Comparison of video container formats

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These tables compare features of multimedia container formats, most often used for storing or streaming digital video or digital audio content. To see which multimedia players support which container format, look at comparison of media players.

Contents

General information

Containers related by derivation

In many ways, derived containers are similar to those on which they are based, sometimes extending them, sometimes limiting their capabilities.

General information about video container formats
Format Filename extension Owner or creatorInitial releaseLicense [lower-alpha 1] VBR audio VFR Hardware players Streaming [upper-alpha 1] Metadata [upper-alpha 2] Chapters
Matroska .mkv, .mk3d [upper-alpha 3] CoreCodec [upper-alpha 4] 2002-12Freely licensed [upper-alpha 5] Yes [upper-alpha 6] Yes [upper-alpha 6] Yes [upper-alpha 7] Yes [upper-alpha 8] Yes [12] Yes [13]
MPEG-4 Part 14 (MP4).mp4, .m4v [upper-alpha 9] MPEG 2001-10Patent encumbered [14] YesYesYesYesYesNot standard [upper-alpha 10]
QuickTime File Format (QTFF).mov, .qt Apple Inc. 1991-12 Proprietary [17] YesYesYesYesYesYes
Advanced Systems Format (ASF).asf, .wmv [upper-alpha 11] Microsoft 1996-09Royalties on codecs [upper-alpha 12] YesYesYesYes [19] YesYes
Audio Video Interleave (AVI).avi Microsoft 1992-11 Proprietary [20] Yes [upper-alpha 13] Yes [upper-alpha 14] YesNoYesNeeds alterations
Material Exchange Format (MXF).mxf SMPTE 2004-09Patent-free [21] YesYesNoYes [21] YesNo
MPEG program stream (PS).m2p, .ps [upper-alpha 15] MPEG 1993-08Patent-free [22] YesYes [upper-alpha 16] YesNoNoNo
MPEG transport stream (TS).ts, .tsv [upper-alpha 17] [upper-alpha 15] MPEG 1995-07Patent-free [22] YesYesYesYesNoNo
BDAV MPEG-2 transport stream (M2TS).m2ts, .mts BDA 2004-08Patent encumberedYesYesYesWith DVB [24] Needs multiple files [upper-alpha 18] Needs multiple files [upper-alpha 19]
Video Object (VOB).vob DVD Forum 1996-11Patent encumberedYesYesYesNoNoNeeds multiple files [upper-alpha 20]
Enhanced VOB (EVO).evo DVD Forum 2006-03Patent encumbered [25] YesYesYesNoNoNeeds multiple files [upper-alpha 21]
3GPP (3GP).3gp 3GPP 2003-04Patent encumberedYesYesYesYes [27] YesNo
3GPP2 (3G2).3g2 3GPP2 2004-01Patent encumberedYesYesYesYesYesNo
Flash Video (F4V).f4v [upper-alpha 22] Adobe Inc. 2007-12Patent encumberedYesYesYesYesYesYes [28]
Flash Video (FLV).flv Adobe Inc. 2003-09 Proprietary [29] Yes [upper-alpha 23] YesYesWith RTMP YesYes [28]
Ogg .ogv, .ogx [upper-alpha 24] Xiph.Org 2003-05Open source [34] YesYesYesYes [35] Yes [36] As Vorbis comments [upper-alpha 25]
WebM .webm Google 2010-05Royalty-free [38] YesYesYesYesYes [39] Yes [39]
RealMedia Variable Bitrate (RMVB).rmvb RealNetworks 2003 Proprietary YesYesYesYesYes [40] No
DivX Media Format (DMF).divx DivX, Inc. 2005-06 Proprietary YesYesYesYesYesYes

