Censorship by country

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Censorship by country collects information on censorship, Internet censorship, freedom of the press, freedom of speech, and human rights by country and presents it in a sortable table, together with links to articles with more information. In addition to countries, the table includes information on former countries, disputed countries, political sub-units within countries, and regional organizations.

Contents

Table

Key
Freedom House (FH) Freedom of the Press report: [1] 10 is most free, 99 is least free
10 to 30Free
31 to 60Partly free
61 to 99Not free
Not rated
Reporters Without Borders (RWB) Press freedom index: [2] 6 is most free, 85 is least free
  6.00 to 12.99Good situation
13.00 to 24.99Satisfactory situation
25.00 to 36.49Noticeable problems
 36.50 to 55.29Difficult situation
 55.30 to 85     Very serious situation
Not rated
OpenNet Initiative (ONI) classifications: [3] [4]
neNo evidence of filtering
susFiltering suspected, but unconfirmed
selSelective filtering observed
subSubstantial filtering observed
perPervasive filtering observed
ndNo data (does not indicate no censorship or no filtering)
Not classified
More information links:
c Link to Censorship in country article
i Link to Internet censorship in country article
p Link to Freedom of the press or Freedom of speech in country article
h Link to Human rights in country article


Country


Region
FH
Free
press
report
[1]
RWB Press
freedom
index
[2]
ONI
political
filtering
[3]
ONI
social
filtering
[3] [4]
ONI
security
filtering
[3]
ONI
tools
filtering
[3]

