Babuyan Claro Volcano

Babuyan Claro Volcano
Babuyan Claro Volcano
Mount Pangasun
Highest point
Elevation	1,007 m (3,304 ft)
Prominence	1,007 m (3,304 ft)
Listing	Active volcanoes in the Philippines
Coordinates	19°31′24″N121°56′24″E / 19.52333°N 121.94000°E
Geography
	Babuyan Claro Babuyan Claro
Country	Philippines
Region	Cagayan Valley
Province	Cagayan
City/municipality	Calayan
Geology
Rock age	2.32+/-0.35 Ma – 1480+/-50 B.P
Mountain type	Stratovolcano
Volcanic arc	Babuyan (Bashi) Segment of Luzon-Taiwan Arc
Last eruption	1924

Last updated January 15, 2025

Babuyan Claro Volcano, also known as Mount Pangasun, is an active volcano located on Babuyan Island, the northernmost of the Babuyan group of islands in Luzon Strait, north of the main island of Luzon in the Philippines. It is classified as one of the active volcanoes of the country with the last confirmed eruption in 1860.^[2]

Physical features

Babuyan Claro is a stratovolcano with an elevation of 843 meters (2,766 ft) and a base diameter of about 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) located in the center of Babuyan Island (also referred to as Babuyan Claro Island).^[1]^[3] It has four morphologically-fresh volcanic edifices: Mt. Cayonan in the south, Mt. Naydi and Mt. Dionisio in the southeast. Babuyan Claro has two very well-preserved craters 300 and 400 meters (980 and 1,310 ft) in diameter.^[2]

The Askedna Hot Spring is located at the southern basal slope of Babuyan Claro. It has a temperature range of 44.6 to 50.2 °C (112.3 to 122.4 °F). The water is slightly acidic and the silica content is relatively high since the spring flows directly from lava flow deposits. The spring water can be classified as near-neutral sodium chloride brine.^[1]

Eruptions

Babuyan Claro has one confirmed historical eruption: in 1860. Eruptions on Babuyan Claro is determined as probably strombolian or phreatomagmatic by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology.^[1]

Three eruptions were originally attributed to Babuyan Claro: in 1813, 1913, and 1917. Later research concluded there was no 1831 eruption at Babuyan Claro; changes in climate of that year were reattributed to an eruption of Zavaritski Caldera.^[4] The eruption on 1913 is listed as uncertain^[5] by the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution while the 1917 eruption is confirmed as an eruption of Smith Volcano.

Recent reported activity

In July 1993, there were reports of earthquakes and alleged drying up of vegetation at the upper slopes and summit area of the volcano but volcanologists said the earthquakes were of tectonic in origin and there was no significant change in the volcanic activity.^[1]

In February 2004, there were reports of grayish steam clouds hovering above the summit but volcanologists from PHIVOLCS said the seismic swarm was of tectonic origin and the steaming activity was only wispy to weak.^[1]

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References

1 2 3 4 5 6 "Babuyan Claro". Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS). Archived from the original on December 30, 2013. Retrieved December 26, 2013.
1 2 3 "Babuyan Claro". Global Volcanism Program . Smithsonian Institution . Retrieved December 30, 2009.
↑ Base diameter measured using Google Earth as the data at PHIVOLCS is incorrect at 0.820 meters (2 ft 8.3 in).
↑ Hutchison, William; Sugden, Patrick; Burke, Andrea; Abbott, Peter; Ponomareva, Vera V.; et al. (January 7, 2025). "The 1831 CE mystery eruption identified as Zavaritskii caldera, Simushir Island (Kurils)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122 (1): e2416699122. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2416699122 . Retrieved January 5, 2025.
↑ Garrison, Christopher S.; Kilburn, Christopher R. J.; Edwards, Stephen J. (September 5, 2018). "The 1831 eruption of Babuyan Claro that never happened: has the source of one of the largest volcanic climate forcing events of the nineteenth century been misattributed?". Journal of Applied Volcanology. 7 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 8. Bibcode:2018JApV....7....8G. doi: 10.1186/s13617-018-0078-9 . ISSN 2191-5040. S2CID 52222449.

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[phivolcs-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Babuyan Claro". Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS). Archived from the original on December 30, 2013. Retrieved December 26, 2013.

[gvp-2] 1 2 3 "Babuyan Claro". Global Volcanism Program . Smithsonian Institution . Retrieved December 30, 2009.

[3] Base diameter measured using Google Earth as the data at PHIVOLCS is incorrect at 0.820 meters (2 ft 8.3 in).

[4] Hutchison, William; Sugden, Patrick; Burke, Andrea; Abbott, Peter; Ponomareva, Vera V.; et al. (January 7, 2025). "The 1831 CE mystery eruption identified as Zavaritskii caldera, Simushir Island (Kurils)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122 (1): e2416699122. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2416699122 . Retrieved January 5, 2025.

[Garrison_Kilburn_Edwards_2018-5] Garrison, Christopher S.; Kilburn, Christopher R. J.; Edwards, Stephen J. (September 5, 2018). "The 1831 eruption of Babuyan Claro that never happened: has the source of one of the largest volcanic climate forcing events of the nineteenth century been misattributed?". Journal of Applied Volcanology. 7 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 8. Bibcode:2018JApV....7....8G. doi: 10.1186/s13617-018-0078-9 . ISSN 2191-5040. S2CID 52222449.

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