Discovery [1] | |
---|---|
Discovered by | C. J. van Houten I. van Houten-G. T. Gehrels |
Discovery site | Palomar Obs. |
Discovery date | 13 May 1971 |
Designations | |
(8967) Calandra | |
Pronunciation | ⫽kəˈlændrə⫽ [2] |
Named after | Miliaria calandra (a species of bunting) [3] |
4878 T-1 ·1978 RM11 1992 EH15 | |
main-belt ·(outer) [4] background | |
Orbital characteristics [1] | |
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | |
Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
Observation arc | 45.76 yr (16,714 days) |
Aphelion | 3.4081 AU |
Perihelion | 2.7043 AU |
3.0562 AU | |
Eccentricity | 0.1151 |
5.34 yr (1,952 days) | |
99.067° | |
0° 11m 4.2s / day | |
Inclination | 9.7428° |
170.63° | |
171.63° | |
Physical characteristics | |
Dimensions | 8.382±0.103 km [5] [6] 10.92 km (calculated) [4] |
5.2427±0.0036 h [7] | |
0.057 (assumed) [4] 0.174±0.030 [5] [6] | |
C [4] | |
13.1 [1] ·13.54 [4] ·12.9 [5] ·13.086±0.004 [7] ·13.30±0.10 [8] | |
8967 Calandra, provisional designation 4878 T-1, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 13 May 1971, by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden Observatory, on photographic plates taken by Dutch–American astronomer Tom Gehrels at the Palomar Observatory in California. [9] It is named after the corn bunting (Emberiza calandra). [3]
Calandra is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7–3.4 AU once every 5 years and 4 months (1,952 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic. [1] No precoveries were taken prior to its discovery. [9]
The survey designation "T-1" stands for the first Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey, named after the fruitful collaboration of the Palomar and Leiden Observatory in the 1960s and 1970s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Cornelis and Ingrid van Houten at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out. The trio of astronomers are credited with the discovery of 4,620 minor planets. [10]
A photometric lightcurve of Calandra obtained at the Palomar Transient Factory in California in 2011, gave a rotation period of 5.2427±0.0036 hours with a brightness variation of 0.58 magnitude ( U=2 ). [7]
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Calandra measures 8.4 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.17. [5] [6] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and hence calculates a larger diameter of 10.2 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 13.54. [4]
This minor planet is named for the passerine bird, Miliaria calandra or Emberiza calandra, also known as the corn bunting. [3] It is listed as an endangered species on the European Red List of Birds. [11] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 2 February 1999 ( M.P.C. 33794; 34089). [12]
1743 Schmidt, provisional designation 4109 P-L, is a dark background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 19 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered during the Palomar–Leiden survey on 24 September 1960, by astronomers Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, on photographic plates taken by Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in California. The C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 17.5 hours. It was named for the optician Bernhard Schmidt.
10252 Heidigraf, provisional designation 4164 T-1, is a Koronian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered during the Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey on 26 March 1971, by Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, and Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The likely elongated S-type asteroid has a brightness variation of 0.56 magnitude. It was named after Heidi Graf, a former Head of the ESTEC Communications Office.
9999 Wiles, provisional designation 4196 T-2, is a Koronian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 6 to 7 kilometers in diameter. It was named after British mathematician Andrew Wiles.
9994 Grotius, provisional designation 4028 P-L, is a stony Rafita asteroid from the middle regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered during the Palomar–Leiden survey in 1960, and named after Dutch jurist Hugo Grotius.
8776 Campestris, provisional designation 2287 T-3, is a stony background asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 16 October 1977, by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden Observatory, and Dutch–American astronomer Tom Gehrels at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The asteroid was named for the tawny pipit, a shorebird.
9912 Donizetti, provisional designation 2078 T-3, is a stony Rafita asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 km in diameter. It was discovered during the third Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey in 1977, and named after Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti.
9910 Vogelweide, provisional designation 3181 T-2, is a stony Koronian asteroid and elongated slow rotator from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered during the second Palomar–Leiden trojan survey in 1973, and named after German medieval poet Walther von der Vogelweide.
6805 Abstracta, provisional designation 4600 P-L, is a carbonaceous Themistian asteroid and slow rotator from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter.
10656 Albrecht is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. It was named after German astronomer Carl Theodor Albrecht.
8121 Altdorfer, provisional designation 2572 P-L, is a stony Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 2 kilometers in diameter. Discovered during the Palomar–Leiden survey in 1960, the asteroid was later named for Renaissance painter Albrecht Altdorfer.
Bacon, provisional designation 3042 P-L, is a carbonaceous Dorian asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 24 September 1960, by Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, and Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in California, United States. It was later named after English philosopher and statesman Francis Bacon.
9826 Ehrenfreund, provisional designation 2114 T-3, is a stony Eoan asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter.
3936 Elst, provisional designation 2321 T-3, is a stony Vestian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5 kilometers in diameter. The asteroid was discovered on 16 October 1977, by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, on photographic plates taken by Dutch–American astronomer Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in California, United States. It was named after Belgian astronomer Eric W. Elst.
2054 Gawain, provisional designation 4097 P-L, is a dark and elongated asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 19 kilometers in diameter. Discovered during the Palomar–Leiden survey at Palomar Observatory in 1960, the asteroid was later named after Gawain, a knight of King Arthur's Round Table in the Arthurian legend.
1777 Gehrels, also designated 4007 P-L, is a stony asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered during the Palomar–Leiden survey in 1960, and named for astronomer Tom Gehrels, one of the survey's principal investigators and credited discoverer.
1924 Horus, provisional designation 4023 P-L, is a dark asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. Discovered during the Palomar–Leiden survey in 1960, it was later named after Horus from Egyptian mythology.
6615 Plutarchos, provisional designation 9512 P-L, is a Florian asteroid and suspected binary from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3.1 kilometers in diameter. Discovered during the Palomar–Leiden survey in 1960, the asteroid was later named after the Greek philosopher Plutarch. Its minor-planet moon was discovered in 2007.
1979 Sakharov, provisionally designated 2006 P-L, is a stony Vestian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered during the Palomar–Leiden survey in 1960, and named after Russian physicist Andrei Sakharov.
3201 Sijthoff, provisional designation 6560 P-L, is a background or Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered during the Palomar–Leiden survey on 24 September 1960, by Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, and Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The assumed S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 4.607 hours. It was named after Dutch publisher and popularizer of astronomy, Albert Georg Sijthoff.
1778 Alfvén, also designated 4506 P-L, is a carbonaceous Themistian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter.