Abdul Somad

Last updated

Ustaz
Abdul Somad
Abdul Somad Tausiah di Lapas Pontianak 2022 (cropped).jpg
Somad in 2022
Personal
BornAbdul Somad Batubara
(1977-05-18) 18 May 1977 (age 47)
Asahan, North Sumatra, Indonesia [1]
Religion Islam
Nationality Indonesian
Home town Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
Era Contemporary
Jurisprudence Shafii
Alma mater Al-Azhar University, Egypt
Dar al-Hadith al-Hasaniyyah, [1] Morocco
Known for Dawah
Occupation Da'i, hadith scholar, lecturer [1]
Website somadmorocco.blogspot.co.id

Abdul Somad Batubara (born 18 May 1977) is an Indonesian Islamic preacher, scholar and motivator from Asahan, North Sumatra. He is currently also serving as a lecturer at the Sultan Syarif Kasim II State Islamic University (UIN Suska) in Riau. [3] [4]

Contents

In addition to his lectures, he has authored books, including translations of Arabic publications, and religious guides on subjects such as Qurbani and Salah. [5] [6] Somad's often controversial views has resulted in him being considered persona non grata in various countries, and he along with his supporters has been accused of being engaged with Islamic extremism. [7] [8]

Background

Abdul Somad was born on 18 May 1977 in Silo Lama, a village in Asahan Regency, North Sumatra, as the son of Bakhtiar and Rohana. [9] [10] From the mother's side, he is descended from Sheikh Abdurrahman, nicknamed Tuan Syekh Silau Laut I, a Sufi scholar of the Shattari Order who was born in Rao, Batu Bara. [11] [12] He is descended from Minangkabau immigrants whose ancestors came from Mudik Tampang, Rao, Pasaman. [13]

Abdul Somad rose to prominence primarily due to YouTube and social media in a time of rapid growing internet users in Indonesia. [14] [15] He is well known for his humorous rhetoric in delivering dawah. [16] His views of Islam is considered to be fundamentalist and objective with his lectures encompassing literal topics on Quran and Sunnah. [17] [18]

Controversies

Islamic views

In an October 2017 video posted on the Islamic-oriented YouTube channel Fodamara TV, Abdul Somad attracted controversy for stating that Muslims who shop or buy at coffee shops owned by Starbucks would go to hell due to the company's pro-LGBT policies. The video went viral in March 2018 with many online mocking the preacher for being hypocritical, noting that many of the platforms that Somad uses to spread his message such as YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter have similar pro-LGBT policies like Starbucks. [19]

In 2019, Somad was reported to police for delivering a speech in which he denounced the crucifix, and stated that any Muslim dying in an hospital with crucifixes would be sent to Hell because the crucifix contained a jinn, a supernatural creature believed to exist by pre-Islamic Arabian tribes and Muslims. [20]

Somad was also affiliated with the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI). [21] The latter organization was eventually banned by the Indonesian government due to radicalism as well. [22]

COVID-19 pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic, in one of his sermons, Somad claimed that the virus causing it is the "soldier of Allah" that was sent to protect the Uyghur Muslims from Chinese repression. He stated that Uyghur Muslims are not infected by the virus because they perform wudu regularly. [23] After the pandemic entered Indonesia, and some of the Muslims living there caught the disease and died because of it, including Tengku Zulkarnain, an Indonesian Islamic scholar who Somad considered as his teacher, [24] Somad changed his stance, claiming that every Muslim who dies due to the pandemic are considered Shahid, [25] and asserted that his previous claim that said the virus is the "soldier of Allah" is just of one of the many interpretations, and it would be wrong if people think that it is just the only interpretation. [26]

Banned from various countries

Somad had been refused entry to several countries such as East Timor, Switzerland, [27] Hong Kong, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Germany. [7]

On 16 May 2022, Somad, accompanied with six individuals came to Singapore, claiming to be on holiday purpose, but his entry was denied and he was deported to Batam on the same day. Singapore's Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) cited his past "extremist and segregationist" preachings as the reason for the government's refusal to let him enter the country. [28] The MHA added that Somad, in the past, had preached that suicide bombings are legitimate in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and are considered "martyrdom" operations; and he has also made comments denigrating members of other faiths, such as Christians, by describing the Christian crucifix as the dwelling place of an "infidel jinn (spirit/demon)". [29]

