Bribe Payers Index

Last updated

Bribe Payers Index (BPI) is a measure of how willing a nation's multinational corporations appear to engage in corrupt business practices. [1] The first BPI was published by Transparency International on October 26, 1999, and the last one in 2011. [2] [3] Spokesperson Shubham Kaushik said the organization "decided to discontinue the survey due to funding issues and to focus on issues that are more in line with our advocacy goals". [4]

Contents

The BPI 2011

Methodology

The BPI 2011 ranked 28 of the leading exporting countries on the likelihood their multinational businesses will use bribes when operating abroad. The ranking is calculated from responses by businesses to two questions on the World Economic Forum’s Executive Opinion Survey.

The first question asks for the country of origin of foreign-owned companies doing the most business in their country. The second question is: "In your experience, to what extent do firms from the countries you have selected make undocumented extra payments or bribes?" Answers are to be given on a scale of 1 (bribes are common or even mandatory) to 10 (bribes are unknown).

The BPI ranking is the averaged score, with higher scores suggesting a lower likelihood of using bribery.

These countries were selected as the leading international or regional exporting countries. Their combined global exports represented 75 percent of the world total in 2006. [5] Countries that had paid the less bribes have a higher BPI.

BPI 2011 rankings

RankCountry/TerritoryAverage score [6]
1Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 8.9
2Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 8.8
2Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 8.8
4Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 8.7
5Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 8.6
6Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 8.5
6Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 8.4
8Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 8.3
8Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 8.3
10Flag of the United States.svg  United States 8.1
11Flag of France.svg  France 8.0
11Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 8.0
13Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 7.9
14Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 7.7
15Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong 7.6
15Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 7.6
15Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 7.6
15Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 7.6
19Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan 7.5
19Flag of India.svg  India 7.5
19Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 7.5
22Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 7.4
23Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 7.3
23Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 7.3
25Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 7.1
26Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 7.0
27Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 6.5
28Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 6.1

See also

Footnotes

  1. Baughn, Christopher; Bodie, Nancy L.; Buchanan, Mark A.; Bixby, Michael B. (2010). "Bribery in International Business Transactions". Journal of Business Ethics. 92 (1): 15–32. doi:10.1007/s10551-009-0136-7. ISSN   0167-4544. JSTOR   25621541. S2CID   154833690.
  2. "Bribe Payers Index 2011 - Publications". Transparency.org. 2 November 2011. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
  3. Pentland, William. "World's Most Bribery-Prone Businesses". Forbes. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
  4. "Old Wall Street Journal report about corruption in Malaysia recirculates online". Fact Check. 2022-07-26. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
  5. Source: International Monetary Fund, international finance statistics, 2005 figures. Available at: http://tistats.transparency.org/index.php/content/download/39275/622457%5B%5D
  6. "Archived Document". Archived from the original on 2013-05-02. Retrieved 2015-01-15.

Sources

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Political corruption</span> Use of power by government officials for illegitimate private gain

Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials or their network contacts for illegitimate private gain.

Transparency International e.V. (TI) is a German registered association founded in 1993 by former employees of the World Bank. Based in Berlin, its nonprofit and non-governmental purpose is to take action to combat global corruption with civil societal anti-corruption measures and to prevent criminal activities arising from corruption. Its most notable publications include the Global Corruption Barometer and the Corruption Perceptions Index. Transparency International serves as an umbrella organization. From 1993 to today, its membership has grown from a few individuals to more than 100 national chapters, which engage in fighting perceived corruption in their home countries. TI is a member of G20 Think Tanks, UNESCO Consultative Status, United Nations Global Compact, Sustainable Development Solutions Network and shares the goals of peace, justice, strong institutions and partnerships of the United Nations Sustainable Development Group (UNSDG). TI is a social partner of Global Alliance in Management Education. TI confirmed the dis-accreditation of the national chapter of United States of America in 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bribery</span> Corrupt solicitation, acceptance, or transfer of value in exchange for official action

Bribery is the offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of any item of value to influence the actions of an official, or other person, in charge of a public or legal duty and to incline the individual to act contrary to their duty and the known rules of honesty and integrity. With regard to governmental operations, essentially, bribery is "Corrupt solicitation, acceptance, or transfer of value in exchange for official action."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption Perceptions Index</span> Country ranking by public sector corruption

The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) is an index that scores and ranks countries by their perceived levels of public sector corruption, as assessed by experts and business executives. The CPI generally defines corruption as an "abuse of entrusted power for private gain". The index is published annually by the non-governmental organisation Transparency International since 1995.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption</span> Dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power

Corruption is a form of dishonesty or a criminal offense which is undertaken by a person or an organization which is entrusted in a position of authority, in order to acquire illicit benefits or abuse power for one's personal gain. Corruption may involve many activities which include bribery, influence peddling and embezzlement and it may also involve practices which are legal in many countries. Political corruption occurs when an office-holder or other governmental employee acts with an official capacity for personal gain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bribery Act 2010</span> United Kingdom legislation