More
info


Notes
Flag of the Taliban.svg  Afghanistan Asia7437.36nenenene i   h
Flag of Albania.svg  Albania Europe5130.88 i   h
Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria Africa6236.54nenenene c   i   h
Flag of Andorra.svg  Andorra Europe136.82 h
Flag of Angola.svg  Angola Africa6737.8 i   h
Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg  Antigua and Barbuda NAmerica38See OECS
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina SAmerica5025.67 i   h
Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia Eurasia6528.04subselselsel i   h
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia Oceania2115.24nenenene c   i   p   h
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria Europe219.4 i   h
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan Eurasia8047.73selselnene i   h
Flag of the Bahamas.svg  Bahamas NAmerica20 i  
Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain Asia8462.75perperselsub i   h
Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh Asia5242.01nenenene c   i   h
Flag of Barbados.svg  Barbados NAmerica19
Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus Europe9348.35selselselsel c   i   h
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium Europe1112.94 i   h
Flag of Belize.svg  Belize NAmerica21 i  
Flag of Benin.svg  Benin Africa3428.33 h
Flag of Bhutan.svg  Bhutan Asia5828.42 c   i   h
Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg  Bolivia SAmerica4732.8 i   h
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe4826.86 i  
Flag of Botswana.svg  Botswana Africa4022.91 i   h
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil SAmerica4432.75 i   h
Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei Asia7535.45
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria Europe3628.58 i   h
Flag of Burkina Faso.svg  Burkina Faso Africa4223.7 i   h
Flag of Burundi.svg  Burundi Africa7238.02 i   h
Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia Asia6341.81 i   h
Flag of Cameroon.svg  Cameroon Africa6834.78 i   h
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada NAmerica1912.69nenenene c   i   p   h
Flag of Cape Verde.svg  Cape Verde Africa2714.33 h
Flag of the Central African Republic.svg  Central African Republic Africa6226.61 i   h
Flag of Chad.svg  Chad Africa7534.87 i   h
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile SAmerica3126.24 i   h
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Asia8573.07persubpersub c   i   p   h
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia SAmerica5537.48neselnene i   h
Flag of the Comoros.svg  Comoros Africa4824.52 h
Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  Congo, Democratic Republic of the Africa8341.66 i   h
Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg  Congo, Republic of the Africa5528.2 i   h
Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica NAmerica1912.08 i  
Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Côte d'Ivoire Africa7029.77 i  also known as the Ivory Coast
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia Europe4026.61nenenene i   h
Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba NAmerica9171.64ndndndnd c   i   p   h
Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus Europe2213.83 i   h see also Northern Cyprus
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic Europe1910.17 i  
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark Europe127.08nenenene c   i   p  
Flag of Djibouti.svg  Djibouti Africa7467.4
Flag of Dominica.svg  Dominica NAmerica23See OECS
Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic NAmerica4128.34 i  
Flag of East Timor.svg  East Timor Asia3528.72 i  also known as Timor-Leste
Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador SAmerica5834.69 i  
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt Africa5748.66nenenene i   h
Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador NAmerica4022.86 i   h
Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg  Equatorial Guinea Africa9167.2 i   h
Flag of Eritrea.svg  Eritrea Africa9484.83 i   h
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia Europe189.26 i   h
Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia Africa8139.57perneselsel i   h
Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji Oceania5832.69 i  
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland Europe106.38nenenene c   i   h
Flag of France.svg  France Europe2421.6nenenene c   i   p   h
Flag of Gabon.svg  Gabon Africa7028.69 i  
Flag of The Gambia.svg  Gambia Africa8145.09 i  
Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia Eurasia5230.09selneselne i   h
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany Europe1710.24nenenene c   i   p   h See Internet censorship in Germany
Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana Africa2817.27 i   h
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece Europe3028.46 i   h
Flag of Greenland.svg  Greenland NAmerica i  See Internet censorship in Denmark
Flag of Grenada.svg  Grenada NAmerica24See OECS
Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala NAmerica6029.39nenenene i  
Flag of Guinea.svg  Guinea Africa6228.49 i  
Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg  Guinea-Bissau Africa5728.94 i  
Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana SAmerica3327.08 i  
Flag of Haiti.svg  Haiti NAmerica5024.09 i   h
Flag of Honduras.svg  Honduras NAmerica6236.92 i   h
Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong Asia3326.16 c   i   h part of China, but largely self-governing, with its own censorship policies.
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary Europe3626.09nenenene i  
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland Europe148.49 i   h
Flag of India.svg  India Asia3741.22selselselsel c   i   p   h
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia Asia4941.05selsubnesel c   i   p   h
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran Asia9273.4perpersubper c   i   p   h
Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq Asia6944.67nenenene c   i   h
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland Europe1610.06 c   i   p  
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel Asia3032.97nenenene c   h
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy Europe3326.11neselnene c   i   p  
Flag of Jamaica.svg  Jamaica NAmerica189.88 i  
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Asia2225.17 c   i   p   h
Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan Asia6338.47selnenene i   h
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan Eurasia8155.08selselnene i   h
Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya Africa5227.8 i   h
Flag of Kiribati.svg  Kiribati Oceania27
Flag of Kosovo.svg  Kosovo Europe4928.47
Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait Asia5728.28selperselper i   h
Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg  Kyrgyzstan Asia6932.2selselnene i   h
Flag of Laos.svg  Laos Asia8467.99nenenene i   h
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia Europe2722.89nenenene i   h
Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon Asia5130.15nenenene i   h
Flag of Lesotho.svg  Lesotho Africa4928.36 i  
Flag of Liberia.svg  Liberia Africa6029.89 i   h
Flag of Libya.svg  Libya Africa6037.86selnenene i   p   h
Flag of Liechtenstein.svg  Liechtenstein Europe147.35 h
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania Europe2318.24 i  
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg Europe126.68
Flag of North Macedonia.svg  Macedonia Europe5434.27 i   h