Somad then reacted in a video, claiming that "Singapore actually belongs to the Malays", and that Singaporeans of other races are just immigrants there. He added, "In the future, God willing, the time will come, perhaps in the era of our grandchildren, the ones who will be in power are the Malays and that country shall be conquered back, so they will feel the pain, impudent!" [30] He also remarked that if "all Indonesians take a piss together and channel it towards Singapore, the island will sink". [31] His supporters spammed the social media accounts of various Singapore's political leaders and governmental organizations, with several threatening to wage a repetition of the September 11 attacks on Singapore. [32] [33] Somad also added that he would not "give up" in trying to visit Singapore. [34]

Claiming music as a medium for Satan's entry

In a video recording of one of his sermons, Somad said: "Satan enters through the ear into the heart via music; the songs that we often hear will be stuck in our ears, and when we go to sleep [the devil] comes, so don't listen to music." However, another video emerged in which Somad, accompanied by a piano, sang Bila Tiba by Pasha Ungu. [35] [36]

Wikipedia edits

On 16 June 2022, Somad stated that Wikipedia published defamatory information that are harmful to him. Somad claimed that his Wikipedia article called him an extremist and he had allowed suicide bombing. Somad claimed that his cyber team had attempted to change the article, but the changes are rejected by Wikipedia and his changes are undone. [37]

Personal life

Somad married Mellya Juniarti in 2012. [38] The couple divorced in 2019. [39] In 2021, he married Fatimah Az Zahra Salim Barabud. [40] He has two children, one from his earlier marriage, and the second from his present one. [38] [40]

Related Research Articles

The Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS), also known as the Islamic Religious Council of Singapore (IRCS), is a statutory board of the Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth of the Government of Singapore. As a majlis, its role is to look after the administration and interests of Singapore's Muslim community. The Majlis is headed by a Council, in which members are appointed by the President of Singapore. Since 2009, the council is headquartered in the Singapore Islamic Hub, along Braddell Road.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malaysian Islamic Youth Movement</span>

Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ABIM) or the Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia is an Islamic organisation founded on 6 August 1971 by Ustaz Wahab Sulaiman.

Masjid An-Nahdhah, is a mosque located in Bishan. The mosque was the sixth to be built under Phase III of the Mosque Building Fund program. It opened on January 6, 2006, and can accommodate about 4,000 worshippers. The building also contains the Harmony Centre @ An-Nahdhah visitor center.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abdul Hadi Awang</span> Malaysian politician

Abdul Hadi bin Awang is a Malaysian politician and religious teacher who has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Marang since October 1990, 7th President of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), an Islamist political party and a component party of Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition, since July 2002. He served as Leader of the Opposition from July 2002 to March 2004, Menteri Besar of Terengganu from December 1999 to March 2004 and Member of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Ru Rendang from 1986 until 2018. At the international level, he formerly served as vice-president of the International Union of Muslim Scholars.

Freedom of religion in Singapore is a guaranteed constitutionally protected right. Article 15 of the Constitution of Singapore states: "Every person has the right to profess and practise his religion and to propagate it." and allows believers the freedom to assemble and worship without limitation or interference.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pontianak Sultanate</span> Former state in Indonesia

The Pontianak Kadriyah Sultanate was an Islamic Malay state that existed on the western coast of the island of Borneo from the late 18th century until its disestablishment in 1950. It was founded in 1771 by Sultan Syarif Abdurrahman Ibni Alhabib Husein bin Ahmad Alkadrie, allegedly a descendant of Sayidina Husain, in the area of the mouth of the triple junction of the small Kapuas River and the porcupine river which included a small area area ceded by the Sultan of Banten to the Dutch VOC. He had two political marriages in Kalimantan, the first to the princess of the Mempawah Kingdom, Utin Chandramidi, and the second in 1768 to Ratu Syahranum of the Banjar Sultanate, earning him the title Pangeran Nur Alam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura</span> Sultanate that was located in the Siak Regency, Riau (1723–1949)

The Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura, often called Sultanate of Siak, was a kingdom that was located in present-day Siak Regency, and nearby other regions from 1722 to 1949. It was founded by Raja Kecil, who had close relations with the Johor Sultanate, after he failed to seize the Johor throne. The polity expanded in the 18th century to encompass much of eastern Sumatra as it brought various communities under its control through warfare and control of trade between the interior of Sumatra and the Malacca Strait. The Dutch colonial state signed a series of treaties with the Siak rulers in the 19th century, which reduced the area of state influence to the Siak River. For the remainder of the Dutch colonial era, it operated as an independent state with Dutch advisors. After Indonesia's Independence was proclaimed on 17 August 1945, the last sultan of Siak, Sultan Syarif Kasim II, declared his kingdom to join the Republic of Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shia Islam in Singapore</span>

Shia Muslims Sunni Islam is the majority as is much of Southeast Asia. The Shia community in Singapore is considered part of the wider Muslim religious group alongside the majority Sunni and are afforded the same legal rights and protections covered by the Administration of Muslim Law Act, which does not explicitly name any one particular branch or sect. The most prominent branches in Singapore are the Twelver and Isma'ili.

Sultan Syarif Abdurrahman Alkadrie or Syarif Abdul Rahman Al Qadri 23 October 1771 – 28 February 1808 was the founder and the first Sultan of Pontianak. He was born in 1729/1730, and was the son of Syarif Habib Husein bin Ahmad Al Qadri, an Arab preacher and propagator of Islamic teachings. His mother was Nyai Tua Utin Kabanat, daughter of Sultan Muhammad Zainuddin of Matan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Syarif Kasim II</span> Sultan of Siak Sri Indrapura

Yang Dipertuan Besar Syarif Kasim Abdul Jalil Saifuddin or Sultan Syarif Kasim II was the 12th and last sultan of the Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura. He was crowned as the sultan at the age of 23 succeeding his father Sultan Syarif Hasyim. Sultan Syarif Kasim II was a supporter of the independence struggle in Indonesia. After Indonesia proclaimed independence, he ceded Siak Sultanate to be part of united Indonesia, and he contributed his wealth of 13 million guilders. for a number of republican government causes. Together with the Sultan of Serdang, he also tried to persuade other kings of East Sumatra to join the republic cause.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rizieq Shihab</span> Indonesian Islamist scholar (born 1965)

Muhammad Rizieq bin Hussein Shihab is an Indonesian Islamist cleric, the founder and leader of the Islamist group Islamic Defenders Front, which was banned by the government in December 2020. Facing criminal charges in Indonesia, he lived in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from 2017 to November 2020. Following his return to Indonesia, he was arrested in late 2020, accused of criminal incitement for holding crowded events that violated the COVID-19 pandemic regulations.

An-Nur Great Mosque is a mosque located in Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia. Its construction began in 1963 and was completed in 1968. The mosque can accommodate about 4,500 worshippers. It is one of the largest mosques in Indonesia. The mosque has influences from various architectural styles: Malay, Turkish, Arabic, and Indian.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Madrasah Aljunied Al-Islamiah</span> Independent, madrasah school in Singapore

Madrasah Aljunied Al-Islamiah is a full-time, private Islamic institution of learning in Singapore, one of the six such madrasahs in Singapore. Madrasah Aljunied is one of the oldest surviving madrasahs in Singapore. Through its years, it has gained eminence for its high standard of Arabic language and Islamic scholarship in the region. Madrasah Aljunied boasts an illustrious line of alumni of prominent Islamic religious leaders in Singapore and Southeast Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bachtiar Nasir</span> Indonesian Islamic ulama

Bachtiar Nasir is an Indonesian Islamist da'i and ulama. He is known for his examination and exploration of the sciences of the Qur'an. The ustad leads the Ar-Rahman Qur'anic Learning Center (AQL) Islamic Center, and also serves as the Secretary General of Intellectual Assembly of Young Ulama Indonesia (MIUMI), Chairman of Alumni of Saudi Arabia in Indonesia, and Chairman of Islamic University of Medina Alumni in Indonesia. He also served as the Central Executive of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ustadz Solmed</span> Indonesian Islamic preacher and actor (born 1983)

Sholeh Mahmoed Nasution, colloquially known as Ustadz Solmed, is an Indonesian Islamic preacher, speaker, and actor. Sholeh was first known as the champion in the speech and national lecture contest at Istiqlal Mosque in 2000. Since then, he has been active in both pop televangelism and acting business. He is an alumnus of Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amany Lubis</span> Indonesian islamic scholar

Amany Burhanuddin Umar Lubis is an Indonesian Muslim, female scholar of Mandailing-Egyptian descent. As an Islamic scholar, Amany was appointed as chairperson of the Indonesian Ulema Council for Women, Youth and Families for the 2015–2020 period. On January 7, 2019, she was appointed as rector of the Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta by the minister of religion affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, Lukman Hakim Saifuddin. Her new position made her as the first woman who served as chancellor of the largest Islamic university in Indonesia, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta.

