Bowling Tunnel

Bowling Tunnel
Bowling Tunnel south portal
Overview
Line	Calder Valley line
Location	Bowling, Bradford, West Yorkshire, England
Coordinates	53°46′12″N1°44′53″W / 53.770°N 1.748°W / 53.770; -1.748
Status	Open
Operation
Opened	9 May 1850
Owner	Network Rail
Traffic	Passenger
Technical
Design engineer	John Hawkshaw
Length	1,648 yards (1,507 m)
No. of tracks	2
Track gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Grade	1-in-400 (northwards)
Route map
v t e Calder Valley line Legend Cross Country Route to York Leeds Central Leeds Airedale line Holbeck Leeds Hunslet Lane Hunslet Woodlesford Methley North Methley Junction Methley South to Glasshoughton to Castleford Altofts Cross Country Route to Sheffield Armley Moor Normanton Bramley Huddersfield line to Dewsbury Stanningley Midland Main Line Pontefract line New Pudsey Wakefield Kirkgate Shipley and Windhill line Pudsey loop to Wakefield Westgate and Leeds Laisterdyke West Riding & Grimsby Railway Horbury Junction Bradford Adolphus Street Horbury Millfield Road Hallam Line St Dunstans Bowling Bradford Interchange Horbury & Ossett Queensbury lines Healey Mills Marshalling Yard Bowling Junction Bowling Tunnel Dewsbury Market Place to Dudley Hill Thornhill Low Moor Huddersfield line to Leeds Spen Valley Line Wyke Tunnel Mirfield Cooper Bridge Wyke and Norwood Green Pickle Bridge line Huddersfield line Manchester via Standedge Lightcliffe Brighouse Hipperholme Elland Halifax and Ovenden Junction Railway Stainland branch Halifax Greetland Copley Sowerby Bridge Rishworth branch Luddendenfoot Mytholmroyd Hebden Bridge Eastwood Stansfield Hall Cornholme Todmorden Portsmouth Holme Walsden Towneley Summit Tunnel Burnley Manchester Road Littleborough Smithy Bridge East Lancashire line Rochdale–Bacup line Oldham Loop line Rochdale Castleton East Lancashire Railway Middleton Mills Hill Oldham Branch Railway Middleton Junction Moston Newton Heath Oldham Loop line Huddersfield line Miles Platting Cheetham Hill, 1:47 gradient Manchester Oldham Road To Bury Manchester Victoria Manchester Metrolink | Manchester–Preston line Manchester–Southport line Liverpool–Manchester lines Ordsall Chord

Bowling Tunnel is a railway Tunnel on the Calder Valley line, south of Bradford in West Yorkshire, England. The Tunnel was completed in 1850 after some difficulty in construction, and allowed trains from the south to access the second railway terminus in the town of Bradford. The Tunnel remains open to railway traffic with trains between Halifax and Bradford Interchange using it.

History

A tunnel through the hill at Bowling was first suggested for a line linking Leeds with Bradford in 1843. George Stephenson advised against this line due to the presence of old coal workings in the hill, which would hinder progress and allow water ingress from old mines. ^[1] A line between Halifax and Bradford, as part of the Manchester & Leeds Railway, was proposed in 1840s and by the time the line was built, it was under the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway. ^[2]

The contractors for the tunnel, John Moulson & Son, were based at Bowling, ^[3] and during the construction process, over 3,424,000 cubic feet (97,000 m³) of earth had been removed with ten shafts built downwards to dig the tunnel out. ^{[4] [5]} The tunnel was completed on 22 March 1850, and three shafts were left in-situ to help vent steam from the tunnel, the deepest shaft being 65 feet (20 m) deep. ^[6] Two deaths were attributed to the building of the tunnel, with the local press marvelling that more were not killed, such was the undertaking. ^[5] The engineer for the project was John Hawkshaw. ^[4]

On 19 April 1850, the government inspector travelled over the line through the tunnel and he approved the construction for opening on 1 May 1850, ^[7] The first revenue earning traffic through the tunnel to Bradford Drake Street (later renamed Exchange), did not go through until 9 May 1850. Until the tunnel was opened, railway traffic terminated at Low Moor, and passengers were conveyed to Bradford in a horse-drawn carriage. One statistic that emerged at the time was that the tunnel was long enough to hold over 128,000 people, which is more than the number of people that lived in Bradford at that time. ^[5] Just outside of the northern portal, was the Bowling Junction station, which provided access to the Leeds, Bradford and Halifax's railway line to Leeds via Stanningley. ^[8] The station closed in December 1951 and the line remained open for trains avoiding the reversal at Bradford Interchange until September 1985. It became a long siding to Bowling Junction with no access to Laisterdyke railway station at its eastern end. ^{[9] [10]}