Flag of Madagascar.svg  Madagascar Africa6328.62 i   h
Flag of Malawi.svg  Malawi Africa6028.18 i   h
Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia Asia6342.73nenenene c   i   p   h
Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives Asia5131.1 c  
Flag of Mali.svg  Mali Africa2430.03 i   h
Flag of Malta.svg  Malta Europe2223.3
Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg  Marshall Islands Oceania17
Flag of Mauritania.svg  Mauritania Africa5226.76selnenene i   h
Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius Africa2926.47
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico NAmerica6245.3nenenene i   h
Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg  Micronesia Oceania21
Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova Europe5426.01selnenene i   h
Flag of Monaco.svg  Monaco Europe16
Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia Asia3729.93 i   h
Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro Europe3532.97 i  
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco Africa6839.04neselselsel i   h
Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique Africa4328.01 i  
Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar Asia8544.71selsubnesel c   i   h Also known as Burma. Beginning in September 2012 the government began to relax its censorship policies. [5]
Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia Africa3212.5 i  
Flag of Nauru.svg  Nauru Oceania28 h
Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal Asia5534.61nenenene i   h
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands Europe126.48 i   h
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand Oceania178.38 c   i   h
Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua NAmerica4928.31 i  
Flag of Niger.svg  Niger Africa4923.08 i   h
Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria Africa5034.11nenenene i   h
Flag of North Korea.svg  North Korea Asia9783.9ndndndnd c   i   h
Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg  Northern Cyprus Europe29.34 i   h see also Cyprus
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway Europe106.52nenenene i   p  
Flag of Oman.svg  Oman Asia7141.51selpernesub i   h
Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States NAmerica19.72
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan Asia6351.31selselsubsel c   i   p   h
Flag of Palau.svg  Palau Oceania16
Flag of Palestine.svg  Palestinian territories Asia8343.09nesubnene i   h Gaza and the West Bank
Flag of Panama.svg  Panama NAmerica4632.95 i  
Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea Oceania2722.97 i  
Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay SAmerica6028.78 i   h Situation changing following June 2012 parliamentary coup
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru SAmerica4431.87nenenene i   h
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines Asia4243.11nenenene c   h
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland Europe2513.11 c   i   h
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal Europe1716.75 c   i  
Flag of Puerto Rico.svg  Puerto Rico NAmerica i  See Internet censorship in the United States
Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar Asia6732.86selperselper i   h
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania Europe4123.05nenenene c   i   h
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Eurasia8043.42selselnene c   i   p   h See also Censorship in the Soviet Union
Flag of Rwanda.svg  Rwanda Africa8255.46 i   h
Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg  Saint Kitts and Nevis NAmerica20See OECS
Flag of Saint Lucia.svg  Saint Lucia NAmerica15See OECS
Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines NAmerica17See OECS
Flag of Samoa.svg  Samoa Oceania2923.84 c  
Flag of San Marino.svg  San Marino Europe17
Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg  São Tomé and Príncipe Africa29 h
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia Asia8456.88subperselper c   i   p   h
Flag of Senegal.svg  Senegal Africa5526.19 i  
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia Europe3526.59 i   h
Flag of Seychelles.svg  Seychelles Africa5629.19
Flag of Sierra Leone.svg  Sierra Leone Africa4926.35 i   h
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore Asia6743.43neselnene c   i   h
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia Europe2113.25 i  
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia Europe2520.49 i  
Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg  Solomon Islands Oceania28
Flag of Somalia.svg  Somalia Africa8473.59 c   i   h
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa Africa3424.56 i   h
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea Asia3224.48neselperne c   i   p   h
Flag of South Sudan.svg  South Sudan Africa5936.2
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain Europe2420.5 c   i   p   h
Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka Asia7256.59nenenene c   h
Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan Africa7870.06selsubnesub i   p   h
Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname SAmerica2318.19 i  
Flag of Eswatini.svg  Swaziland Africa7646.76 i   h
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden Europe109.23nenenene c   i   p  
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland Europe129.94 i   h
Flag of Syria.svg  Syria Asia8978.53perselselper i   h
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan Asia2523.82 c   i   h Republic of China
Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan Asia7935.71selnenene i   h
Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania Africa4927.34 i  
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand Asia6038.6selselnesel c   i   h
Flag of East Timor.svg  Timor-Leste Asia3528.72also known as East Timor
Flag of Togo.svg  Togo Africa6928.45 i   h
Flag of Tonga.svg  Tonga Oceania2926.7
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago NAmerica2523.12 i  
Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia Africa5139.93nenenene c   i  
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey Eurasia5546.56selselnesel c   i   h
Flag of Turkmenistan.svg  Turkmenistan Asia9679.14perselselsel i   h
Flag of Tuvalu.svg  Tuvalu Oceania26
Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda Africa5731.69nenenene i   h
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine Europe5936.79nenenene i   p   h
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates Asia7233.49subperselper i   h
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom Europe2116.89nenenene c   i   p   h
Flag of the United States.svg  United States NAmerica1818.22nenenene c   i   p   h
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay SAmerica2615.92 i  
Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan Asia9560.39perselselsel i   h
Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu Oceania26
Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela SAmerica7634.44nenenene c   i   h
Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam Asia8471.78perselselsub i   h
Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg  Western Sahara Africa i   h A territory disputed between Morocco and the Polisario Front. See also: Morocco entry in this table .
Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen Asia8369.22subperselsub i   h
Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia Africa6027.93 i   h
Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe Africa8038.12nenenene i   h

