Arbutus andrachne

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Arbutus andrachne
Ericaceae - Arbutus andrachne.JPG
Tree of Arbutus andrachne at Orto Botanico dell'Università di Genova
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Ericaceae
Genus: Arbutus
Species:
A. andrachne
Binomial name
Arbutus andrachne
Arbutus andrachne range.svg
Distribution map.
Synonyms [2]
  • Andrachne frutescensEhret
  • Arbutus idaeaGand.
  • Arbutus integrifoliaLam.
  • Arbutus integrifoliaSieber ex Klotzsch
  • Arbutus lucidaSteud.
  • Arbutus serratifoliaLodd.
  • Arbutus sieberiKlotzsch

Arbutus andrachne, commonly called the Greek strawberry tree, is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the family Ericaceae, native to the Mediterranean region and the Middle East.

Contents

Description

Arbutus andrachne can reach a height of about 12 metres. The smooth bark is exfoliating during the summer, leaving a layer with a pistachio green colour, which changes gradually to an orange brown. The flowers bloom in spring and are white or yellowish green. Its fruits ripen in autumn, and when left to dry in a cool place, are eaten as sweet, chewy candy.

Taxonomy

The etymology of the species name corresponds to the Ancient Greek word ἀνδράχνη (andrákhnē), meaning "wild strawberry", [3] [4] and refers to the common name of the tree and to its fruits.

Horticulture

Arbutus andrachne was reported by Peter Collinson as having flowered first in England in Dr John Fothergill's extensive botanical garden and greenhouses at Upton House, Essex (now West Ham Park), in 1765. [5]

Hybrids

Uses

According to a research study published in 2017, the fruit's antioxidants contain a variety of chemicals that have a defensive effect against memory impairment where the antioxidants normalize the long- and short-term memory impairment caused from sleep deprivation. [9] [10]

In culture

A book about travel in the Middle East states of 15th-century travel writer Bertrandon de la Broquière:

On leaving Bursa ... There was on the road a small tree bearing a fruit somewhat bigger than our largest cherries, and of the shape and taste of strawberries, but a little acid. It is pleasant to eat; but, if a great quantity be eaten, it mounts to the head, and intoxicates. It is ripe in November and December." Editor's footnote: "From the description, it seems to be the arbutus Andrachne. [11]

The tree appears to exist in Dibbeen Forest Reserve in Jordan with its distinctive reddish bark that appears more red during and immediately after rain. Locals confirm that the fruits have narcotic-like effect.[ citation needed ] The fruits are reddish and sweet but taste more like figs.[ citation needed ]

References

  1. ↑  Species was first described and published in Systema Naturae , ed. 10. 2: 1024. 1759. "Plant Name Details for Arbutus andrachne". IPNI . Retrieved August 5, 2010. in monte Pentelico Atticae
  2. ↑ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species" . Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  3. ↑ Bailly, Anatole (1981-01-01). Abrégé du dictionnaire grec français. Paris: Hachette. ISBN   978-2010035289. OCLC   461974285.
  4. ↑ Bailly, Anatole. "Greek-french dictionary online". www.tabularium.be. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
  5. ↑ Ann Leighton, American Gardens in the Eighteenth Century: 'For Use or Delight' , 1976:395; Leighton misidentifies it with Arbutus unedo; Georg Dionysius Ehret, "A description of the Andrachne" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society57 (1767)
  6. 1 2 3 Filippi, Olivier (2007). Pour un jardin sans arrosage (For a garden without irrigation) (in French). Arles: Actes Sud. p. 80. ISBN   978-2-7427-6730-4.
  7. ↑ Bertsouklis, Konstantinos Fotios; Papafotiou, Maria (2016-12-14). "Morphometric and Molecular Analysis of the Three Arbutus Species of Greece". Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 44 (2): 423–430. Bibcode:2016NBHAC..44..423B. doi: 10.15835/nbha44210572 . ISSN   1842-4309.
  8. ↑ Ducatillon, Catherine; Bellanger, Richard; Charron, Tristan; Chevallier, Joelle; Heinz, Christine; Marchal, Cecilia; Mellerin, Yannick; Caraglio, Yves; Ameglio, Thierry (2018), "Study of the adaptability of trees to drought:phenological monitoring of assisted growth sensors, in the Botanical Garden of Villa Thuret", Proceedings of the EuroGard VII Congress, vol. VII, EUROGARD, pp. 322–331, retrieved 2020-03-23
  9. ↑ Alzoubi, Karem H.; Malkawi, Bayan S.; Khabour, Omar F.; El-Elimat, Tamam; Alali, Feras Q. (2017-01-18). "Arbutus andrachne L. Reverses Sleep Deprivation-Induced Memory Impairments in Rats". Molecular Neurobiology. 55 (2): 1150–1156. doi:10.1007/s12035-017-0387-8. PMID   28101814. S2CID   3425930.
  10. ↑ Bertsouklis, Konstantinos F.; Daskalakis, Ioannis; Biniari, Katerina; Papafotiou, Maria (2021-02-15). "Comparative study of polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity in fruits of Arbutus unedo, A. andrachne and their natural hybrid A.× andrachnoides". Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 49 (1): 12165. Bibcode:2021NBHAC..4912165B. doi: 10.15835/nbha49112165 . ISSN   1842-4309. S2CID   233932055.
  11. ↑ Wright, Thomas, ed. (1848). "The travels of Bertrandon de la Brocquière". Early Travels in Palestine, comprising the narratives of Arculf, Willibald, Bernard, Saewulf, Sigurd, Benjamin of Tudela, de la Brocquière, Sir John Maundeville and Maundrel. p. 333.


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