| Carpophilus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Carpophilus marginellus | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Nitidulidae |
| Subfamily: | Carpophilinae |
| Genus: | Carpophilus Stephens, 1830 |
Carpophilus is a genus of sap beetles. Several species are agricultural pests, typically causing feeding damage to a variety of fruits, grains and other food products worldwide. [1] [2] The genus contains a great number of species. [3]
Adult Carpophilus are oblong-shaped beetles roughly 3 mm in length and black, brown or mottled yellow in colour. [1] The elytra are short, exposing the last two abdominal tergites. [4] The antennae are clubbed. [1]
Larval Carpophilus are yellowish with a brown head and a pair of urogomphi (giving the appearance of a forked tail). They are about 5 mm long when fully grown. [1]
Adult Carpophilus are active in spring and summer. They can fly several kilometres in search of host fruit. [1]
When this is discovered, the females lay eggs in fruit on the tree (in the case of stone fruit) or in fallen fruit on the ground (in the case of citrus, apples and figs). [1] They may also lay in stored products such as dried fruit. [2]
Larvae feed and grow within the fruit. When mature, larvae leave the fruit to pupate in the ground. [1] Larvae that infest stored products also pupate in them. [2]
There are several generations a year. Development from egg to adult takes approximately one month in summer. [1] It is temperature-dependent, taking about 12 days at warm temperatures (32.2 °C) and up to 42 days at cooler temperatures (18.3 °C). [2] Humidity also affects the life cycle, with faster development (and also more eggs laid) at higher humidity. [2] Carpophilus can overwinter in the mature larva, pupa or adult stages, and does so in fruit, stored products, soil or in cracks or under bark of trees. [1] [2]
Several species of Carpophilus are pests of various fruits (including stone fruit, citrus, persimmons, apples and figs) [1] and stored products (including corn, cornmeal, bread, wheat, oats, rice, sugar, beans, peanuts, nuts, cottonseed, copra, spices, drugs, and honey). [2] They damage fruit directly with their feeding and also indirectly by spreading diseases (e.g. brown rot). [1]
One species, Carpophilus truncatus , has been especially fast-spreading and damaging numerous crops on several continents. [5] [6]
The sap beetles, also known as Nitidulidae, are a family of beetles.
Histeridae is a family of beetles commonly known as clown beetles or hister beetles. This very diverse group of beetles contains 3,900 species found worldwide. They can be easily identified by their shortened elytra that leaves two of the seven tergites exposed, and their geniculate (elbowed) antennae with clubbed ends. These predatory feeders are most active at night and will fake death if they feel threatened. This family of beetles will occupy almost any kind of niche throughout the world. Hister beetles have proved useful during forensic investigations to help in time of death estimation. Also, certain species are used in the control of livestock pests that infest dung and to control houseflies. Because they are predacious and will even eat other hister beetles, they must be isolated when collected.
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The drugstore beetle, also known as the bread beetle, biscuit beetle, and misnamed as the biscuit weevil, is a tiny, brown beetle. It can be found infesting a wide variety of dried plant products, where it is among the most common non-weevils to be found. It is the only living member of the genus Stegobium. It belongs to the family Ptinidae, which also includes the deathwatch beetle and furniture beetle. A notable characteristic of this species is the symbiotic relationship the beetles have with the yeast they carry, which are transmitted from female to larvae through the oviduct.
Cleridae are a family of beetles of the superfamily Cleroidea. They are commonly known as checkered beetles. The family Cleridae has a worldwide distribution, and a variety of habitats and feeding preferences.
Oryzaephilus surinamensis, the sawtoothed grain beetle, is a beetle in the superfamily Cucujoidea. It is a common, worldwide pest of grain and grain products as well as chocolate, drugs, and tobacco. The species' binomial name, meaning "rice-lover from Suriname," was coined by Carl Linnaeus, who received specimens of the beetle from Surinam. It is also known as the malt beetle and may be referenced in the poem This Is The House That Jack Built in the line "....the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that Jack built" the malt referenced may not be actual malted grain but a sawtoothed grain beetle.
The foreign grain beetle is a species of beetle in the family Silvanidae. It is related to the sawtoothed grain beetle.
Home-stored product entomology is the study of insects that infest foodstuffs stored in the home. It deals with the prevention, detection and eradication of pests.
Tenebroides mauritanicus, commonly known as the cadelle, is a species of beetle in the family Trogossitidae. It is a common cosmopolitan pest in storehouses and granaries.
Ptinus tectus, often called the Australian spider beetle, is a species of beetle in the family Ptinidae, or family Anobiidae, subfamily Ptininae. It is a cosmopolitan species. It is a pest of stored foods and museum specimens.
Cadra calidella, the dried fruit or date moth, is a species of snout moth in the genus Cadra and commonly mistaken for the species Cadra figulilella. It thrives in warmer conditions and is found primarily in Mediterranean countries, although it can also be found in Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Transcaucasia, Caucasus, and the western part of Russia. It feeds on dried fruits, carobs, nuts and seeds, hence earning its colloquial name. This diet damages the food industry, and it is a common storage pest. Because of this, much research has been done to study ways to limit its reproduction rate and population size. It was first described by Achille Guenée in 1845.
Anthrenocerus australis is a species of beetle belonging to the Dermestidae family. It is commonly known as the Australian carpet beetle and is one of the most researched of the thirty-one species in the Anthrenocerus genus. This is generally attributed to its prevalence throughout Australia and New Zealand and the negative economic and agricultural impact it has as a pest. It is the larvae that causes damage to products, not the adult beetle. The total life cycle of this insect is around three years, most of which is spent as a larva. Once the beetle reaches maturity, it only lives for between two and six weeks.
Tribolium is a genus of flour beetles in the family Tenebrionidae. They are known by various common names including flour beetles, flour weevils, red weevils and bran bugs.
Araecerus fasciculatus, the coffee bean weevil, is a species of beetle (Coleoptera) belonging to the family Anthribidae. Despite its name, it affects a wide range of stored products and some field crops and is accredited with consuming more than 100 different kinds of stored goods. This polyphagous insect is often found in stored crops such as: corn, cassava, sweet potatoes, nutmeg, dried fruits and various nuts. Through trade it has become cosmopolitan in its distribution and is considered an economically important global pest. A. fasciculatus causes significant damage to stored food goods, can result in loss of mass quantities of product and can reduce the quality of the stored goods.
Dermestes ater is a species of beetle in the family Dermestidae, the skin beetles. It is known commonly as the black larder beetle or incinerator beetle. It is native to North America, but today it is found nearly worldwide. Like several other dermestid beetles, this species is a common pest of stored products.
Carpophilus lugubris, commonly known as the dusky sap beetle, is a species of beetle in the genus Carpophilus. It is an agricultural pest of corn and tomato.
Carpophilus hemipterus, the dried-fruit beetle, is a species of sap-feeding beetle in the family Nitidulidae. It is found in North America, Oceania, and Europe.
Caplothorax is a genus of sap beetles.
