Cocteau Twins

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Cocteau Twins
Cocteau Twins 1986.jpg
Cocteau Twins in 1986, from L-R: Simon Raymonde, Elizabeth Fraser, Robin Guthrie
Background information
Origin Grangemouth, Scotland
Genres
Years active1979–1997
Labels
Past members
Website cocteautwins.com

Cocteau Twins were a Scottish rock band active from 1979 to 1997. They were formed in Grangemouth by Robin Guthrie (guitars, drum machine) and Will Heggie (bass), adding Elizabeth Fraser (vocals) in 1981 and replacing Heggie with multi-instrumentalist Simon Raymonde in 1983. The group earned critical praise for their ethereal, effects-laden sound and the soprano vocals of Fraser, whose lyrics often eschew any recognisable language. [1] They pioneered the 1980s alternative subgenre of dream pop [2] [3] and helped define what would become shoegaze. [4] [5]

Contents

They signed with the record label 4AD in 1982 and released their debut album Garlands . [1] The addition of Raymonde in 1983 solidified their final lineup, which produced their biggest hit in the UK, "Pearly-Dewdrops' Drops", peaking at No. 29 on the UK Singles Chart. In 1988 Cocteau Twins signed with Capitol Records in the United States, distributing their fifth album, Blue Bell Knoll , through a major label in the country. "Carolyn's Fingers", the only single from Blue Bell Knoll, was a commercial success for the band on the US Alternative Airplay Charts. [6] After the 1990 release of their most critically acclaimed album, Heaven or Las Vegas , the band left 4AD for Fontana Records, where they released their final two albums. Heaven or Las Vegas was included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die , [7] and was voted number 218 in the third edition of Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums . [8] In 2020, Rolling Stone listed it at No. 245 in its list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. [9]

After nearly 20 years together, the band disbanded in 1997 in part due to issues stemming from the disintegration of Fraser and Guthrie's romantic relationship. In 2005 the band announced that they would reunite to headline Coachella Festival and embark on a world tour but the reunion was cancelled a month later after Fraser "couldn’t bring herself to work with Guthrie". [10] In a 2021 interview, Raymonde claimed that Cocteau Twins "will never reform". [11]

History

1979–1983: Early years

Guthrie and Heggie, both from Grangemouth, Scotland, formed the band in 1979. [8] They met the 17-year-old Fraser in 1981 at a local disco, The Hotel International, where Guthrie was DJing, and she became the group's vocalist. [1]

Doctor Who actor Peter Capaldi recalls that the Cocteau Twins were the support act for his band The Dream Boys at a gig at a hotel in Grangemouth, for which he did a runner and failed to pay them because the door takings did not cover the cost of his van hire. [12]

Prior to releasing their debut album, the band recorded a four track session for John Peel in June 1982, including "Wax and Wane" and "Garlands". [13] Their debut LP Garlands , released through 4AD in July 1982, [14] was an instant success, peaking at number 2 in the indie albums chart in the UK. Sounds wrote that the style of the band was "mixing strong Siouxsie and the Banshees and Joy Division influences". [15] NME 's Don Watson compared it to gothic rock bands such as Gene Loves Jezebel and Xmal Deutschland, [16] while Spin magazine's Sue Cummings compared it retrospectively to Siouxsie and the Banshees and Bauhaus. [17] It was followed by the EP Lullabies in October. In April 1983 the band released a second EP, Peppermint Pig . [1]

Cocteau Twins' sound on their first three recordings relied on the combination of Heggie's rhythmic basslines, Guthrie's minimalist guitar melodies, and Fraser's voice. The band's next full-length LP record, Head over Heels , relied solely on the latter two, following Heggie's amicable departure after the tour that followed the release of Peppermint Pig (he would later join Lowlife). [1] This led to the characteristic Cocteau Twins sound: Fraser's voice, by turns ethereal and operatic, combined with increasingly effects-heavy guitar playing by Guthrie [1] (who has often said that he is far more interested in the way the guitar is recorded than in the actual notes being played, though he later admitted that his reliance on effects and layering was initially due to his own technical limitations). [18] In the band's earlier work, Fraser's lyrics were made up of words she found in various foreign language books. [19]