Maaher At-Thuwailibi was an Indonesian Islamic preacher based in Bogor. He primarily preached on various social media platforms, such as Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Insan Mokoginta</span> Indonesian Islamic preacher (1949–2020)

Insan Latif Syaukani Mokoginta or commonly called Insan Mokoginta was an Indonesian Islamic preacher. He is known as one of the Christology figures in Indonesia and administrators of the Center for the Mualaf Foundation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas</span> Indonesian Islamic preacher (1963–2024)

Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas was an Indonesian Salafi scholar and writer. He is also known for writing many religious Islamic books in Indonesian. His lectures which are considered controversial make Yazid often receive criticism from a number of Indonesian Muslims.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Dosen Fakultas Ushuluddin - Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau (Faculty Usuluddin Lectorer - Sultan Syarif Kasim Islamic State University)" (in Indonesian). Sultan Syarif Kasim Islamic State University. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  2. ↑ "UAS Raih Gelar Doktor dengan Predikat Cum Laude di Sudan". Archived from the original on 29 December 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  3. ↑ "Ulama Dibidik; Giliran Ustadz Abdul Somad Lc Akan Dipolisikan Karena Ceramah Ini... - Ngelmu". www.ngelmu.id. Retrieved 13 September 2017.[ permanent dead link ]
  4. ↑ "Ustadz Syeikh Abdul Somad, Inilah Profil Lengkapnya!". DOFOLLOW BLOGGER ID (in Indonesian). 18 August 2017. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
  5. ↑ "Buku Ustadz Kita » 33 Tanya Jawab Seputar Qurban". tbtafaqquh.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 20 February 2019. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
  6. ↑ "Buku Ustadz Kita » 99 Tanya Jawab Seputar Shalat - Ustadz Abdul Somad, Lc. MA". tbtafaqquh.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
  7. 1 2 Liputan6.com (18 May 2022). "6 Negara yang Pernah Tolak Kehadiran Ustaz Abdul Somad, Terbaru Singapura". liputan6.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 19 May 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ↑ Lim, Vanessa (23 May 2022). "Threats mentioning 9/11 attacks made against Singapore by Indonesian preacher's supporters: Shanmugam". CNA. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  9. ↑ Sudrajat, Agus Setyadi. "Ustaz Abdul Somad, Sang Phenomenon dari Tanah Melayu". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 7 April 2024.
  10. ↑ "Beredar Formulir Persetujuan Calon Pengantin antara Ustaz Abdul Somad dengan Fatimah Az Zahra Salim Barabud". Joglosemar. 25 April 2021. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  11. ↑ "Abdul Somad Batubara, Lc., D.e.s.a., Tokoh". Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan DKI Jakarta (in Indonesian). 23 July 2019. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  12. ↑ Hasanul Rizqa (11 February 2019). "Makna Silaturahim UAS ke Tiga Tokoh Sepuh NU". Republika (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 20 November 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  13. ↑ Rusman Siregar (29 December 2017). "Kisah Syekh Silau Laut, Ulama Besar Kakek Ustaz Somad". Sindonews (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  14. ↑ Abdurrahman, Muhammad Sufyan. "Mengenal Dakwah Digital syekh Abdul Somad Pekanbaru". detiknews. Archived from the original on 10 February 2019. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
  15. ↑ "Syekh Abdul Somad dan Media Sosial dalam Dakwah - dakwatuna.com". dakwatuna.com (in Indonesian). 22 June 2017. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