Support level legend:  Full  Indirect, lossless  Partial  Depends on setup  None 

  1. Indicates if the container can be used for a container bitstream, for example, for use as an RTP payload format. Some technologies, such as WebRTC, do not use any container formats for streaming. Some use fragmented MP4 (fMP4) or MPEG-TS segment files, such as HLS and MPEG-DASH. [2]
  2. Tags.
  3. Also .mka for content that is primarily audio or .mks for subtitles only. [3]
  4. Although CoreCodec, Inc. holds the copyrights and trademarks for the Matroska specification, the specifications are open to everybody. The source code of the libraries developed by the Matroska team is licensed under the LGPL and BSD licenses.
  5. Anyone can use it or modify it for their own needs without paying any license or patents. [4] [5]
  6. 1 2 Matroska is designed to store VBR and VFR content. [6]
  7. Companies producing Matroska-supporting hardware include Asus, [7] OPPO Digital, [8] Samsung, [9] and LG [10]
  8. Matroska can be streamed over HTTP and RTP/RTSP, through it is not meant to be streamed over RTP, as the two have duplicate features. [11]
  9. Also .m4a, .m4b or .m4p for audio-only content.
  10. There are two popular representations: text track (QuickTime), and userdata atom (Nero). [15] [16]
  11. Also .wma for audio-only content.
  12. License required from manufacturers or developers of codecs, but no license fees for the distribution of content. [18]
  13. ACM cannot handle VBR audio streams in AVI files. Thus, software using ACM to read audio from AVI files will not be able to handle VBR audio streams correctly, even though such files are compliant to the AVI file specification. This is a limitation of the ACM, not of the AVI file format.
  14. Although AVI is not designed for variable framerates, it is possible to use them without creating a non-standard file by using 0-byte chunks for skipped frames. However, it requires the framerate to be set to the least common multiple of all framerates used, and produces slight overhead compared to true VFR.
  15. 1 2 The following extensions are also often used for an MPEG program or a transport stream: .mpg, .mpeg, .mpv, .m1v; also .mpa, .mp3, .mp2, .mp1, .m2a or .m1a for audio-only content.
  16. MPEG-2 Part 1 specification, [23] p. 64, sec. 2.6.3.
  17. Also .tsa for audio-only content.
  18. Blu-ray adopts a specific file structure. Simple title metadata are stored in the /BMDV/index.bdmv file.
  19. Blu-ray adopts a specific file structure. Chapters require a companion .mpls file in the /BDMV/PLAYLIST/ directory.
  20. VOB adopts a specific file structure to encode DVD content. Chapters and menus require a companion .ifo file.
  21. EVO adopts a specific file structure to encode HD DVD content. Chapters require companion .xpl file. [26]
  22. Also .f4a, .f4b and .f4p for audio-only content.
  23. Adobe Flash Video File Format Specification, [30] p. 1. SWF File Format Specification, [31] p. 188.
  24. Also .oga, .ogg or .opus for audio-only content. [32] [33]
  25. Chapters stored as Vorbis comments [37] are well supported by common tools such as FFmpeg and VLC.

Some features are only supported by a few containers:

Some common multimedia file formats are not completely distinct container formats. Some are containers for specific audio and video coding formats, such as WebM, a subset of Matroska. Some are combinations of common container formats and audio and video coding profiles, such as AVCHD and DivX formats. Although sometimes compared to DivX products, Xvid is neither a container format nor a video format, it is a software library that encodes video using specific coding profiles of the common MPEG-4 ASP video format. Those types of restrictions are intended to simplify the construction of multimedia recorders and players.