In 1983 the band participated in 4AD's This Mortal Coil project, which spawned a cover version of Tim Buckley's "Song to the Siren" (performed by Guthrie and Fraser). Despite appearing under the This Mortal Coil name, the cover has subsequently become one of the best-known Cocteau Twins tracks. During the TMC sessions, Guthrie and Fraser became acquainted with another project contributor, multi-instrumentalist Simon Raymonde (formerly a member of Drowning Craze), who joined Cocteau Twins later that year. [1]

1984–1989: Rise to fame

Cocteau Twins promotional shoot to promote the release of The Moon and the Melodies (1986) Cocteau Twins, The Moon and the Melodies 1986.jpg
Cocteau Twins promotional shoot to promote the release of The Moon and the Melodies (1986)

With Raymonde, the band released a series of critically acclaimed albums and EPs that explored their new style. These included The Spangle Maker (1984), Treasure (1984), Aikea-Guinea (1985), Tiny Dynamine (1985), Echoes in a Shallow Bay (1985), and Love's Easy Tears (1986). Raymonde, who was called in to work on the second album by This Mortal Coil, did not participate in the recording of the fourth Cocteau Twins LP, Victorialand (1986), a predominantly acoustic record which featured only Guthrie and Fraser. Raymonde returned to the group for The Moon and the Melodies (1986), a collaboration with ambient composer Harold Budd, [1] which was not released under the Cocteau Twins name.

In 1985 4AD signed an agreement with Relativity Records for distribution of Cocteau Twins releases in the US and other territories. To commemorate the event, the compilation The Pink Opaque (1985) was released as a way of introducing the new, broader audience to the band's back catalogue.

While remaining a 4AD band internationally, Cocteau Twins finally signed a major-label contract with Capitol Records in 1988 for distribution in the United States, and released their fifth album, Blue Bell Knoll , in September of that year. [8] "Carolyn's Fingers" was heavily played on the U.S. radio stations, peaking at No. 2 on Billboard's Alternative Songs chart. [20]

1990–1994: Mainstream success

The group released Heaven or Las Vegas in early 1990. [8] The most commercially successful of their many recordings, the album reached number seven in the UK Albums Chart immediately after its release. [21] Despite the success of the record and the subsequent concert tours, not everything was well with the band. They parted ways with 4AD following Heaven or Las Vegas partly because of conflicts with the label's founder Ivo Watts-Russell, and were close to breaking up over internal problems due in large part to Guthrie's substance abuse. [22]

While on their international tour supporting Heaven or Las Vegas, the group signed a new recording contract with Mercury Records subsidiary Fontana for the UK and elsewhere, while retaining their US relationship with Capitol. They added several live musicians to their touring band during this era, to better replicate the layered sound of their studio albums. In 1991 4AD and Capitol released a box set that compiled the band's EPs from 1982 to 1990, and also included a bonus disc of rare and previously unreleased material.

Fraser and Guthrie had a daughter, Lucy Belle, born in 1989. The couple ended their 13-year relationship in 1993. [23] The band's seventh LP, Four-Calendar Café , their first since Fraser and Guthrie's separation, was released in late 1993. [8] The band explained that Four-Calendar Café was a response to the turmoil that had engulfed them in the intervening years, with Guthrie entering rehab and quitting alcohol and drugs, and Fraser undergoing psychotherapy.

