Captain America in film

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Poster for Captain America: The Purple Death, the first in a fifteen-part serial film released in 1944 Captain-america serial poster.jpg
Poster for Captain America: The Purple Death , the first in a fifteen-part serial film released in 1944

Captain America, a superhero created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby who appears in comic books produced by Marvel Comics, has appeared in multiple films since the character's inception in 1940. Republic Pictures released a fifteen-part Captain America serial film in 1944 that was the first film to feature a Marvel Comics character, though it deviated significantly from the comic book source material. Two made-for-TV films, Captain America and Captain America II: Death Too Soon , aired on the American broadcast television station CBS in 1979. A feature-length film directed by Albert Pyun was originally planned for a wide theatrical release in 1990, but received only a brief theatrical release in the United Kingdom before being released in the United States as a direct-to-video film.

Contents

Marvel began to produce films independently in 2005, launching a shared universe of superhero films referred to as the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). A trilogy of Captain America films written by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely and starring Chris Evans as the title character were produced as part of the MCU in the 2010s: Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), and Captain America: Civil War (2016). The character also appeared in the Avengers series of crossover films, beginning with The Avengers in 2012. A fourth MCU film starring Anthony Mackie as Captain America, Captain America: Brave New World , is slated for release in 2025.

While pre-MCU Captain America films often faced troubled productions or limited audiences, the MCU Captain America films have been critical and commercial successes. They have collectively grossed over $2.2 billion worldwide, with Civil War being the highest-grossing film of 2016. The Winter Soldier was nominated for Best Visual Effects at the Academy Awards in 2014.

Early films

Serial film (1944)

Dick Purcell as Captain America in Captain America: The Purple Death (1944) DickPurcellasCaptainAmerica.png
Dick Purcell as Captain America in Captain America: The Purple Death (1944)

In 1944, Republic Pictures released a fifteen-part serial film starring Dick Purcell as Captain America. [1] Based on the comic books published by Timely Comics – the corporate predecessor to Marvel Comics – it is the first film to feature a Marvel Comics character. [2] The serial deviates significantly from the comic book source material: the civilian identity of Captain America is district attorney Grant Gardner rather than U.S. Army private Steve Rogers, the character's superhuman enhancement origin story and Nazi villains are omitted, and the character uses a gun rather than his iconic shield. [3] Timely had little creative involvement in the film, and objected to Republic's treatment of the character. [2] Captain America was produced at a negative cost of US$222,906 (equivalent to $3,858,086in 2023), making it the most expensive serial ever produced by Republic; [4] it was additionally the final superhero serial the company ever produced. [2] It was re-released in 1953 under the title Return of Captain America. [5]

CBS made-for-TV films (1979)

In 1979, two Captain America made-for-TV films starring Reb Brown as Steve Rogers aired on the American broadcast television station CBS. [6] The first, titled Captain America, was directed by Rod Holcomb. [7] Set in the late 1970s, the film focuses on Rogers as he receives superhuman enhancement and becomes the costumed superhero Captain America, a moniker formerly used by his father during the Second World War. [7] Its sequel, Captain America II: Death Too Soon, was directed by Iván Nagy and focuses on Rogers as he rescues a scientist who is forced by a terrorist (played by Christopher Lee) to create a formula that causes rapid aging. [8] Both films were produced as part of a partnership between Marvel and CBS to adapt Marvel properties for television, which also saw the creation of The Incredible Hulk (1977–1982), The Amazing Spider-Man (1977–1979), and Dr. Strange (1978). [9] Captain America and Death Too Soon were the final works produced by the partnership; plans to spin off the films into a Captain America ongoing television series were abandoned due to low ratings. [10]

Captain America (1990)

Producers Menahem Golan and Yoram Globus of The Cannon Group purchased the film rights to Captain America in 1984, and announced their plans to create a Captain America film with Michael Winner as director that same year. [11] Production stalled due to financial troubles at Cannon; Golan left the company in 1989 and carried the rights for the character over to 21st Century Film Corporation, where he produced Captain America in 1990 with Albert Pyun as director. [11] Starring Matt Salinger as Steve Rogers, the film follows Captain America as he faces the villainous Red Skull (Scott Paulin) during the Second World War, becomes frozen in ice, and is revived decades later to face Red Skull again. [12] While originally planned for a wide theatrical release, Captain America received only a brief theatrical release in the United Kingdom in 1990, and was later released in the United States as a direct-to-video film in 1992. [11]

Marvel Cinematic Universe

Title roles

Chris Evans as Steve Rogers, filming Captain America: The Winter Soldier in 2013 Chris Evans filming Captain America in DC.jpg
Chris Evans as Steve Rogers, filming Captain America: The Winter Soldier in 2013