Video coding formats support

Video container support for video coding formats
FormatTypeInitial releaseLicense [lower-alpha 1] MKV MP4 [45] QTFF [lower-alpha 2] ASF [47] AVI [lower-alpha 3] MXF PS, TS [upper-roman 1] 3GP, 3G2
MPEG-H HEVC (H.265) Lossy or lossless 2013-06Patent encumbered [52] Yes [upper-roman 2] YesYes [55] YesYesYes [56] YesYes
MPEG-4 AVC (H.264) Lossy or lossless 2004-08Patent encumbered [57] YesYesYesYesYes [upper-roman 3] YesYes [58] Yes
AV1 Lossy or lossless 2018-03Patent claims Beta [59] YesNoNoNoNoPlannedNo
VP9 Lossy or lossless 2013-06Patent claimsYesYesNoYesYesNoNoNo
VP8 Lossy or lossless 2008-09Patent claimsYesYesNoYesYesNoNoNo
Dirac Lossy or lossless 2008-03Patent-free [60] VCM [lower-alpha 4] NoYesNoNeeds Dirac [61] NoPrivateNo
MVC Stereoscopic 2009-05Patent encumberedYes [41] NoNoNoNoNo [upper-roman 4] [upper-roman 5] NoYes
MPEG-1 Video Lossy 1993-08Expired patents [64] [65] YesYesYesYesYesYesYesNo
MPEG-2 Video Lossy 1996-05Expired patentsYesYesYesYesYesYesYesNo
MPEG-4 Visual Lossy 1999-12Patent encumbered [66] YesYesFirst editionYesYesYesYesYes
Microsoft MPEG4 V2 Lossy 2003Patent encumbered, proprietaryYesNot standardNot standardYesYesNoNoNo
VC-1 Lossy 2006-02Patent encumbered [67] VCM [lower-alpha 4] Yes [68] YesYesYesYesNoNo
H.263 Lossy 1996-03Patent encumbered [66] NoYesYesYesYesNoNoYes
Theora Lossy 2004-06Free license [69] YesNoNoNoNeeds ffdshow NoNoNo
Cinepak Lossy 1991 Proprietary YesNoYesNoYesNoNoNo
Sorenson Lossy 1998-03 Proprietary YesNoVersions 1 and 3NoVersion 1NoNoNo
RealVideo Lossy 1997-02 Proprietary RV10, RV20, RV30, RV40RV60NoNoNot standardNoNoNo
VP6 Lossy 2003-05 Proprietary NoNoNoNoNeeds VP6 [70] [71] NoNoNo
DV Intra-frame 1995 Proprietary VCM [lower-alpha 4] DVCPRO HDDV 25YesYesYes [73] [upper-roman 6] NoNo
M-JPEG Intra-frame 1994-05Expired patents [74] VCM [lower-alpha 4] YesYesYesYesNoNoNo
MJ2 Intra-frame 2003-12Patent encumbered [75] NoYesNoNoNot standardYesNoNo
Apple ProRes Intra-frame 2007-04 Proprietary NoNoYes [76] NoNoYes [76] NoNo
HuffYUV Lossless 2000Open sourceVCM [lower-alpha 4] NoNoNoNeeds HuffYUV [77] NoNoNo
YCbCr [upper-roman 7] Not compressed 1982Patent-freeYes SheerVideo YesYesYesYes [78] NoNo
OtherOtherVariesDVC Pro 50, Photo JPEG, Graphics, QuickTime Animation Indeo JPEG 2000, TICO

Support level legend:  Full  Indirect, lossless  Partial  Depends on setup  None 

  1. See the MPEG-2 Part 1 specification [23] and registered TS identifiers. [51]
  2. HEVC is mentioned in the latest (07) draft of Matroska, [53] MKVToolNix and VLC already support it. [54]
  3. B-frames in an AVI file are a problem only for the ancient Video-for-Windows API, not for the AVI container itself.
  4. MVC is not covered by the latest iteration of the MXF standards. [62]
  5. MPEG, MXF, and SMPTE 381M, [63] pp. 201-219.
  6. DV, DVC Pro, and DVCam in MXF, [63] pp. 166-172.
  7. The digital YCbCr format is often informally called YUV, the analog format used as basis for it.

Some containers only support a restricted set of video formats:

Audio coding formats support

Video container support for audio coding formats
FormatTypeInitial releaseLicense [lower-alpha 1] MKV MP4 [45] QTFF [lower-alpha 2] ASF [47] AVI [lower-alpha 3] MXF PS, TS [51] 3GP 3G2
AAC Lossy 1997-12Royalties on codecs [lower-greek 1] YesYesYesAAC-LC, HE-AAC [86] AAC-LC, HE-AAC [lower-greek 2] [86] YesPrivateAAC-LC, HE-AACAAC-LC, HE-AAC v1
MP3 Lossy 1991-12Expired patents [87] YesYesMPEG-1 AudioYesYes [lower-greek 2] YesYesNoNo
AC-3 Lossy 1991-02Expired patentsYesYes [90] YesYesYesYesPrivateNoNo
E-AC-3 Lossy 2005-02Patent encumbered QuickTime [lower-greek 3] YesYesYesNoNoNoNoNo
DTS Lossy 1993-06 Proprietary YesYesNoYesYesNoPrivateNoNo
WMA Lossy 1999-08 Proprietary [91] ACM [lower-alpha 4] NoNoYesYesNoNoNoNo
Opus Lossy 2012-09Royalty-freeYesYesYesYesYesNoYesNoNo
Vorbis Lossy 2000-05Open source [92] YesPrivateNoNoTricky [lower-greek 4] NoNoNoNo
MP2 Lossy 1991-12Patent-free [lower-greek 5] YesYesNoYesYesYesYesNoNo
MP1 Lossy 1991-12Expired patentsYesYesNoYesYesYesYesNoNo
QDesign Music 1 and 2 Lossy 1998 Proprietary QuickTime [lower-greek 3] NoYesNoNoNoNoNoNo
ATRAC3 Lossy 2000-09 Proprietary YesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
FLAC Lossless 2001-07Open sourceYesYesNoYesYesNoNoNoNo
ALAC Lossless 2004-04Open sourceYesYesYesYesYesNoNoNoNo
WMA Lossless Lossless 2003-01 Proprietary [96] ACM [lower-alpha 4] NoNoYesYesNoNoNoNo
DTS-HD Lossless 2011-08 Proprietary YesYes [45] YesNoNoNoNoNoNo
Dolby TrueHD Lossless 2006-04 Proprietary Mature [lower-greek 6] YesNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
MLP Lossless 1999-03 Proprietary NoYes [45] NoNoNoNoPrivateNoNo
ALS Lossless 2006-03Patent encumberedNoYesNoNoNoNoYesNoNo
SLS Lossless 2006-06Patent encumberedNoYesNoNoNoNoYesNoNo
LPCM Not compressed 1979Patent-free [97] YesYesYesYesYesYesPrivateNoNo
A-law PCM Not compressed 1972-12Expired patents [98] ACM [lower-alpha 4] NoYesNoYesYesNoNoNo
μ-law PCM Not compressed 1972-12Expired patents [98] ACM [lower-alpha 4] NoYesYesYesNoNoNoNo
IEEE floating-point PCM Not compressed ≥1985Patent-free [lower-greek 7] YesNoYesYesYesNoNoNoNo
Microsoft ADPCM Not compressed 1992-05 Proprietary ACM [lower-alpha 4] NoYesYes [47] YesNoNoNoNo
DV Audio Not compressed 1995 Proprietary NoYesYesNoNoYes [73] NoNoNo
AMR Speech 1999-06Patent encumberedNoYesNoYesYesNoNoYes AMR-NB , AMR-WB
G.728 Speech 1992-09Expired patentsNoNoNoNoYesNoNoNoNo
Speex Speech 2003-03Open source [99] ACM [lower-alpha 4] NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
QCELP Speech 1994 Proprietary NoNoYesYesNoNoNoNo13K
OtherOtherVaries Musepack, WavPack, TTA, any format supported by ACM IMA 4:1, non-IEEE floating-point PCM, integer PCMMicrosoft GSM 6.10G.721, G.722, G.723, G.726, G.729a, CVSD, ATRAC1, Dolby AC-2 EVS EVRC, EVRC-B , EVRC-WB, SMV, VMR-WB
ObsoleteOtherVariesMACE 3:1, MACE 6:1 Truespeech, many others

Support level legend:  Full  Indirect, lossless  Partial  Depends on setup  None 

  1. License required from manufacturers or developers of codecs, but no license fees for the distribution of content. [85]
  2. 1 2 Setting dwSampleSize to 0 in the stream headers triggers VBR stream seeking [88] allowing VBR audio formats in AVI. [89]
  3. 1 2 Matroska can support some codecs privately when wrapped in a QuickTime data structure. [72]
  4. Vorbis is not officially supported in AVI. While it can technically be muxed into AVI using FFmpeg, Nandub and AVI-Mux GUI [93] many sources report trouble playing back the resulting files, [94] which are incompatible with existing Vorbis decoders for DirectShow and ACM, occasionally causing desynchronization when seeking.
  5. Proprietary tools. [95]
  6. Dolby TrueHD is supported by common tools such as MKVToolNix and VLC.
  7. Special case of LPCM. [97]

Some containers only support a restricted set of audio formats:

Audio-only content can sometimes be placed in a simpler audio-only container, such as Native FLAC for FLAC [103] and ADTS for AAC.