1995–1997: Milk & Kisses and break-up

1995 saw the release of two new EPs: Twinlights and Otherness . Some of the tracks on Twinlights and Otherness were versions of songs from the band's eighth album, Milk & Kisses (1996). [1] The record saw the return of more heavily layered guitars, and Fraser began once again to obscure her lyrics, though not entirely. Two singles were taken from the album: "Tishbite" and "Violaine"; both exist in two CD versions, with different B-sides included on each. The band, augmented by an extra guitarist and a drummer, toured extensively to support the album, their last for Mercury/Fontana. A new song, "Touch Upon Touch", which debuted during the live shows and was recorded later in 1996 was also one of the two songs written and arranged by Fraser, Guthrie and Raymonde for Chinese pop singer Faye Wong for her Mandarin album Fuzao released in June 1996, the other being "Tranquil Eye" from Violaine released in October 1996.

In 1997 while recording what was to have been their ninth LP, the trio disbanded over irreconcilable differences in part related to the breakup of Guthrie and Fraser. While a number of songs were partially recorded and possibly completed, the band has stated that they will likely never be finished or released in any form.

1998–present: Post-breakup

Lead singer Elizabeth Fraser performing live in 2006 Elizabeth Frazer 2.jpg
Lead singer Elizabeth Fraser performing live in 2006

In 1999 Bella Union, the record label founded by Guthrie and Raymonde, released a double-CD Cocteau Twins compilation entitled BBC Sessions . The collection is a complete record of the band's appearances on UK radio programs from 1982 to 1996, with rare and unreleased material included. In 2000 4AD released Stars and Topsoil , a compilation of selected songs picked by the band members that had been released during their years with 4AD; all recordings had been digitally remastered by Guthrie. In 2003 4AD followed Stars and Topsoil with the release of digitally remastered versions of the first six Cocteau Twins LPs.

In January 2005 Cocteau Twins announced that they would be reforming to perform at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival on 30 April 2005, and later indicated that additional tour dates would be added. However, on 16 March, the reunion was cancelled after Fraser announced that she would not take part. In a 2009 interview Fraser said she could not go through the pain of sharing the stage with her former lover Guthrie, the issue behind the band's 1997 breakup. [22] Raymonde revealed that the band had also booked a 55-date world tour, which would have paid him £1.5 million. [10] Later in 2005 4AD released a worldwide limited edition of 10,000 compilation box set titled Lullabies to Violaine , a 4-disc set that details every single and EP released from 1982 to 1996. This was shortly followed up by two 2-disc sets of the same names, known as Volume 1 and Volume 2.

Since March 2007 the band has started podcasts of exclusive material. [24] On 6 October 2008 Cocteau Twins were awarded the Q Awards Inspiration Award, which they accepted in a rare collective live appearance. [25] [26]

In 2022 Fraser, Guthrie and Raymonde were awarded with the Visionary Award by The Ivors Academy. [27] Fraser and Guthrie attended the award ceremony in London in May 2022 in a rare public appearance since the band's disbandment in 1997. [28]

Solo work

Guitarist Robin Guthrie performing in 2008 Robin Guthrie at Art Parade 2008.jpg
Guitarist Robin Guthrie performing in 2008

The former members of Cocteau Twins have remained active musically in the years since the band's demise. In addition to forming Bella Union, Guthrie and Raymonde have produced releases from new bands signed to that label.

Raymonde released the solo album Blame Someone Else as the first release on Bella Union. He also co-produced the posthumous album by Billy Mackenzie from the Associates, then went on to produce several Domino Records artists like James Yorkston, Archie Bronson Outfit (whom he later managed) and Clearlake. More recently he has produced the UK band the Duke Spirit, London-based duo Helene, former Golden Virgins frontman Lucas Renney and has mixed the Mercury Prize nominated album The End of History by Fionn Regan. In his role running Bella Union, he has discovered such artists as Laura Veirs, Fleet Foxes, Midlake, Lift to Experience, the Low Anthem, I Break Horses, the Czars and John Grant. The label is renowned for its long-term relationships with its artists, such as Beach House who released the first four of their albums with Bella Union, as have Dirty Three, Midlake etc. Raymonde picked up the Independent Record Company of the Year award at the Music Week Awards (as voted by UK independent retailers) in 2010, 2012 and 2014.