Maps

Freedom of the Press Report

FreedomHouse-FreedomOfThePress-WorldMap.svg
2015 Freedom of the Press Classifications [6]

Press Freedom Index

RWB-PressFreedomIndex-WorldMap.svg
2014 Press Freedom Index [7]

Internet censorship and surveillance

Internet Censorship and Surveillance World Map.svg
Internet censorship and surveillance by country (2018) [8] [3] [4]

YouTube blocking

YouTube blocking by country
Accessible, where YouTube has localization
Accessible
Currently blocked
Previously blocked YouTube world map May 2016 Update.svg

See also

Related Research Articles

Internet censorship in Tunisia significantly decreased in January 2011, following the ouster of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, as the new acting government removed filters on social networking sites such as YouTube.

Censorship in South Asia can apply to books, movies, the Internet and other media. Censorship occurs on religious, moral and political grounds, which is controversial in itself as the latter especially is seen as contrary to the tenets of democracy, in terms of freedom of speech and the right to freely criticise the government.

The OpenNet Initiative (ONI) was a joint project whose goal was to monitor and report on internet filtering and surveillance practices by nations. The project employed a number of technical means, as well as an international network of investigators, to determine the extent and nature of government-run internet filtering programs. Participating academic institutions included the Citizen Lab at the Munk Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto; Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School; the Oxford Internet Institute (OII) at University of Oxford; and, The SecDev Group, which took over from the Advanced Network Research Group at the Cambridge Security Programme, University of Cambridge.

Censorship in Tunisia has been an issue since the country gained independence in 1956. Though considered relatively mild under President Habib Bourguiba (1957–1987), censorship and other forms of repression became common under his successor, President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. Ben Ali was listed as one of the "10 Worst Enemies of the Press" by the Committee to Protect Journalists starting in 1998. Reporters Without Borders named Ben Ali as a leading "Predator of Press Freedom". However, the Tunisia Monitoring Group reports that the situation with respect to censorship has improved dramatically since the overthrow of Ben Ali in early 2011.

The Pakistani Constitution limits Censorship in Pakistan, but allows "reasonable restrictions in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of Pakistan or public order or morality". Press freedom in Pakistan is limited by official censorship that restricts critical reporting and by the high level of violence against journalists. The armed forces, the judiciary, and religion are topics that frequently attract the government's attention.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Internet in Yemen</span>

Use of the Internet in Yemen began in 1996 through the ISPs TeleYemen and the Public Telecommunications Corporation. By July 2016 6,732,928 people were Internet users.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Internet in Myanmar</span> Overview of the Internet in Myanmar

The Internet in Myanmar has been available since 2000 when the first Internet connections were established. Beginning in September 2011, historically-pervasive levels of Internet censorship in Burma were significantly reduced. Prior to September 2011, the military government worked aggressively to limit and control Internet access through software-based censorship, infrastructure and technical constraints, and laws and regulations with large fines and lengthy prison sentences for violators. In 2015, internet usage significantly increased to 12.6% with the introduction of faster mobile 3G internet by transnational telecommunication companies Telenor Myanmar and Ooredoo Myanmar, later joined by national Myanmar Post and Telecommunications (MPT). While the Internet situation in Myanmar has undergone change since its introduction in 2010 and reduction of censorship in 2011, laws such as the 2013 Telecommunications Law continue to restrict citizens from total freedom online. Despite restrictions, internet penetration continues to grow across the country.

Censorship in Myanmar results from government policies in controlling and regulating certain information, particularly on religious, ethnic, political, and moral grounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Internet censorship</span> Legal control of the internet

Internet censorship is the legal control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet. Censorship is most often applied to specific internet domains but exceptionally may extend to all Internet resources located outside the jurisdiction of the censoring state. Internet censorship may also put restrictions on what information can be made internet accessible. Organizations providing internet access – such as schools and libraries – may choose to preclude access to material that they consider undesirable, offensive, age-inappropriate or even illegal, and regard this as ethical behaviour rather than censorship. Individuals and organizations may engage in self-censorship of material they publish, for moral, religious, or business reasons, to conform to societal norms, political views, due to intimidation, or out of fear of legal or other consequences.