  16. ↑ "Abdul Somad: ustadz jaman now". New Mandala. 10 June 2019. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  17. ↑ "'UAS adalah Dai Moderat yang Selalu Utamakan Persatuan'". Republika Online (in Indonesian). 22 August 2019. Archived from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  18. ↑ "Ustaz Abdul Somad, Sang Moderat dari Bumi Melayu". SINDOnews.com (in Indonesian). 31 December 2017. Archived from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  19. ↑ "Muslims buying from Starbucks will go to hell, says popular preacher". The Jakarta Post. 28 April 2018. Archived from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  20. ↑ "Celebrity Islamic preacher Abdul Somad reported to police for saying crosses contain 'infidel genies' | Coconuts". Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  21. ↑ "Pengurus FPI di Pekanbaru Ditangkap, Begini Respons Ustaz Abdul Somad". 8 December 2020. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  22. ↑ "The FPI Islamic extremist movement is outlawed". Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  23. ↑ "Klaim UAS: Virus Corona Adalah Tentara Allah, Pelindung Muslim Uighur". suara.com (in Indonesian). 29 February 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  24. ↑ Liputan6.com (11 May 2021). "Berduka atas Kepergian Sang Guru, Ini Doa UAS untuk Ustaz Tengku Zulkarnain". liputan6.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 20 May 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  25. ↑ "Ustadz Abdul Somad Jelaskan Wabah Virus Corona Menjadi Berkah Bagi Umat Beriman, Setara Mati Syahid". Wartakotalive.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  26. ↑ Nafi'an, Muhammad Ilman. "Ustaz Somad Beri Penjelasan soal Anggapan 'Virus Corona Tentara Allah'". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  27. ↑ "Wawancara tvOne Soal Isu Deportasi Singapura, UAS: Saya Datang Untuk Jalan-jalan | Catatan Demokrasi". YouTube . Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  28. ↑ Chelvan, Vanessa Paige (17 May 2022). "Indonesian preacher Abdul Somad Batubara, known for 'extremist and segregationist' teachings, denied entry into Singapore: MHA". Channel News Asia . Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  29. ↑ "Indonesian preacher denied entry into Singapore due to his extremist and segregationist teachings: MHA | the Straits Times". The Straits Times. 17 May 2022. Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  30. ↑ "Selain Singapura, Ustaz Abdul Somad Cerita Pernah Dilarang Masuk Timor Leste Karena Dianggap Teroris". Tribunnews.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  31. ↑ Populis (17 May 2022). "Ditendang dari Singapura, Eh UAS Ngegas: Kurang Ajar, Kita Kencingin Tenggelam Dia!". Populis (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  32. ↑ Kok, Yufeng (18 May 2022). "Social media accounts of President Halimah, PM Lee spammed by supporters of banned Indonesian preacher". The Straits Times . Archived from the original on 19 May 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  33. ↑ Lim, Vanessa (23 May 2022). "Threats mentioning 9/11 attacks made against Singapore by Indonesian preacher's supporters: Shanmugam". CNA. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  34. ↑ Ismail, Saifulbahri (21 May 2022). "Indonesian preacher denied entry to Singapore says he will not give up trying to visit". CNA. Archived from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  35. ↑ "Sebut Setan Masuk Lewat Musik, Akitivis Dapati Ustadz Abdul Somad Lagi Karaoke". suara.com (in Indonesian). 3 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  36. ↑ @gunromli (2 November 2022). "Katanya Setan masuk lewat musik..." (Tweet). Retrieved 3 November 2022– via Twitter.
  37. ↑ detikhot, tim. "Wikipedia Ustaz Abdul Somad Diedit, Tertulis Memperbolehkan Bom Bunuh Diri". detikhot (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  38. 1 2 Dany Garjito (11 August 2020). "Profil Ustaz Abdul Somad Lengkap, dari Pendidikan hingga Karir yang Moncer" [Complete Profile of Ustaz Abdul Somad, from Education to a Great Career]. Suara (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  39. ↑ Sapto Purnomo (10 December 2019). "Ustad Abdul Somad Bercerai, Mantan Istri: Genderang Itu Telah Tuan Tabuh" [Ustad Abdul Somad Divorced, Ex-Wife: The drum has been hit by the Lord]. Liputan6 (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  40. 1 2 Dinar Firda Rosa (25 February 2022). "Ustadz Abdul Somad dan Sang Istri Umumkan Nama Anak, Ternyata Ini Makna di Baliknya" [Ustadz Abdul Somad and his wife announce the name of the child, apparently this is the meaning behind it]. portaljember (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.