Subtitle formats support

Video container support for subtitle formats
FormatTypeInitial releaseLicense [lower-alpha 1] MKV [104] MP4 QTFF [lower-alpha 2] ASF [47] AVI [lower-roman 1] MXF [lower-roman 2] PS, TS [51] 3GP, 3G2
SubRip [lower-roman 3] Formatted text 2000-03Open sourceYes [110] As TTXT [111] As TTXT [111] As SAMI [lower-roman 4] Needs alterations [93] As SMPTE-TTNoAs TTXT [111]
WebVTT Formatted text 2010-08Open sourceYes [112] Yes [113] As TTXT [111] NoNoAs SMPTE-TTNoAs TTXT [111]
ASS, SSA Formatted text 1996Open sourceYes [114] NoNoNoNeeds alterations [93] As SMPTE-TTNoNo
TTXT [lower-roman 5] XML 2006-04Patent encumberedNo [lower-roman 6] YesYes [46] NoNoNoNoYes
USF XML 2002-11 Proprietary PlannedNoNoNoNeeds alterationsNoNoNo
SAMI HTML 1998-06 Proprietary NoNoNoYesNeeds alterationsAs SMPTE-TTNoNo
VobSub Picture2001Patent encumberedMature [lower-roman 7] YesNot standardNoNeeds alterationsNoNoNo
PGS [lower-roman 8] Picture2006-03Patent encumberedMature [lower-roman 7] As VobSub [lower-roman 9] NoNoNoNoNoNo
DVB-SUB [117] Picture1997-09Patent encumberedMature [lower-roman 7] NoNoNoNoYes [118] YesNo
Ogg Kate [119] Picture or formatted text 2008-03Open sourceMature [lower-roman 7] NoNoNoNoNoNoNo
TextST [lower-roman 8] Text stream2006-03Patent encumbered Beta NoNoNoNoNoNoNo
MicroDVD Plain text 2000-03 Proprietary NoNoNoNoNeeds alterationsNoNoNo
OtherOtherVariesGeneric bitmap images, generic plain text [53] BIFS Quicktime SMIL, EIA-608 , CTA-708 XSUB [lower-roman 10] SMPTE-TT, EBU-TT [107] [122] CTA-708

Support level legend:  Full  Indirect, lossless  Partial, lossy  Depends on setup  None 

  1. AVI is not designed to embed subtitles, requiring changes to the format and third party tools such as DirectVobSub [105] and VLC.
  2. SMPTE standardized the format for text subtitles in MXF [106] [107] [108] without a reference software implementation, leaving it to independent developers. [109]
  3. SubRip can be converted losslessly to and from native subtitle formats of several containers, and this conversion is supported by many common tools.
  4. Requires tools that are not officially related to the container format. [109]
  5. TTXT is often called MPEG-4 Timed Text (MP4TT, MP4-TT) or 3GPP Timed Text (3GPP-TT, tx3g).
  6. MPEG-4 Timed Text subtitles aren't supported in Matroska according to developer of MKVToolNix. [115]
  7. 1 2 3 4 VobSub, PGS, DVB-SUB and Ogg Kate are well supported by common tools such as MKVToolNix and VLC. The storage format is specified, [53] but the specification is not officially approved yet.
  8. 1 2 HDMV PGS and TextST subtitles are used on HD DVD and Blu-ray.
  9. Requires tools that are not officially related to the container format. [116]
  10. Needs alterations to the container. [120] [121]

Some containers only support a restricted set of subtitle formats:

Converting image subtitles to text formats is possible using third-party tools [127] but relies on optical character recognition, which is not perfectly accurate and can at best extract basic formatting. Conversion of text to images is possible while preserving content and style. Round-trip format conversion between text formats may not be possible without losing some formatting features.

