Caryopilite

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Caryopilite
Caryopilite-Rhodochrosite-89634.jpg
Brown crust of caryopilite on rhodochrosite
General
Category Phyllosilicate minerals
Formula
(repeating unit)		(Mn2+,Mg)3Si2O5(OH)4 [1]
IMA symbol Cpl [2]
Strunz classification 9.ED.15
Dana classification 71.1.2b.1
Crystal system Monoclinic
Crystal class Domatic (m)
(same H-M symbol)
Space group Cm
Unit cell a = 5.66 Å,
b = 9.81 Å,
c = 7.52 Å,
β = 104.52°; Z = 2 [1]
Identification
Formula mass 3 to 3.5
ColorReddish brown, tan
Light brown to yellow in thin section [1]
Cleavage Perfect on {001} [1]
Luster Vitreous [3]
Streak Light Brown [3]
Diaphaneity Semitransparent [1]
Density 2.83–2.94 (measured) [1]
Optical propertiesBiaxial (-)
Refractive index nα = 1.606 to 1.620
nβ = 1.632 to 1.650
nγ = 1.632 to 1.650
Birefringence δ = 0.026 to 0.030
2V angle ~0° [1]
Dispersion Weak
References [4] [5]

Caryopilite (synonymous with ectropite and ektropite) [5] is a brown-colored mineral with formula (Mn2+,Mg)3Si2O5(OH)4. The mineral was discovered in 1889 from a mine in Sweden. It was named for the Greek words for walnut and felt in reference to its appearance.

Contents

Description

Caryopilite is reddish-brown to tan in color naturally; in thin sections, it is light brown to yellow. The mineral occurs as tabular pseudohexagonal crystals, commonly as rosettes, up to 4 millimeters (0.16 in). It can also be stalactitic, reniform with a concentrically radiating structure, or have massive habit. [1]

The mineral forms as a product of metamorphism in manganese-bearing minerals. Caryopilite has been found in association with brandtite, calcite, gonyerite, jacobsite, lead, manganoan calcite, rhodonite, sarkinite, tirodite. [1]

Structure

Caryopilite consists of triangular islands formed by tetrahedra rings coordinated with sheets containing octahedrally coordinated manganese. The crystal structure shows some short-range order, but linkages between islands are fully disordered. Thus, no unit cell can truly be defined. [6]

History

In 1889, caryopilite was discovered from the Harstigen Mine in Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden. [5] Hamberg identified it as a new mineral and, on the suggestion of Professor Brögger, named it karyopilit. The name is derived from the Greek words κάρυον or "walnut", in reference to the mineral's brown color and crystal habit, and πΐλος or "felt", for its appearance under a microscope. [7]

In 1917, Gust Flink discovered a mineral he named ectropite (also spelled ektropite) that was most closely related to caryopilite. [8] In 1927, after a new specimen of bementite was discovered that appeared almost identical to caryopilite, it was recommended that caryopilite be invalidated as a mineral species. [9] However, a 1964 study determined that what had been known as bementite was actually a mixture of two different minerals. Bementite and caryopilite were redefined as distinct species, and caryopilite was made equivalent to ectropite. [10] These changes were accepted by a large majority of the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. [11]

In 1980, a study suggested that caryopilite be assigned to the friedelite group rather than the serpentine group. [12]

Distribution

As of 2012, caryopilite has been found in Austria, Canada, China, France, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Sweden, the UK, and the US. [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mineral</span> Crystalline chemical element or compound formed by geologic processes

In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid substance with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhodonite</span> Single chain manganese inosilicate (MnSiO3)

Rhodonite is a manganese inosilicate, with the formula (Mn, Fe, Mg, Ca)SiO3, and member of the pyroxenoid group of minerals, crystallizing in the triclinic system. It commonly occurs as cleavable to compact masses with a rose-red color (its name comes from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon) 'rose'), often tending to brown due to surface oxidation. The rose-red hue is caused by the manganese cation (Mn2+).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adamite</span> Zinc arsenate hydroxide mineral