Guthrie has released six solo albums – Imperial, Continental, Carousel, Emeralds, Fortune, and Pearldiving– and eight EPs. He toured extensively with his band Violet Indiana, which included ex-Cocteau Twins guitarist Mitsuo Tate in the line-up. He has also scored the music for three movies — Gregg Araki's Mysterious Skin (in collaboration with Harold Budd), Dany Saadia's 3:19 Nada Es Casualidad (a Mexican/Spanish production), and again with Gregg Araki and Harold Budd on the score and the soundtrack of White Bird in a Blizzard . He reunited with Budd to collaborate on two companion albums, Before the Day Breaks and After the Night Falls, and the albums Bordeaux, Winter Garden (a collaboration that included Italian electronica artist Eraldo Bernocchi), and Another Flower, which was released after Budd's passing in 2020. In 2006 Guthrie produced three songs on Mahogany's Connectivity. He also produced and played guitar on Apollo Heights debut album, White Music for Black People.

Fraser provided guest vocals on the Future Sound of London's single "Lifeforms" (1993), vocals for three songs on Massive Attack's Mezzanine in 1998 (as well as touring with them several times), and for other musical projects and groups. She wrote the lyrics and sang the vocals for "Teardrop" by Massive Attack which was released as a single in 1998 and reached number 10 in the UK singles chart. [29] Fraser provided the vocals for "Lament for Gandalf" on The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring soundtrack. In 2000 she sang with Peter Gabriel on Ovo (The Millennium Show) . In 2005 she worked with Breton musician Yann Tiersen on two songs for his album Les retrouvailles. In 2009 she released the single "Moses" on Rough Trade. [30]

Musical style and influences

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"The Spangle Maker"
Sample of "The Spangle Maker", (1984)
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Cocteau Twins' early recordings were classified in the gothic rock [31] [32] [33] [34] and post-punk genres. [35] The band's influences at the time they formed included The Birthday Party (drummer Phill Calvert encouraged the group to sign to 4AD), [36] Sex Pistols, Kate Bush and Siouxsie and the Banshees [37] (Fraser had Siouxsie tattoos on her arms for several years). [38] [39] The band was named after the early Simple Minds song "The Cocteau Twins" (later rewritten as "No Cure"). [40] As the band's sound developed, their subsequent music was classified as dream pop, [2] [41] darkwave [42] and ethereal wave.[ citation needed ]

Cocteau Twins' music influenced numerous artists in different genres, including Slowdive, [43] Deftones, the Weeknd, Napalm Death, John Grant, Prince, Sigur Rós and Massive Attack. [44]

Members

Touring contributors:

Cocteau Twins

Discography

Bibliography

Related Research Articles

<i>Head over Heels</i> (Cocteau Twins album) 1983 album by the Cocteau Twins

Head over Heels is the second studio album by Scottish alternative rock band Cocteau Twins. The album was released on 24 October 1983 through the label 4AD. It featured the band's signature sound of "Guthrie's lush guitars under Fraser's mostly wordless vocals" and is considered an archetype of early ethereal wave music.

<i>Heaven or Las Vegas</i> 1990 studio album by Cocteau Twins

Heaven or Las Vegas is the sixth studio album by Scottish alternative rock band Cocteau Twins, released on 17 September 1990 by 4AD. Despite 4AD president Ivo Watts-Russell proclaiming it one of the best-ever releases on his label, he released the group from their contract at the end of 1990 because his relationship with the band had soured.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elizabeth Fraser</span> Scottish singer and member of the Cocteau Twins (born 1963)

Elizabeth Davidson Fraser is a Scottish singer. She was the vocalist for the band Cocteau Twins who achieved international success primarily during the fifteen years from the mid-1980s to the late 1990s. Their studio albums Victorialand (1986) and Heaven or Las Vegas (1990) both reached the top ten of the UK Album Charts, as well as other albums including Blue Bell Knoll (1988), Four-Calendar Café (1993) and Milk & Kisses (1996) charting on the Billboard 200 album charts in the United States as well as the top 20 in the UK. She also performed as part of the 4AD group This Mortal Coil, including the successful 1983 single "Song to the Siren", and as a guest with Massive Attack on their 1998 single "Teardrop".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Simon Raymonde</span> British musician and member of the Cocteau Twins

Simon Philip Raymonde is an English musician and record producer. He is the son of the late arranger and composer Ivor Raymonde. He is best known as the bass guitarist and keyboard player with the Scottish band Cocteau Twins from 1983 to 1997.

