Amorpha

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Amorpha
Amorpha fruiticosa.jpg
Desert false indigo ( Amorpha fruticosa )
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Amorpheae
Genus: Amorpha
L.
Species

16; see text

Synonyms [1]
  • BonafidiaNeck. (1790), opus utique oppr.
  • MonosemeionRaf. (1840)

Amorpha is a genus of plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. All the species are native to North America, from southern Canada, most of the United States (US), and northern Mexico. They are commonly known as false indigo. The name Amorpha means "deformed" or "without form" in Greek and was given because flowers of this genus only have one petal, unlike the usual "pea-shaped" flowers of the Faboideae subfamily. Amorpha is missing the wing and keel petals. [2]

Contents

The desert false indigo or indigo bush ( Amorpha fruticosa ), is a shrub that grows from 3 m to 5 m tall. The species is considered a rare species in the US state of West Virginia and in the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario, but is considered an invasive plant in some areas of the northeastern and northwestern United States and in southeastern Canada, beyond its native range, and has also been introduced into Europe.

The lead plant ( Amorpha canescens ), a bushy shrub, is an important North American prairie legume. Lead plant is often associated with little bluestem ( Schizachyrium scoparium ), a common prairie grass. Native Americans used the dried leaves of lead plant for pipe smoking and tea.

Amorpha species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Schinia lucens , which feeds exclusively on the genus.

Amorphol, a rotenoid bioside, can be isolated from plants of the genus Amorpha. [3]

Species

Amorpha comprises the following species: [4] [5] [6]

Flowers of Amorpha fruticosa Amorpha fruticosa-flowers.jpg
Flowers of Amorpha fruticosa

Species names with uncertain taxonomic status

The status of the following species is unresolved: [6]

  • Amorpha arboreaSchkuhr
  • Amorpha californicaNutt.
  • Amorpha coeruleaLodd.
  • Amorpha colorataRaf.
  • Amorpha croceahort. ex Lavallée
  • Amorpha dealbatahort. ex Lavallée
  • Amorpha discolorRaf.
  • Amorpha elataHayne
  • Amorpha elatiorhort. ex Lavallée
  • Amorpha flexuosaRaf.
  • Amorpha gaertneriK.Koch
  • Amorpha gardneriK.Koch
  • Amorpha glaucaRaf.
  • Amorpha incanaEngelm.
  • Amorpha laevigataNutt.
  • Amorpha lewisiiLodd. ex Loudon
  • Amorpha ludovicianahort. ex Lavallée
  • Amorpha ludwigiiK.Koch
  • Amorpha luteaRaf.
  • Amorpha macrophylaRaf.
  • Amorpha marginatahort. ex Lavallée
  • Amorpha mimosifoliaVoss
  • Amorpha nanaNutt.
  • Amorpha nonperforataSchkuhr
  • Amorpha ornataWender.
  • Amorpha pedalisBlanco
  • Amorpha perforataSchkuhr
  • Amorpha rabiaeLex.
  • Amorpha retusaRaf.
  • Amorpha sensitivaVoss
  • Amorpha tenesseensisSchult.
  • Amorpha tomentosaRaf.
  • Amorpha verrucosaRaf.

Hybrids

The following hybrid has been described: [6]

Related Research Articles

<i>Lathyrus</i> Plant genus in the pea family Fabaceae

Lathyrus is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, and contains approximately 160 species. Commonly known as peavines or vetchlings, they are native to temperate areas, with a breakdown of 52 species in Europe, 30 species in North America, 78 in Asia, 24 in tropical East Africa, and 24 in temperate South America. There are annual and perennial species which may be climbing or bushy. This genus has numerous sections, including Orobus, which was once a separate genus. The genus has numerous synonyms, including Pisum, the ancient Latin name for the pea.

<i>Sphaeralcea</i> Genus of flowering plants

Sphaeralcea is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family (Malvaceae). There are about 40-60 species, including annuals, perennials, and shrubs. Most originate in the drier regions of North America, with some known from South America. They are commonly known as globemallows, globe mallows, false mallows or falsemallows. The name of the genus is derived from the Greek words σφαῖρα (sphaira), meaning "sphere," and αλκεα (alkea), meaning "mallow."

<i>Cercocarpus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Cercocarpus, commonly known as mountain mahogany, is a small genus of at least nine species of nitrogen-fixing flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae. They are native to the western United States and northern Mexico, where they grow in chaparral and semidesert habitats and climates, often at high altitudes. Several are found in the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion.