Adamite is a zinc arsenate hydroxide mineral, Zn2AsO4OH. It is a mineral that typically occurs in the oxidized or weathered zone above zinc ore occurrences. Pure adamite is colorless, but usually it possess yellow color due to Fe compounds admixture. Tints of green also occur and are connected with copper substitutions in the mineral structure. Olivenite is a copper arsenate that is isostructural with adamite and there is considerable substitution between zinc and copper resulting in an intermediate called cuproadamite. Zincolivenite is a recently discovered mineral being an intermediate mineral with formula CuZn(AsO4)(OH). Manganese, cobalt, and nickel also substitute in the structure. An analogous zinc phosphate, tarbuttite, is known.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triphylite</span>

Triphylite is a lithium iron(II) phosphate mineral with the chemical formula LiFePO4. It is a member of the triphylite group and forms a complete solid solution series with the lithium manganese(II) phosphate, lithiophilite. Triphylite crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system. It rarely forms prismatic crystals and is more frequently found in hypidiomorphic rock. It is bluish- to greenish-gray in color, but upon alteration becomes brown to black.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kutnohorite</span> Mineral of calcium manganese carbonate

Kutnohorite is a rare calcium manganese carbonate mineral with magnesium and iron that is a member of the dolomite group. It forms a series with dolomite, and with ankerite. The end member formula is CaMn2+(CO3)2, but Mg2+ and Fe2+ commonly substitute for Mn2+, with the manganese content varying from 38% to 84%, so the formula Ca(Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)(CO3)2 better represents the species. It was named by Professor Bukowsky in 1901 after the type locality of Kutná Hora, Bohemia, in the Czech Republic. It was originally spelt "kutnahorite" but "kutnohorite" is the current IMA-approved spelling.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alabandite</span> Sulfide mineral

Alabandite or alabandine, formerly known as manganese blende or bluemenbachite is a rarely occurring manganese sulfide mineral. It crystallizes in the cubic crystal system with the chemical composition Mn2+S and develops commonly massive to granular aggregates, but rarely also cubic or octahedral crystals to 1 cm.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bultfonteinite</span>

Bultfonteinite, originally dutoitspanite, is a pink to colorless mineral with chemical formula Ca2SiO2(OH,F)4. It was discovered in 1903 or 1904 in the Bultfontein mine in South Africa, for which the mineral is named, and described in 1932.

Gatehouseite is a manganese hydroxy phosphate mineral with formula Mn5(PO4)2(OH)4. First discovered in 1987, it was identified as a new mineral species in 1992 and named for Bryan M. K. C. Gatehouse (born 1932). As of 2012, it is known from only one mine in South Australia.

Arsenoclasite (originally arsenoklasite) is a red or dark orange brown mineral with formula Mn5(AsO4)2(OH)4. The name comes from the Greek words αρσενικόν (for arsenic) and κλάσις (for cleavage), as arsenoclasite contains arsenic and has perfect cleavage. The mineral was discovered in 1931 in Långban, Sweden.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sonolite</span>

Sonolite is a mineral with formula Mn9(SiO4)4(OH,F)2. The mineral was discovered in 1960 in the Sono mine in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. In 1963, it was identified as a new mineral and named after the Sono mine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leucophoenicite</span>

Leucophoenicite is a mineral with formula Mn7(SiO4)3(OH)2. Generally brown to red or pink in color, the mineral gets its name from the Greek words meaning "pale purple-red". Leucophoenicite was discovered in New Jersey, US and identified as a new mineral in 1899.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sarkinite</span>

Sarkinite, synonymous with chondrarsenite and polyarsenite, is a mineral with formula Mn2(AsO4)(OH). The mineral is named for the Greek word σάρκιυος, meaning made of flesh, for its red color and greasy luster. The mineral was first noted in Sweden in 1865 as chondrarsenite, though not identified as sarkinite until 1885.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diaboleite</span>

Diaboleite is a blue-colored mineral with formula Pb2CuCl2(OH)4. It was discovered in England in 1923 and named diaboleite, from the Greek word διά and boleite, meaning "distinct from boleite". The mineral has since been found in a number of countries.