<i>Garlands</i> (album) 1982 album by the Cocteau Twins

Garlands is the debut album by the Scottish alternative rock band Cocteau Twins. It was released on 10 July 1982 by the record label 4AD. It peaked in the top 5 of the UK Independent Albums Chart, and received support from BBC Radio 1 radio host John Peel.

<i>Treasure</i> (Cocteau Twins album) 1984 album by the Cocteau Twins

Treasure is the third studio album by Scottish alternative rock band Cocteau Twins, released on 12 November 1984 by 4AD. With this album, the band settled on what would, from then on, be their primary lineup: vocalist Elizabeth Fraser, guitarist Robin Guthrie and bass guitarist Simon Raymonde. The album also reflected the group's embrace of the distinctive ethereal sound they became associated with.

<i>Victorialand</i> 1986 album by the Cocteau Twins

Victorialand is the fourth studio album by Scottish alternative rock band Cocteau Twins, released by 4AD in 1986. Working without bassist Simon Raymonde, vocalist Elizabeth Fraser and guitarist/producer Robin Guthrie opted for a subtler sound on the album.

<i>Stars and Topsoil</i> 2000 compilation album by the Cocteau Twins

Stars and Topsoil – A Collection (1982–1990) is a compilation album by the Scottish band Cocteau Twins, released on the 4AD label on October 16, 2000. The album featured tracks released during the group's time on 4AD between 1982 and 1990, covering every Cocteau Twins album from Garlands through Heaven or Las Vegas. The collection reached number sixty-three on the UK Albums Chart.

<i>Peppermint Pig</i> 1983 song, single and EP by the Cocteau Twins

"Peppermint Pig" is a song by Scottish alternative rock band Cocteau Twins. It was released as both a single and 12" EP on 4 April 1983 by record label 4AD. Musically, the material was similar to their previous release, the 1982 EP Lullabies. It was the last release to feature original bassist Will Heggie.

<i>Blue Bell Knoll</i> 1988 studio album by Cocteau Twins

Blue Bell Knoll is the fifth studio album by Scottish alternative rock band Cocteau Twins, released on 19 September 1988 by 4AD. This was the band's first album to receive major-label distribution in the United States, as it was originally licensed by Capitol Records from 4AD for North American release. After a period of being out of print while 4AD reclaimed the American distribution rights for their back catalogue, the album was remastered by guitarist Robin Guthrie and reissued in 2003. Vocalist Elizabeth Fraser named the album after a peak in southern Utah called Bluebell Knoll.

<i>The Moon and the Melodies</i> 1986 album by Harold Budd and members of the Cocteau Twins

The Moon and the Melodies is a collaborative studio album by Scottish dream pop band Cocteau Twins and American minimalist composer Harold Budd. It was released 10 November 1986 by 4AD. The name "Cocteau Twins" did not appear on the release, which instead credited the band's three members and Budd individually.

Ethereal wave, also called ethereal darkwave, ethereal goth or simply ethereal, is a subgenre of dark wave music that is variously described as "gothic", "romantic", and "otherworldly". Developed in the early 1980s in the UK as an outgrowth of gothic rock, ethereal wave was mainly represented by 4AD bands such as Cocteau Twins, This Mortal Coil, and early guitar-driven Dead Can Dance.

<i>The Spangle Maker</i> 1984 EP by Cocteau Twins

The Spangle Maker is an EP by Scottish band Cocteau Twins, released on 4AD in April 1984. It was the first recording to be issued after bassist Simon Raymonde joined the band. The EP featured two versions of "Pearly-Dewdrops' Drops", and two B-sides. All three songs appeared in the band's live set.

