Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi

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Hadi was the sole candidate in the presidential election that was held on 21 February 2012. His candidacy was backed by the ruling party, as well as by the parliamentary opposition. The Electoral Commission reported that 65 percent of registered voters in Yemen voted during the election. Hadi won with 100% of the vote and took the oath of office in Yemen's parliament on 25 February 2012. [23] He was formally inaugurated as the President of Yemen on 27 February 2012, when Saleh resigned from the presidency and formally ceded power to Hadi. [24]

Political reform

Hillary Clinton meets Hadi in New York, 2012. Secretary Clinton Meets With Yemeni President Hadi (8026623870).jpg
Hillary Clinton meets Hadi in New York, 2012.

In March 2013 the National Dialogue Conference was conceived as a core part of the transition process and is intended to bring together Yemen's diverse political and demographic groups to address critical issues. [25] In January 2014, Hadi pushed delegates at the conference to break a deadlock on key issues and bring the talks to an overdue close. When those in attendance finally agreed on a final few points, he launched into an impassioned speech that led to a spike in his popularity. It was agreed that Yemen would shift to a federal model of government in the future, a move which has been proposed and forcefully backed by Hadi. [26] For many Yemenis, particularly in northwestern Yemen, this decentralization was less attractive. This mountainous region is the poorest of Yemen and decentralization would mean that it would receive less money from the central government. Relevant here is that the overwhelming majority of Yemen's population has resided in this area for many years. [27] Indeed, the 'decentralization' of Yemen along the lines proposed by the Saudi-imposed Hadi regime threatened Yemen's long-term economic and political independence; scholar Isa Blumi points out that "To any rational observer, the idea of developing Yemen into six disproportionate regions with enormous autonomy was a blatant effort to benefit foreign interests and subdue the rebellious populations through poverty and administrative obscurity." [27] Indeed, if the Saudi-American decentralization 'road map to peace' is implemented, Yemen's oil wealth would be confined almost entirely to the provinces of Hadhramawt and Saba', Yemen's two least populated provinces. [28] Blumi goes on to point out that "This would make bribing the few thousands of eligible 'residents' with a tiny portion of the oil revenue (no longer flowing to the central state) easy, while creating an enormous windfall for those hoping to steal Yemen's wealth." [28] They also didn't like that the new regional borders would rob them of access to the sea.

Hadi meets U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry, 29 July 2013. Secretary Kerry and Yemeni President Hadi Address Reporters (Pic 2).jpg
Hadi meets U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry, 29 July 2013.

Military

In a move to unify the Armed Forces of Yemen which suffered from split since the Yemeni Revolution, Hadi issued Presidential decree No.104 December 2012 reorganizing the Military into five main branches: Air Force, Army (Ground Force), Navy and Coastal Defense, Border Troops and Strategic Reserve Forces, which includes the Special Operation Command, the Missile Defense Command and the Presidential Protective Forces. The Strategic Reserve Forces replaces the Republican Guard. [29]

Security issues

President Hadi meets then-Secretary of Defense Hagel in the Pentagon on 30 July 2013. Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel, left, escorts Yemen's President Abd Rabuh Mansur Hadi, right, through an honor cordon and into the Pentagon in Arlington, Va., on July 30, 2013 130730-D-NI589-024.jpg
President Hadi meets then-Secretary of Defense Hagel in the Pentagon on 30 July 2013.

From his early days in office, Hadi advocated fighting Al-Qaeda as an important goal. In a meeting with British Foreign Secretary, William Hague in Hadi said, "We intend to confront terrorism with full force and whatever the matter we will pursue it to the very last hiding place". [30]

The Yemeni military had suffered from sharp divisions since Major General Ali Mohsen Al-Ahmar defected in late March 2011 amid protests demanding the ouster of Hadi's predecessor, Ali Abdullah Saleh. The military protests extended to the Republican Guard based in the south of Sana'a when dozens from the Fourth Brigade closed down southern entrances to the capital city and demanded the firing of the brigade's commander, Mohammad Al-Arar, and his general staff. [30]

In an interview in September 2012 given to The Washington Post , Hadi warned that his country, still reeling from the popular uprising that ousted Saleh, risked a descent into a civil war "worse than Afghanistan" should an upcoming months-long national dialogue fail to resolve the state's deep political and societal rifts. He also said that Yemen was facing "three undeclared wars" conducted by al Qaeda, pirates in the Gulf of Aden, and Houthi rebels in the north, and that Iran was supporting these adversaries indirectly without giving further details. [31]

Houthis, on their side, complained of murder attacks on their delegates to the NDC. [32]

In response to the murder of the Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi after visiting a Saudi consulate in Istanbul, Hadi said that the "cheap political and media targeting of Saudi Arabia will not deter it from continuing its leading role in the Arab and Islamic worlds." [33]

Rebel takeover and civil war

Hadi and John Kerry in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 7 May 2015 Secretary Kerry Shakes Hands With Yemeni President Hadi Before Bilateral Meeting in Saudi Arabia (17212641020).jpg
Hadi and John Kerry in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 7 May 2015

Hadi was forced to agree to a power-sharing deal after the fall of Sana'a to the rebel umbrella organization Ansar Allah in September 2014. Also known as the Houthis, these revolutionaries refused to participate in the "unity government", although they continued to occupy key positions and buildings in Sana'a and hold territory throughout northern Yemen. Hadi was further humiliated when the General People's Congress ousted him as its leader and rejected his cabinet choices on 8 November 2014. [34] It is important to note that the Houthis' pretext for entering Sana'a and deposing Hadi was to reverse an apparent breach of the Hadi government's mandate by unilaterally declaring an extension of its power beyond the two-year intermediary period actually set by the GCC and the United States. [35] They also accused the president of seeking to bypass a power-sharing deal signed when they seized Sana'a in September, and said they were working to protect state institutions from corrupt civil servants and officers trying to plunder state property. [36]

Mohammad Hamid Ansari and Hadi in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2017 The Vice President, Shri M. Hamid Ansari meeting the President of Yemen, Mr. Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, on the sidelines of 20th Indian Ocean Rim Association Leaders' Summit, in Jakarta, Indonesia on March 07, 2017.jpg
Mohammad Hamid Ansari and Hadi in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2017

Three days after Hadi's resignation (21 January 2015), the Houthis took over the presidential palace. [37] Hadi and Prime Minister Khaled Bahah tendered their resignations to parliament which reportedly refused to accept them. [38] Then the Yemeni cabinet was dissolved. [39] Hadi and his former ministers remained under virtual house arrest after their resignations. [40]

United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon called for Hadi's reinstatement after the Houthis installed themselves as the interim government in February 2015. [40] [41] According to Houthi-controlled state media, Hadi reaffirmed on 8 February that his resignation was final and could not be withdrawn. [42]

However, after leaving Sana'a and traveling to his hometown of Aden on 21 February, Hadi declared that the actions taken by the Houthis since 21 September were unconstitutional and invalid. [43] [44]

On 26 March 2015 Saudi state TV Al Ekhbariya reported that Hadi arrived at a Riyadh airbase and was met by Saudi Arabia Defense Minister Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud as Saudi Arabia and its allies' launched airstrikes in Yemen against the Houthis in the 2015 military intervention in Yemen. His route from Aden to Riyadh was not immediately known. [45]

On 25 March 2017 a court in the Houthi-controlled Sana'a sentenced Hadi and six other government officials to death in absentia for "high treason", which meant "incitement and assistance" to Saudi Arabia and its allies." [46] [47] The sentence was announced by the Houthi-controlled Saba News Agency. [46]

Resignation

On 7 April 2022, Hadi announced in a televised speech that he was resigning from office, dismissing vice-president Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar and transferring power to the newly formed eight members Presidential Leadership Council chaired by Rashad al-Alimi. He also said that the council was tasked with negotiating with the Houthi rebels to agree to a permanent ceasefire. [48] [49] The presidential council's leader had close ties with Saudi Arabia, and some of Yemen's other political groups, including the Islah party. [50] Officials from Saudi Arabia and Yemen claimed that Hadi was pushed by Riyadh to give up his power to the presidential council. Hadi received a written decree from Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman to transfer his authority to the council. According to Prince Mohammed the decision was approved by other Yemeni leaders. Hadi was also threatened by Saudi officials using the evidence of corruption allegedly committed by him.

Following his decision to step down, he was kept under a house arrest in his Riyadh residence and not allowed to communicate with anyone. All these claims were denied by Saudi Arabia. [51]

Notes

  1. ↑ Arabic: عبدربه منصور هادي, romanized: ʿAbd Rabbih Manṣūr Hādī, Yemeni pronunciation: [ˈʕæb.dəˈrɑb.bumɑnˈsˤuːrˈhæːdi] ; [3] [4]

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References

  1. ↑ Asharq al-Awsat; Muhammad Ali Mohsen (22 October 2015). "The People's Congress meets with Hadi in Riyadh and nominates him as president after Saleh is dismissed". Asharq Al-Awsat (in Arabic). Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and Aden, Yemen. Archived from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  2. ↑ Tawfeek al-Ganad (20 September 2022). "Weak and Divided, the General People's Congress Turns 40". Sana'a Center For Strategic Studies. Sanaa. Archived from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  3. ↑ "فخامة الرئيس عبدربه منصور هادي رئيس الجمهورية القائد الأعلى للقوات المسلحة، يترأس اجتماعاً استثنائياً لقيادات الدولة، ضم نائبه الفريق الركن علي محسن صالح، ورئيس مجلس النواب سلطان البركاني ورئيس الوزراء الدكتور معين عبدالملك، ورئيس مجلس الشورى الدكتور احمد عبيد بن دغر". Yemen TV on Facebook. 26 March 2022. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
  4. ↑ "لقاء الرئيس هادي برئيس مجلس الرئاسة وعدد من نوابه". Yemen TV on Youtube. 7 April 2022. 6 April 2022. Archived from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
  5. 1 2 Ghobari, Mohamed (7 April 2022). "Yemen president sacks deputy, delegates presidential powers to council". Reuters . Aden. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022. With this declaration a Presidential Leadership Council shall be established to complete the implementation of the tasks of the transitional period. I irreversibly delegate to the Presidential Leadership Council my full powers in accordance with the constitution and the Gulf Initiative and its executive mechanism.
  6. ↑ "Al-Hadi President of Yemen". Al Jazeera. 4 June 2011. Archived from the original on 27 November 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
  7. ↑ "Yemeni President Saleh signs deal on ceding power". BBC News. 23 November 2011. Archived from the original on 21 May 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
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  9. ↑ "Saba Net – Yemen news agency". www.sabanews.net. Archived from the original on 4 February 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  10. ↑ "Yemen: Ex-President Ali Abdullah Saleh killed". Al Jazeera. 10 December 2017. Archived from the original on 19 May 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  11. ↑ "Death of a leader: Where next for Yemen's GPC after murder of Saleh?". Middle East Eye . 23 January 2018.
  12. ↑ Al-Moshki, Ali Ibrahim (25 February 2015). "President or Fugitive? Houthis Reject Hadi's letter to Parliament". Yemen Times. Archived from the original on 24 December 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  13. ↑ "Saudi Arabia: Yemen's President Hadi Arrives in Saudi Capital Riyadh". Huffington Post. 26 March 2015. Archived from the original on 28 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  14. ↑ "Yemen profile: timeline". BBC World News. 24 September 2015. Archived from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  15. ↑ "Yemeni President Hadi 'under house arrest' in Riyadh". Al-Jazeera. 7 November 2017. Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  16. ↑ Kolirin, Mostafa Salem, Lianne (7 April 2022). "Hopes of peace in Yemen as President hands power to new presidential council". CNN. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ↑ "War-ravaged Yemen gets a truce and dumps a tired president". The Economist. 16 April 2022. ISSN   0013-0613. Archived from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  18. ↑ Said, Summer; Kalin, Stephen (17 April 2022). "Saudi Arabia Pushed Yemen's Elected President to Step Aside, Saudi and Yemeni Officials Say". The Wall Street Journal . Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  19. ↑ "Saudi Arabia forced Yemen's president to resign, says report". Middle East Eye . Washington, D.C. 18 April 2022. Archived from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
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  21. 1 2 3 4 "Saleh's successor: low-profile warrior of consensus in Yemen". Al Arabiya. Sanaa. AFP. 19 February 2012. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
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  26. ↑ Peter Salisbury. "Yemen's quiet president". Aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
  27. 1 2 Blumi, Isa. Destroying Yemen: What Chaos in Arabia Tells Us About the World, p. 196.
  28. 1 2 Blumi, Isa. Destroying Yemen: What Chaos in Arabia Tells Us About the World, p. 197
  29. ↑ [Yemeni president orders new structure of armed forces. BBC Monitoring International Reports], 21 December 2012; accessed 6 April 2015.
  30. 1 2 Mukhashaf, Mohammed (5 March 2012). "Yemen president vows to pursue Qaeda-linked militants". Reuters.com. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
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  38. ↑ "Yemen crisis: President resigns as rebels tighten hold". BBC. 22 January 2015. Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  39. ↑ Yemen's cabinet is dissolved Archived 12 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine , cnn.com; accessed 7 April 2015.
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  51. ↑ "Saudi Arabia Pushed Yemen's Elected President to Step Aside, Saudi and Yemeni Officials Say". The Wall Street Journal. 17 April 2022. Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
Field Marshal
Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi
عبدربه منصور هادي
Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi.jpg
Hadi in 2013
2nd President of Yemen
In office
27 February 2012 –7 April 2022
Disputed from 22 January 2015
Vice President
Preceded by Ali Abdullah Saleh
Succeeded by Rashad al-Alimi (as Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council)
Abdul-Malik al-Houthi(De-Facto leader of Yemen)
Political offices
Preceded byas Deputy Chairman of the Presidential Council of Yemen Vice President of Yemen
1994–2012
Acting President: 2011, 2011–2012		Vacant
Title next held by
Khaled Bahah
Preceded by President of Yemen
2012–2022
Disputed starting 2015
Reason for dispute:
Yemeni Civil War (2014–present) 		Succeeded byas Chairman of the
Presidential Leadership Council
Party political offices
Preceded by
Ali Abdullah Saleh
— DISPUTED —
Chairman of the General People's Congress
2015–2022
Disputed by Ali Abdullah Saleh, Sadeq Amin Abu Rass and Ahmed Saleh
Reason for dispute:
Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)		Vacant
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