Bobfergusonite is a mineral with formula Na2Mn5FeAl(PO4)6. The mineral varies in color from green-brown to red-brown. It was discovered in 1986 in Manitoba, Canada, and named for Robert Bury Ferguson (born 1920). As of 2012, the mineral has only been found in Canada and Argentina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Junitoite</span> Sorosilicate mineral

Junitoite is a mineral with formula CaZn2Si2O7·H2O. It was discovered at the Christmas mine in Christmas, Arizona, and described in 1976. The mineral is named for mineral chemist Jun Ito (1926–1978).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tumchaite</span>

Tumchaite, Na2(Zr,Sn)Si4O11·H2O, is a colorless to white monoclinic phyllosilicate mineral. It is associated with calcite, dolomite, and pyrite in the late dolomite-calcite carbonatites. It can be transparent to translucent; has a vitreous luster; and has perfect cleavage on {100}. Its hardness is 4.5, between fluorite and apatite. Tumchaite is isotypic with penkvilksite. The structure of the mineral is identified by silicate sheets parallel {100}, formed by alternation of clockwise and counterclockwise growing spiral chains of corner-sharing SiO4 tetrahedra. Tumchaite is named for the river Tumcha near Vuoriyarvi massif.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sturmanite</span>

Sturmanite is a rare sulfate mineral with the chemical formula Ca6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5(B(OH)4)(OH)12 · 25 H2O. It crystallises in the tetragonal system and it has a Moh's hardness of 2.5. Sturmanite has a bright yellow to amber colour and falls in the ettringite group. It was named after Bozidar Darko Sturman (born 1937), Croatian-Canadian mineralogist and Curator Emeritus of Mineralogy, Royal Ontario Museum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inesite</span>

Inesite is a hydrous calcium manganese silicate mineral. Its chemical formula is Ca2Mn7Si10O28(OH)2•5(H2O). Inesite is an inosilicate with a triclinic crystal system. It has a Mohs hardness of 5.5 to 6, and a specific gravity of 3.0. Its name originates from the Greek Ίνες (ines), "fibers" in allusion to its color and habit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ganophyllite</span> Silicate mineral

Ganophyllite is a phyllosilicate mineral. It was named by Axel Hamberg in 1890 from the Greek words for leaf (φύλλον) and luster (γανωμα); the latter one was chosen due to the lustrous cleavages. The mineral was approved by the IMA in 1959, and it is a grandfathered mineral, meaning its name is still believed to refer to an existing species until this day. Tamaite is the calcium analogue, while eggletonite is the natrium analogue of said mineral.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Caryopilite" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineral Data Publishing. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
  2. ↑ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi: 10.1180/mgm.2021.43 . S2CID   235729616.
  3. 1 2 "Caryopilite". Webmineral. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
  4. ↑ Mineralienatlas
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Caryopilite". Mindat. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
  6. ↑ Guggenheim, p. 163
  7. ↑ Hamberg, p. 27.
  8. ↑ Chemical Abstracts Service (1917). Chemical abstracts, Volume 11. American Chemical Society. p. 2650.
  9. ↑ Pardee, J. T.; Larsen Jr, E. S.; Steiger, George (April 1922). "Discredited Species" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 7 (4): 76.
  10. ↑ Kato, Toshio (March–April 1964). "Redefinition of Bementite and Caryopilite" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 49 (3 & 4): 446–447.
  11. ↑ Villarroel, H.; Joel, N. (1967). "International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names" (PDF). Mineralogical Magazine. 36 (277): 133 & 135. Bibcode:1967MinM...36..131.. doi:10.1180/minmag.1967.036.277.20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-05-27. Retrieved 2012-06-25.
  12. ↑ Peacor, Donald R.; Essene, Eric J. (March–April 1980). "Caryopilite—a member of the friedelite rather than the serpentine group" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 65 (3 & 4): 335–339.

Bibliography

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