Overhead

Multimedia containers interleave data in media streams to enable efficient playback using fewer computational resources, such as time spent reading from the storage drive, memory needed to buffer selected media streams, and time spent decoding when seeking to a different position in time. In this sense, muxing overhead is the control information added by the container to carry interleaved streams. A smaller overhead results in a smaller file when carrying the same streams with the same data. Overhead is affected by the total number of packets and by the size of stream packet headers. In high bitrate encodings, the content payload is usually large enough to make the overhead data relatively insignificant, but in low bitrate encodings, the inefficiency of the overhead can significantly affect the resulting file size if the container uses large stream packet headers or a large number of packets.

In general, Matroska [128] requires the least overhead, followed by MP4, AVI and Ogg. [129]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 Indicates whether the standard is open or proprietary, patent-free or encumbered, whether royalty payments are required for streaming and codec implementation, and may indicate the availability of free tools for it. [1]
  2. 1 2 3 See the QuickTime File Format Specification [46] and MP4RA's Entry Codes Registered for QuickTime. [45]
  3. 1 2 AVI officially supports all codecs in the Media Foundation [48] [47] which is an evolution of VCM and ACM, both of which are now obsolete. Some older codecs used to be officially supported, [49] and there are many known non-standard third-party extensions. [50]
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Matroska can support some codecs when wrapped in two specific Video for Windows data structures, VCM and ACM, [72] but support outside Windows may be limited. [72]
  5. Adobe Flash Video File Format Specification, [30] p. 72, sec. E.4.3.1; p. 1. SWF File Format Specification, [31] Chapter 14: Video, pp. 204-218.
  6. 1 2 3 Xiph has standardized the support for codecs in Ogg, [32] but added support for more codecs afterwards. [79] [33]
  7. Adobe Flash Video File Format Specification, [30] pp. 7-8, sec. 1.8.
  8. Adobe Flash Video File Format Specification, [30] p. 70, sec. E.4.3.2; p. 1. SWF File Format Specification, [31] Chapter 11: Sounds, pp. 177-192. SWF File Format Specification Version 10, ADPCM Compression. [100]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ogg</span> Open container format maintained by the Xiph.Org Foundation

Ogg is a free, open container format maintained by the Xiph.Org Foundation. The authors of the Ogg format state that it is unrestricted by software patents and is designed to provide for efficient streaming and manipulation of high-quality digital multimedia. Its name is derived from "ogging", jargon from the computer game Netrek.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vorbis</span> Royalty-free lossy audio encoding format

Vorbis is a free and open-source software project headed by the Xiph.Org Foundation. The project produces an audio coding format and software reference encoder/decoder (codec) for lossy audio compression, libvorbis. Vorbis is most commonly used in conjunction with the Ogg container format and it is therefore often referred to as Ogg Vorbis.

Audio Video Interleave is a proprietary multimedia container format and Windows standard introduced by Microsoft in November 1992 as part of its Video for Windows software. AVI files can contain both audio and video data in a file container that allows synchronous audio-with-video playback. Like the DVD video format, AVI files support multiple streaming audio and video, although these features are seldom used.

A video file format is a type of file format for storing digital video data on a computer system. Video is almost always stored using lossy compression to reduce the file size.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DivX</span> Brand of video codec products by DivX, LLC

DivX is a brand of video codec products developed by DivX, LLC. There are three DivX codecs: the original MPEG-4 Part 2 DivX codec, the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC DivX Plus HD codec and the High Efficiency Video Coding DivX HEVC Ultra HD codec. The most recent version of the codec itself is version 6.9.2, which is several years old. New version numbers on the packages now reflect updates to the media player, converter, etc.

Material Exchange Format (MXF) is a container format for professional digital video and audio media defined by a set of SMPTE standards. A typical example of its use is for delivering advertisements to TV stations and tapeless archiving of broadcast TV programs. It is also used as part of the Digital Cinema Package for delivering movies to commercial theaters.

Theora is a free lossy video compression format. It was developed by the Xiph.Org Foundation and distributed without licensing fees alongside their other free and open media projects, including the Vorbis audio format and the Ogg container.