<i>Indigofera</i> Genus of plants

Indigofera is a large genus of over 750 species of flowering plants belonging to the pea family Fabaceae. They are widely distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

<i>Baptisia</i> Genus of legumes

Baptisia is a genus in the legume family, Fabaceae. They are flowering herbaceous perennial plants with pea-like flowers, followed by pods, which are sometimes inflated. They are native to woodland and grassland in eastern and southern North America. The species most commonly found in cultivation is B. australis.

<i>Dalea</i> Genus of legumes

Dalea is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. Members of the genus are commonly known as prairie clover or indigo bush. Its name honors English apothecary Samuel Dale (1659–1739). They are native to the Western hemisphere, where they are distributed from Canada to Argentina. Nearly half of the known species are endemic to Mexico. Two species of Dalea have been considered for rangeland restoration.

<i>Thermopsis</i> Genus of legumes

Thermopsis is a genus of legumes, native to temperate North America and east Asia. They are herbaceous perennials and are known as goldenbanners or false-lupines.

<i>Amorpha californica</i> Species of flowering plant

Amorpha californica is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name California false indigo.

<i>Marina</i> (plant) Genus of legumes

Marina is a genus in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes 40 species native to southern North America, ranging from California and New Mexico through Mexico and Central America to Costa Rica. They are known as the false prairie clovers. Unlike the related prairie clovers, which bear two ovules per fruit, false prairie clovers bear only one ovule per fruit.

<i>Psorothamnus</i> Genus of legumes

Psorothamnus is a genus of plants in the legume family. These are shrubs and small trees. Many are known by the general common name indigo bush. Some are referred to as daleas, as this genus was once included in genus Dalea. These are generally thorny, thickly branched, strongly scented bushes. Most species bear lupinlike raceme inflorescences of bright purple legume flowers and gland-rich pods. Psorothamnus species are native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. The genus is paraphyletic and it has been proposed that the genus Psorodendron be reinstated to accommodate sections Xylodalea, Capnodendron, and Winnemucca.

<i>Amorpha fruticosa</i> Species of legume

Amorpha fruticosa is a species of flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae, known by several common names, including desert false indigo, false indigo-bush, and bastard indigobush. It is native to North America.

<i>Zerene cesonia</i> Species of butterfly

Zerene cesonia, the southern dogface, is a North and South American butterfly in the family Pieridae, subfamily Coliadinae.

Pomaria is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes 16 species of shrubs and perennial herbs native to North America, South America, and southern Africa. Typical habitats include drier subtropical grasslands and wooded grasslands, often on limestone, and degraded areas. It belongs to tribe Caesalpinieae of subfamily Caesalpinioideae.

<i>Orbexilum</i> Genus of plants

Orbexilum, commonly called leather-root, is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family (Fabaceae). They are native to North America, where they are found in the United States and Mexico, south to Chiapas.

<i>Amorpha canescens</i> Species of legume

Amorpha canescens, known as leadplant, downy indigo bush, prairie shoestring, or buffalo bellows, is a small, perennial semi-shrub in the pea family (Fabaceae), native to North America. It has very small purple flowers with yellow stamens which are grouped in racemes. Depending on location, the flowers bloom from late June through mid-September. The compound leaves of this plant appear leaden due to their dense hairiness. The roots can grow up to 5 m (16 ft) deep and can spread up to 1 metre radially. This plant can be found growing in well-drained soils of prairies, bluffs, and open woodlands.

<i>Acmispon</i> Genus of legumes

Acmispon is a genus of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae (legumes), native to North America and the west coast of Chile in South America. It includes several species of American bird's-foot trefoils and deervetches formerly contained in the globally distributed genus Lotus. The former genus Syrmatium is included in Acmispon. The Jepson eFlora accepts only Acmispon.

Amorpha apiculata is a species of papilionate leguminous shrub known commonly as the Baja California false-indigo. It is a very rare narrow endemic only found in the Sierra de San Pedro Martir and its western foothills. It is characterized by a white vexillum, a smooth, hairless fruit and spine-like glands. It is closely related to Amorpha californica.

References

  1. Amorpha L. Plants of the World Online . Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  2. Gledhill D. (2008). The Names of Plants. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-86645-3 . Retrieved 24 December 2008.
  3. Kasymov AU, Kondratenko ES, Abubakirov NK (1974). "Structure of amorphol—A rotenoid bioside from plants of the genus Amorpha". Chem Nat Compd . 10 (4): 470–473. doi:10.1007/BF00563810.
  4. "ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Amorpha". International Legume Database & Information Service. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  5. USDA; ARS; National Genetic Resources Program. "GRIN species records of Amorpha". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  6. 1 2 3 "The Plant List entry for Amorpha". The Plant List . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  7. Some sources treat Amorpha crenulata as a synonym (variety) of Amorpha herbacea.