<i>The Pink Opaque</i> 1986 compilation album by the Cocteau Twins

The Pink Opaque is a 1986 compilation album by Scottish alternative rock band Cocteau Twins, composed of tracks recorded between 1982 and 1985. A joint release by the UK-based 4AD and the American Relativity Records, it was their first official U.S. release.

<i>Lullabies</i> (EP) 1982 EP by the Cocteau Twins

Lullabies is the first EP by Scottish alternative rock band Cocteau Twins. It was released in October 1982, following their debut album, Garlands. The EP contained three non-album tracks, and featured a louder and more driving sound than the album.

<i>Lullabies to Violaine</i> Compilation album by Cocteau Twins

Lullabies to Violaine is a Cocteau Twins box set released in limited quantities by 4AD Records in November 2005. Comprising four CDs, the box set collects the tracks from every Cocteau Twins EP and single from Lullabies to Violaine, except the 1990 "Heaven or Las Vegas" single and the four songs on the 1991 EPs and Singles & Box Set bonus disc. It was also released as two separate double CD packs titled Lullabies to Violaine: Volume 1 and Lullabies to Violaine: Volume 2 the following year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bluebeard (song)</span> 1994 single by Cocteau Twins

"Bluebeard" is a single by the Cocteau Twins. It was released by Fontana Records in February 1994 as the second single to be released from the Four-Calendar Café album. All three members of the band – Fraser, Guthrie and Raymonde – are credited as songwriters as well as producers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heaven or Las Vegas (song)</span> 1990 single by the Cocteau Twins

"Heaven or Las Vegas" is a song by Scottish band Cocteau Twins. It was released by Capitol Records in October 1990 as the second single from the Heaven or Las Vegas album. The song has been described as dream pop.

<i>The Box Set</i> (Cocteau Twins) 1991 box set by Cocteau Twins

The Box Set is a 1991 collection of EPs by the Scottish band Cocteau Twins. It features their non-album releases up until that time. It also contains a bonus disc including songs from throughout their history which have not been otherwise released on Cocteau Twins releases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carolyn's Fingers</span> 1988 single by Cocteau Twins