The tunnel is 1,648 yards (1,507 m) (or 73 chains (4,800 ft; 1,500 m)) long and is orientated in a north–south direction. ^{[11] [12]} The gradient in the tunnel falls at 1-in-400 northwards, towards Bradford Interchange station. ^[13] In 1973, the M606 motorway was opened, which has its terminal roundabout on top of Bowling Tunnel. ^{[14] [15]}

Accidents

• 6 May 1859 – a train ran into the back another some 200 yards (180 m) from the south tunnel mouth (listed as west in the accident report). ^{[16] [17]}
• 7 March 1867 – a Bradford to Huddersfield train broke down in the tunnel, and a following train, from Leeds to Manchester, was incorrectly allowed to proceed into the tunnel. The guard of the stranded train managed to shout a warning, however a collision took place driving the stationary train forward some 80 yards (73 m). The driver of the first train died – he had been under his engine trying to repair it, and a passenger died four days later from his injuries. There were at least another 22 people with varying degrees of injury. ^[18] The signalman at the Bowling end of the tunnel was found to have been derelict in his duty in allowing the second train into the tunnel. ^[19]
• 24 October 1901 – the rear 16 wagons of a goods train travelling north through the tunnel, broke free, and remained in the tunnel. The static wagons were struck from behind by the following goods train, which pushed two wagons onto the opposite line, which were struck by a passenger train to Manchester. There were no casualties. ^[20]

References

1. "Railway communications with Bradford". Bradford Observer. No. 505. Column C. 9 November 1843. p. 4. OCLC   17641939.
2. Bairstow, Martin (2001). The Manchester & Leeds Railway : the Calder Valley line. Leeds: Martin Bairstow. p. 28. ISBN   1871944228.
3. Cudworth, William (1891). Histories of Bolton and Bowling. Bradford: T. Brear & Co. p. 260. OCLC   05836599.
4. "Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway". Bradford Observer. No. 744. 7 September 1848. p. 5. OCLC   17641939.
5. "Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway". Bradford Observer. No. 847. 16 May 1850. p. 8. OCLC   17641939.
6. "Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway". Bradford Observer. No. 846. Column D. 9 May 1850. p. 5. OCLC   17641939.
7. Delane, John Thadeus, ed. (22 April 1850). "Railway intelligence - Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway". The Times. No. 20469. Column E. p. 8. ISSN   0140-0460.
8. "Railway Intelligence". The Times. No. 21047. Column D. 25 February 1852. p. 8. ISSN   0140-0460.
9. Burgess, Neil (2014). The lost railways of Yorkshire's West Riding. The central section : Bradford, Halifax, Huddersfield, Leeds, Wakefield. Catrine: Stenlake. p. 92. ISBN   9781840336573.
10. Bairstow, Martin (1999). Great Northern railway in the West Riding. Farsley: Bairstow. pp. 15, 94. ISBN   1-871944-19-8.
11. Kelman, Leanne (2020). Brailsford, Martyn (ed.). Railway Track Diagrams; Book 2 - Eastern. Frome: Trackmaps. 41. ISBN   978-1-9996271-3-3.
12. Joy 1984, p. 79.
13. Pixton, Bob (2012). Manchester to Leeds. Hersham: Ian Allan. p. 62. ISBN   978-0711035232.
14. Sims, Frank Alexander (2009). "4: England - North Eastern". In McCoubrey, William James (ed.). The motorway achievement. London: Thomas Telford. p. 226. ISBN   978-0-7277-3198-2.
15. "Bowling". maps.nls.uk. Retrieved 29 March 2022. Use the slider to toggle between older mapping and satellite imagery
16. "Accident Returns: Extract for the Accident at Bowling Tunnel on 6th May 1859 :: The Railways Archive". www.railwaysarchive.co.uk. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
17. Delane, John Thadeus, ed. (13 September 1859). "Reports On Railway Accidents". The Times. No. 23410. Column B. p. 5. ISSN   0140-0460.
18. "Accident Returns: Extract for the Accident at Bowling Tunnel on 7th March 1867" (PDF). railwaysarchive.co.uk. p. 18. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
19. Delane, John Thadeus, ed. (9 March 1867). "Collision in a railway tunnel". The Times. No. 25754. Column E. p. 12. ISSN   0140-0460.
20. "Accident Returns: Extract for the Accident at Bowling Tunnel on 24th October 1901 :: The Railways Archive". www.railwaysarchive.co.uk. Retrieved 29 March 2022.

Sources

• Joy, David (1984). South and West Yorkshire : (the industrial West Riding) (2 ed.). Newton Abbot: David St John Thomas. ISBN   0946537119.