Internet censorship in Morocco was listed as selective in the social, conflict/security, and Internet tools areas and as no evidence in the political area by the OpenNet Initiative (ONI) in August 2009. Freedom House listed Morocco's "Internet Freedom Status" as "Partly Free" in its 2018 Freedom on the Net report.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Censorship</span> Suppression of speech or other information

Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information. This may be done on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient". Censorship can be conducted by governments, private institutions and other controlling bodies.

Internet censorship in Vietnam prevents access to websites critical of the Vietnamese government, expatriate political parties, and international human rights organizations, among others or anything the Vietnamese government does not agree with. Online police reportedly monitor Internet cafes and cyber dissidents have been imprisoned. Vietnam regulates its citizens' Internet access using both legal and technical means. The government's efforts to regulate, monitor, and provide oversight regarding Internet use has been referred to as a "Bamboo Firewall". However, citizens can usually view, comment and express their opinions civilly on the internet, as long as it does not evoke anti-government movement, political coup and disrupt the social stability of the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Freedom of speech by country</span>

Freedom of speech is the concept of the inherent human right to voice one's opinion publicly without fear of government censorship or punishment. "Speech" is not limited to public speaking and is generally taken to include other forms of expression. The right is preserved in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights and is granted formal recognition by the laws of most nations. Nonetheless, the degree to which the right is upheld in practice varies greatly from one nation to another. In many nations, particularly those with authoritarian forms of government, overt government censorship is enforced. Censorship has also been claimed to occur in other forms and there are different approaches to issues such as hate speech, obscenity, and defamation laws.

This list of Internet censorship and surveillance by country provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries around the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Internet censorship in Russia</span>

In Russia, internet censorship is enforced on the basis of several laws and through several mechanisms. Since 2012, Russia maintains a centralized internet blacklist maintained by the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media (Roskomnadzor).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Internet censorship and surveillance in Europe</span>

This list of Internet censorship and surveillance in Europe provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries in Europe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Internet censorship and surveillance in Asia</span>

This list of Internet censorship and surveillance in Asia provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries in Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Internet censorship and surveillance in the Americas</span>

This list of Internet censorship and surveillance in the Americas provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries in the Americas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Internet censorship and surveillance in Oceania</span>

This list of Internet censorship and surveillance in Oceania provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries in Oceania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Internet censorship and surveillance in Africa</span>

This list of Internet censorship and surveillance in Africa provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries in Africa.

References

  1. 1 2 "2012 Freedom of the Press Data", Freedom House, 1 May 2012
  2. 1 2 "Press Freedom Index 2013", Reporters Without Borders, 30 January 2013
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 OpenNet Initiative "Summarized global Internet filtering data spreadsheet", 29 October 2012 and "Country Profiles", the OpenNet Initiative is a collaborative partnership of the Citizen Lab at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto; the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University; and the SecDev Group, Ottawa
  4. 1 2 3 Due to legal concerns the OpenNet Initiative does not check for filtering of child pornography and because their classifications focus on technical filtering, they do not include other types of censorship.
  5. "Update on information controls in Burma", Irene Poetranto, OpenNet Initiative, 23 October 2012
  6. "Scores and Status Data 1980-2015". Freedom of the Press 2015. Freedom House . Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  7. "Press Freedom Index 2014" Archived February 14, 2014, at the Wayback Machine , Reporters Without Borders, 11 May 2014
  8. "Freedom on the Net 2018" (PDF). Freedom House. November 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.

PD-icon.svg This article incorporates public domain material from the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices". U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets . United States Department of State.{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Cc.logo.circle.svg This article incorporates licensed material from the Country Profiles, Regional Overviews, and Filtering Maps sections of the OpenNet Initiative web site. CC-BY-icon-80x15.png Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license, see the lower right corner of pages at the OpenNet Initiative web site