The Bribery Act 2010 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that covers the criminal law relating to bribery. Introduced to Parliament in the Queen's Speech in 2009 after several decades of reports and draft bills, the act received royal assent on 8 April 2010 following cross-party support. Initially scheduled to enter into force in April 2010, this was changed to 1 July 2011. The act repeals all previous statutory and common law provisions in relation to bribery, instead replacing them with the crimes of bribery, being bribed, the bribery of foreign public officials, and the failure of a commercial organisation to prevent bribery on its behalf.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Italy</span>

Corruption in Italy is a major problem. In Transparency International's annual surveys, Italy has consistently been regarded as one of the most corrupt countries in the Eurozone. Political corruption remains a major problem particularly in Lombardy, Campania and Sicily where corruption perception is at a high level. Political parties are ranked the most corrupt institution in Italy, closely followed by public officials and Parliament, according to Transparency International. But in the 2013 Global Corruption Barometer report, Italy is in 17th position in front of the United Kingdom (18th), Switzerland (21st) and the United States (22nd).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in France</span>

Corruption in France describes the prevention and occurrence of corruption in France.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Turkey</span>

Corruption in Turkey is an issue affecting the accession of Turkey to the European Union. Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index scores 180 countries according to their perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 to 100. Since the current scale was introduced in 2012, Turkey's score has fallen from its highest score of 50 (2013) to its lowest, current score of 34 (2023). When the 180 countries in the Index were ranked by their score, Turkey ranked 115 in 2023. For comparison with worldwide scores, the average score was 43, the best score was 90, and the worst score was 11. For comparison with regional scores, the highest score among Eastern European and Central Asian countries was 53, the average score was 35 and the lowest score was 18.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Sweden</span>

Corruption in Sweden has been defined as "the abuse of power" by Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention (Brå). By receiving bribes, bribe takers abuse their position of power, which is consistent with how the National Anti-Corruption Unit of the Swedish Prosecution Authority specifies the term. Although bribes and improper rewards are central in the definition of corruption in Sweden, corruption in the sense of "abuse of power" can also manifest itself in other crimes such as misuse of office, embezzlement, fraud and breach of trust against a principal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Switzerland</span>

Corruption in Switzerland describes the prevention and occurrence of corruption in Switzerland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Latvia</span>

Corruption in Latvia is examined on this page.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Portugal</span>

In 2013, a report by Transparency International revealed that political parties, Parliament, the judiciary and the military are the most corrupt institutions in Portugal. Transparency International's 2022 Corruption Perceptions Index ranks the country in 33rd place out of 180 countries in the Index.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Germany</span>

Transparency International's 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index scored Germany at 78 on a scale from 0 to 100. When ranked by score, Germany ranked 9th among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. For comparison with worldwide scores, the best score was 90, the average score was 43, and the worst score was 11. For comparison with regional scores, the highest score among Western European and European Union countries was 90, the average score was 65 and the lowest score was 42.

The Global Corruption Barometer published by Transparency International is the largest survey in the world tracking public opinion on corruption. It surveys 114,000 people in 107 countries on their view of corruption.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Singapore</span>

The Republic of Singapore is generally perceived as one of the least corrupt countries in the world. Cases are mostly handled by the Singapore Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB), a government agency in Singapore that investigates and prosecutes corruption in the public and private sectors. According to a Transparency International survey, an overwhelming majority of people in Singapore do not hear cases of corruption by public officials or institutions through media in their lifetime. In 2020, Singapore's public sector was ranked by Transparency International as the fourth least corrupt in the world and the most transparent in Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Myanmar</span>

Corruption in Myanmar is among the worst in the world. Owing to failures in regulation and enforcement, corruption flourishes in every sector of government and business. Many foreign businesspeople consider corruption "a serious barrier to investment and trade in Myanmar." A U.N. survey in May 2014 concluded that corruption is the greatest hindrance for business in Myanmar. The ongoing civil war has significantly set back anti-corruption efforts, exacerbating the problem.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Tajikistan</span>

Corruption in Tajikistan is a widespread phenomenon that is found in all spheres of Tajik society. The situation is essentially similar to that in the other former Soviet republics of Central Asia. Reliable specifics about corruption can be difficult to come by, however, as can hard information about the effectiveness of supposed anti-corruption initiatives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corruption in Turkmenistan</span>

Corruption in Turkmenistan is a widespread issue, with Turkmenistan being ranked as 11th most corrupt country by the 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index.

Anti-corruption comprises activities that oppose or inhibit corruption. Just as corruption takes many forms, anti-corruption efforts vary in scope and in strategy. A general distinction between preventive and reactive measures is sometimes drawn. In such framework, investigative authorities and their attempts to unveil corrupt practices would be considered reactive, while education on the negative impact of corruption, or firm-internal compliance programs are classified as the former.