"Carolyn's Fingers" is a single by Scottish alternative rock and dreampop band the Cocteau Twins, released in 1988 from their album Blue Bell Knoll. The song was released through the 4AD record label and credits all three members of the group – Fraser, Guthrie and Raymonde as songwriters and well as producers.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ankeny, Jason. "Cocteau Twins' Biography". AllMusic . Archived from the original on 8 September 2011. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
  2. 1 2 "Dream Pop Music Genre Overview – AllMusic". AllMusic . Archived from the original on 12 September 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  3. ↑ Reynolds, Simon (1 December 1991), "Pop View; 'Dream-Pop' Bands Define the Times in Britain", The New York Times , archived from the original on 2 September 2020, retrieved 7 March 2010
  4. ↑ Troussé, Stephen (15 December 2021). "Ultimate genre guide: shoegaze". Uncut.
  5. ↑ Parys, Bryan (13 September 2019). "Do You Shoegaze?: a primer on the underground genre". Berklee.
  6. ↑ "Cocteau Twins | Biography, Music & News". Billboard. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
  7. ↑ Morton, Rob (2006). Dimery, Robert (ed.). 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die . New York: Universe. pp.  634. ISBN   0789320746.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Colin Larkin, ed. (2000). All Time Top 1000 Albums (3rd ed.). Virgin Books. p. 105. ISBN   0-7535-0493-6.
  9. ↑ "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. 22 September 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  10. 1 2 Anonymous (30 November 2009). "Elizabeth Fraser breaks silence about aborted Cocteau Twins reunion, releases new single". Slicing Up Eyeballs . Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  11. ↑ "Cocteau Twins' 'Milk & Kisses' Turns 25: Bassist Simon Raymonde revisits the band's swan song". Spin. 15 March 2021. Archived from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  12. ↑ "The Alexei Sayle Podcast: A Very Capaldi Christmas! Part 1: The Dreamboys (with Peter Capaldi)". Audioboom (Podcast). 58 minutes in. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  13. ↑ Peel Sessions: Cocteau Twins 21/06/1982 Archived 20 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine BBC
  14. ↑ "Cocteau Twins: Garlands". Cocteau Twins. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  15. ↑ Prince, Bill (11 September 1982). "New 2 U: Cocteau Twins". Sounds .
  16. ↑ Don Watson, Don (6 November 1982). The Cocteau Twins: Fun From Falkirk – Fat Chance?.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  17. ↑ Sue Cummings: "The Pink Opaque", Cocteau Twins review, p. 28, SPIN magazine, March 1986
  18. ↑ Paynes, Steph: "Robin Guthrie", Guitar Player, 25(2):25–26, 1991.
  19. ↑ Liz Fraser 1FM Radio Interview, YouTube: John Wilson
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  21. ↑ "Cocteau Twins, UK charts, Albums". Officialcharts.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
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  23. ↑ Bush, Calvin (8 October 1993). "These Childish Things". The List. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  24. ↑ "Cocteau Twins offer previously unreleased live tracks via podcast". Side-line.com. 22 February 1999. Archived from the original on 6 September 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
  25. ↑ "Q Song Awards". Wn.com. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
  26. ↑ "Cocteaus an Inspiration – Q Awards 2008". Qawards.co.uk. 29 June 2005. Archived from the original on 14 June 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
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  30. ↑ Elizabeth Fraser releases new single "Moses". Archived 6 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine Side-line.com. 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  31. ↑ "10 Essential Gothic Rock Albums". Treblezine.com. 27 October 2010. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
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  33. ↑ "The Story of Goth in 33 Songs". Pitchfork. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  34. ↑ Pearis, Bill (30 October 2020). "Classic Goth's 13 Greatest Albums". Brooklyn Vegan. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  35. ↑ "cocteau twins – history". Cocteautwins.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  36. ↑ "cocteau twins | history | chapter 1: 1982". Cocteautwins.com. Archived from the original on 31 May 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  37. ↑ Liz Fraser interview. Melody Maker. 6 November 1993
  38. ↑ Chapman, Rob (July 1998). "Dark Side of the Spliff: Massive Attack". Mojo . Archived from the original on 31 August 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2020. "Have you met Liz?" 3D splutters with laughter. "[...] She loved our Siouxsie and the banshees sample off 'Metal Postcard' — she'd just had this Siouxsie and the Banshees tattoo removed from her arm.
  39. ↑ King, Richard (2012). How Soon is Now?: The Madmen and Mavericks who made Independent Music 1975–2005. Faber & Faber. ISBN   978-0571243907. Colin Wallace, their friend, confident and roadie has come from the same background as Fraser; Heggie and Gutrhie. [...] he says, '[...] Elisabeth was a huge Siouxsie fan - she had Siouxsie tattoos which she's had lasered off since'.
  40. ↑ DeRiso, Nick (20 February 2020). "Simple Minds Never Wanted to Record 'Don't You (Forget About Me)'". Ultimate Classic Rock. Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  41. ↑ "The Story Behind the Music of 'Twin Peaks'". rollingstone.com. 25 July 2014. Archived from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  42. ↑ Isabella van Elferen, Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock: Goth Music: From Sound to Subculture. Routledge Studies in Popular Music, 2015, ISBN   0-415-72004-4
  43. ↑ Trunick, Austin (12 August 2014). "Slowdive - Neil Halstead and Rachel Goswell on the Bands That Inspired Them". undertheradarmag.com. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  44. ↑ Pearis, Bill (17 September 2020). "Cocteau Twins' vast influence lives on :: 24 great artists they've inspired". Brooklyn Vegan. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
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