Dirac is an open and royalty-free video compression format, specification and software video codec developed by BBC Research & Development. Dirac aimed to provide high-quality video compression for Ultra HDTV and competed with existing formats such as H.264.

Matroska is a project to create a container format that can hold an unlimited number of video, audio, picture, or subtitle tracks in one file. The Matroska Multimedia Container is similar in concept to other containers like AVI, MP4, or Advanced Systems Format (ASF), but is an open standard.

Windows Media Video (WMV) is a series of video codecs and their corresponding video coding formats developed by Microsoft. It is part of the Windows Media framework. WMV consists of three distinct codecs: The original video compression technology known as WMV, was originally designed for Internet streaming applications, as a competitor to RealVideo. The other compression technologies, WMV Screen and WMV Image, cater for specialized content. After standardization by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), WMV version 9 was adapted for physical-delivery formats such as HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc and became known as VC-1. Microsoft also developed a digital container format called Advanced Systems Format to store video encoded by Windows Media Video.

The following comparison of video players compares general and technical information for notable software media player programs.

A container format or metafile is a file format that allows multiple data streams to be embedded into a single file, usually along with metadata for identifying and further detailing those streams. Notable examples of container formats include archive files and formats used for multimedia playback. Among the earliest cross-platform container formats were Distinguished Encoding Rules and the 1985 Interchange File Format.

QuickTime File Format (QTFF) is a computer file format used natively by the QuickTime framework.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KMPlayer</span> Freeware media player for Microsoft Windows

K-Multimedia Player is an Adware-supported media player for Windows and iOS that can play most current audio and video formats, including VCD, HDML, DVD, AVI, MKV, Ogg, OGM, 3GP, MPEG-1/2/4, AAC, WMA 7, 8, WMV, RealMedia, FLV and QuickTime. KMPlayer shows many advertisements, including in the homepage, side panels, options panel, and as pop-up ads.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GOM Player</span> Media player

GOM Player is a media player for Windows, developed by GOM & Company. With more than 100 million downloads, it is also known as the most used player in South Korea. Its main features include the ability to play some broken media files and find missing codecs using a codec finder service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Perian</span>

Perian is a discontinued open-source QuickTime component that enabled Apple Inc.’s QuickTime to play several popular video formats not supported natively by QuickTime on macOS. It was a joint development of several earlier open source components based on the multiplatform FFmpeg project's libavcodec and libavformat, as well as liba52 and libmatroska.

A demultiplexer for digital media files, or media demultiplexer, also called a file splitter by laymen or consumer software providers, is software that demultiplexes individual elementary streams of a media file, e.g., audio, video, or subtitles and sends them to their respective decoders for actual decoding. Media demultiplexers are not decoders themselves, but are format container handlers that separate media streams from a (container) file and supply them to their respective audio, video, or subtitles decoders.

The HTML5 draft specification adds video and audio elements for embedding video and audio in HTML documents. The specification had formerly recommended support for playback of Theora video and Vorbis audio encapsulated in Ogg containers to provide for easier distribution of audio and video over the internet by using open standards, but the recommendation was soon after dropped.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MediaInfo</span> Cross-platform and open-source program that displays technical information about media files.

MediaInfo is a free, cross-platform and open-source program that displays technical information about media files, as well as tag information for many audio and video files. It is used in many programs such as XMedia Recode, MediaCoder, eMule, and K-Lite Codec Pack. It can be easily integrated into any program using a supplied MediaInfo.dll. MediaInfo supports popular video formats as well as lesser known or emerging formats. In 2012 MediaInfo 0.7.57 was also distributed in the PortableApps format.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Opus (audio format)</span> Lossy audio coding format

Opus is a lossy audio coding format developed by the Xiph.Org Foundation and standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force, designed to efficiently code speech and general audio in a single format, while remaining low-latency enough for real-time interactive communication and low-complexity enough for low-end embedded processors. Opus replaces both Vorbis and Speex for new applications, and several blind listening tests have ranked it higher-quality than any other standard audio format at any given bitrate until transparency is reached, including MP3, AAC, and HE-AAC.

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