Captain America: The First Avenger (2011)

Marvel began developing a Captain America film in 1997, with Mark Gordon and Gary Levinsohn as producers and Larry Wilson and Leslie Bohem as scriptwriters. [13] Artisan Entertainment were brought on as financers in 2000, [14] but production was stalled by a lawsuit between Marvel and Captain America co-creator Joe Simon over the ownership of Captain America copyrights that was settled in 2003. [15] Marvel began to produce films independently in 2005, planning a shared universe of superhero films referred to as the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), [16] and hired screenwriter David Self in 2006 to write the screenplay for what would become Captain America: The First Avenger. [17] Joe Johnston was brought on to direct the film in 2008, [18] who hired Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely to rewrite the script. [19] Actor Chris Evans was cast as Steve Rogers in 2010, signing a six-picture deal with Marvel to appear in three Captain America films and three Avengers films. [20] [21] The film focuses on Rogers as he confronts the Red Skull (Hugo Weaving) during the Second World War. The First Avenger with was filmed from 2010 to 2011, [22] [23] and released in July 2011. [24]

Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014)

Markus and McFeely were hired to write a sequel to The First Avenger in mid-2011, [25] which was publicly confirmed by Marvel to be in production in April 2012. [26] George Nolfi, F. Gary Gray, and brothers Anthony and Joseph Russo were among those considered by Marvel to direct the film, [27] with the Russo brothers ultimately signed to direct in June 2012. [28] The plot of the film is broadly inspired by the Winter Soldier story arc in the Captain America comics written by Ed Brubaker, which sees Steve Rogers uncover a conspiracy involving his former partner Bucky Barnes (Sebastian Stan, reprising his role from The First Avenger), now a brainwashed assassin known as the Winter Soldier. [29] Filming took place in 2013 and 2014, [30] [31] and the film premiered in March 2014. [32] At the 2014 Academy Awards, The Winter Soldier was nominated for Best Visual Effects. [33]

Captain America: Civil War (2016)

Markus and McFeely began writing a sequel to The Winter Soldier in late 2013, [34] and the Russo brothers, Markus, McFeely, and Evans were publicly confirmed to be returning for the film in March 2014. [35] In October 2014 it was announced that Robert Downey Jr. had been cast in the film, reprising the role of Iron Man / Tony Stark that he played in the 2008 film Iron Man . [36] With the announcement of Downey's casting, Marvel confirmed that the film would adapt the comic book series Civil War by Mark Millar and Steve McNiven, which sees Captain America and Iron Man lead competing factions who respectively oppose and support efforts to regulate the actions of superheroes. [36] Filming for Civil War occurred in 2015, [37] and the film was released in April 2016. [38] Civil War was the highest-grossing film of 2016, grossing over $1.1 billion worldwide. [39]

Captain America: Brave New World (2025)

Anthony Mackie will portray Captain America in the 2025 film Captain America: Brave New World. Anthony Mackie by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg
Anthony Mackie will portray Captain America in the 2025 film Captain America: Brave New World .

Civil War was Evans' final contracted standalone film as Captain America, and concluded the trilogy of Captain America films starring the actor. [40] In 2021, Marvel released the television miniseries The Falcon and the Winter Soldier on the streaming service Disney+, which depicts the mantle of Captain America being assumed by Sam Wilson (Anthony Mackie, who first appeared as the Falcon in 2014's The Winter Soldier). [41] Falcon and the Winter Soldier head writer Malcolm Spellman and series writer Dalan Musson were confirmed to be writing a fourth Captain America film in April 2021, [42] which was formally announced in July 2022 with Mackie as star and Julius Onah as director. Announced under the title Captain America: New World Order, [43] the film was retitled Captain America: Brave New World in June 2023. [44] Filming occurred from March to June 2023, [45] [46] and Brave New World is slated for release in February 2025. [43]

Ensemble and supporting roles

The Avengers (2012)

Marvel conceived of a film based on the superhero team the Avengers in 2003, conceptualized as a crossover film featuring an ensemble cast of characters who were to be established in their own individual films. [47] [48] Casting for what would become the 2012 film The Avengers began in 2008, [49] with filming commencing in 2011. [50] The film focuses on a group of superheroes, including Evans as Steve Rogers, who are recruited by the espionage agency S.H.I.E.L.D. to thwart the Asgardian god Loki's (Tom Hiddleston) plans for global domination.

Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015)

Evans reprised the role of Captain America in the 2015 sequel to The Avengers, Avengers: Age of Ultron . [51] The film follows the Avengers as they face Ultron (James Spader), an artificial intelligence created by Avengers members Tony Stark and Bruce Banner (Mark Ruffalo) who plans to bring about world peace by causing human extinction.

Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and Avengers: Endgame (2019)

Captain America is portrayed by Evans in the sequels to Age of Ultron, Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019). [52] Winter Soldier and Civil War directors Anthony and Joseph Russo and screenwriters Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely respectively directed and wrote the films, taking over from Avengers and Age of Ultron writer-director Joss Whedon. [53] [54] Infinity War and Endgame were originally planned as a two-part film, [55] but were later separated into two distinct films that were shot back-to-back in 2017; [56] as this arrangement exceeded Evans' original six-picture deal with Marvel, the actor renegotiated his contract with the company to appear in Endgame. [21] The films follow the Avengers as they attempt to thwart the plans of Thanos (Josh Brolin) to use the Infinity Stones to exterminate half of all life in the universe.

Cameo appearances

Captain America is portrayed by Evans in cameo appearances made in the MCU films Thor: The Dark World (2013), [57] Ant-Man (2015), [58] Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), [59] and Captain Marvel (2019). [60]

Animation

Captain America has appeared in the following animated films:

Personnel

Cast and characters

Character Captain America [65] CBS films [6] Captain America [12] Marvel Cinematic Universe
Captain America Captain America II:
Death Too Soon
Captain America:
The First Avenger
Captain America:
The Winter Soldier
Captain America:
Civil War
Captain America:
Brave New World
19441979197919902011201420162025
Captain America Dick Purcell
(as Grant Gardner)
Reb Brown
(as Steve Rogers)
Matt Salinger
(as Steve Rogers)
Chris Evans
(as Steve Rogers)
Anthony Mackie
(as Sam Wilson)
Red Skull Scott Paulin Hugo Weaving
Sharon Carter Kim Gillingham Emily VanCamp
Bucky Barnes / Winter Soldier Sebastian Stan
Peggy Carter Hayley Atwell
Howard Stark Dominic Cooper John Slattery
Arnim Zola Toby Jones
Nick Fury Samuel L. Jackson
Falcon Anthony Mackie
(as Sam Wilson)
Danny Ramirez
(as Joaquin Torres)
Natasha Romanoff / Black Widow Scarlett Johansson
Brock Rumlow / Crossbones Frank Grillo
Thunderbolt Ross / Red Hulk William Hurt Harrison Ford

Crew

Occupation Captain America [65] CBS films [66] Captain America [67] Marvel Cinematic Universe
Captain America Captain America II:
Death Too Soon
Captain America:
The First Avenger
Captain America:
The Winter Soldier
Captain America:
Civil War
Captain America:
Brave New World
19441979197919902011201420162025
Director(s) Elmer Clifton
John English
Rod Holcomb Iván Nagy Albert Pyun Joe Johnston Anthony Russo
Joe Russo
Julius Onah
Producer(s)William J. O'SullivanMartin Goldstein Menahem Golan Kevin Feige Kevin Feige
Nate Moore
Executive Producer(s) Herbert J. Yates Allan Balter Stan Lee
Joseph Calamari
Alan Fine
David Maisel
Joe Johnston
Louis D'Esposito
Nigel Gostelow
Stan Lee
Alan Fine
Louis D'Esposito
Michael Grillo
Stan Lee
Victoria Alonso
Alan Fine
Louis D'Esposito
Nate Moore
Patricia Whitcher
Stan Lee
Victoria Alonso
Louis D'Esposito Charles Newirth Anthony Mackie
Writer(s)Royal K. Cole
Ronald Davidson
Basil Dickey
Jesse Duffy
Harry Fraser
Grant Nelson
Joseph Poland
Don Ingalls Wilton Schiller Stephen Tolkin Christopher Markus
Stephen McFeely
Malcolm Spellman
Dalan Musson
Matthew Orton
Composer(s) Mort Glickman Pete Carpenter
Mike Post
Barry Goldberg Alan Silvestri Henry Jackman Laura Karpman
Editor(s) Wallace Grissell
Earl Turner
Michael S. Murphy Jon Poll Jeffrey Ford
Robert Dalva
Jeffrey Ford
Matthew Schmidt
Matthew Schmidt Madeleine Gavin

Home media release

TitleFormatRelease dateRef.
Captain America (1979)VHSApril 13, 1994 [68]
Captain America II: Death Too Soon VHSApril 13, 1994 [69]
Captain America / Captain America II: Death Too Soon Double FeatureDVDOctober 18, 2011 [70]
Captain America (1990) LaserDisc February 9, 1992 [71]
VHSJune 23, 1994 [72]
Blu-rayMay 21, 2013 [73]
Captain America: The First Avenger DVD, Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3DOctober 25, 2011 [74]
Captain America: The Winter Soldier DVD, Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3DSeptember 9, 2014 [75]
Captain America: Civil War DVD, Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3DSeptember 2, 2016 [76]

Reception

Box office performance

FilmU.S. release dateBox office grossProduction budgetRef.
North AmericaOther territoriesWorldwide
Captain America: The First Avenger July 22, 2011$176,654,505$193,915,269$370,569,774$140 million [77]
Captain America: The Winter Soldier March 26, 2014$259,766,572$454,654,931$714,421,503$170 million [78]
Captain America: Civil War April 27, 2016$408,084,349$745,253,147$1,153,337,496$250 million [79]
Totals$844,505,426$1,393,823,347$2,238,328,773$560 million

Critical and public response

FilmCriticalPublic
Rotten Tomatoes Metacritic CinemaScore
Captain America (1990)27% (11 reviews) [80]
Captain America: The First Avenger 79% (273 reviews) [81] 66 (43 reviews) [82] A− [83]
Captain America: The Winter Soldier 90% (313 reviews) [84] 70 (48 reviews) [85] A [86]
Captain America: Civil War 90% (429 reviews) [87] 75 (53 reviews) [88] A [89]

See also

Related Research Articles

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Captain America is a superhero created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby who appears in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in Captain America Comics #1, published on December 20, 1940, by Timely Comics, a corporate predecessor to Marvel. Captain America's civilian identity is Steven "Steve" Rogers, a frail man enhanced to the peak of human physical perfection by an experimental "super-soldier serum" after joining the United States Army to aid the country's efforts in World War II. Equipped with an American flag–inspired costume and a virtually indestructible shield, Captain America and his sidekick Bucky Barnes clashed frequently with the villainous Red Skull and other members of the Axis powers. In the final days of the war, an accident left Captain America frozen in a state of suspended animation until he was revived in modern times. He resumes his exploits as a costumed hero and becomes leader of the superhero team the Avengers, but frequently struggles as a "man out of time" to adjust to the new era.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outline of the Marvel Cinematic Universe</span>

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Phase Three of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is a group of American superhero films produced by Marvel Studios based on characters that appear in publications by Marvel Comics. The phase began in 2016 with the release of Captain America: Civil War and concluded in 2019 with the release of Spider-Man: Far From Home. It includes the crossover films Avengers: Infinity War, released in 2018, and its sequel Avengers: Endgame, released in 2019. Kevin Feige produced every film in the phase, alongside Amy Pascal for Spider-Man: Homecoming and Spider-Man: Far From Home, and Stephen Broussard for Ant-Man and the Wasp. The eleven films of the phase grossed over US$13.5 billion at the global box office and received generally positive critical and public response. Upon release, Avengers: Endgame became the highest-grossing film of all time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stucky (fandom)</span> Depictions of a relationship between Captain America and the Winter Soldier

In fandom, Stucky is the pairing of Steve Rogers and James Buchanan "Bucky" Barnes, fictional characters who appear in comic books and related media produced by Marvel Comics. The pairing is a manifestation of shipping, a phenomenon in fandom wherein individuals create fan works that depict a romantic or sexual relationship between two characters whose relationship in the source material is typically neither romantic nor sexual; Stucky is an example of slash, a genre of fan works that focus on same-sex characters. In accordance with shipping naming conventions, Stucky is a portmanteau of "Steve" and "Bucky".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Avengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)</span> Superhero team in media franchise

The Avengers are a team of fictional superheroes and the protagonists of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) media franchise, based on the Marvel Comics team of the same name created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby in 1963. Founded by S.H.I.E.L.D. Director Nick Fury, the team is a United States–based organization composed primarily of superpowered and gifted individuals, described as "Earth's Mightiest Heroes", who are committed to the world's protection from a variety of threats. The Avengers are depicted as operating in the state of New York: originally from the Avengers Tower in Midtown Manhattan and subsequently in the Avengers Compound in Upstate New York. Arranged as an ensemble of core MCU characters originally consisting of Tony Stark / Iron Man, Steve Rogers / Captain America, Thor Odinson, Bruce Banner / Hulk, Natasha Romanoff / Black Widow, and Clint Barton / Hawkeye, it later expands to include 16 total members. Regarded as an important part of the franchise, they are central to the MCU's first 23 films, collectively known as the Infinity Saga. The Avengers from alternate universes were depicted in subsequent MCU properties across the Multiverse Saga, including appearances in the Disney+ animated series What If...? (2021–present) and Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022). A new incarnation of the Avengers are set to return in Avengers: Doomsday (2026) and Avengers: Secret Wars (2027). Both films will be part of the MCU's Phase Six, concluding the Multiverse Saga.

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