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The Constitution of Hesse, signed on the December 1, 1946, is the constitution of the German state of Hesse.
A committee was formed for the preparation of the draft constitution and made up of 12 participants from each party. Participants of the advisory state committee (German: beratender Landesausschuss) February 26 - July 14, 1946 [1] were, among others, Walter Fisch and Eleonore Wolf.
On June 30, 1946 elections were held for the state constitutional convention (Ger: verfassungsberatende Landesversammlung). Out of a total election turnout of 71%, the Social Democratic Party (SPD) got 44.3% of the delegates, the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) 37.3%, the Communist Party (KPD) 9.7% and the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) got 6%.
There were 51 participants at the state constitutional convention July 15 - November 30, 1946. [2]
Other people involved in the development of the Hesse Constitution:
The state convention adopted the historic Hesse Constitutional Compromise on September 30, 1946. On December 1, 1946, the Hesse Constitution took effect by popular vote as the first German postwar constitution, with 76.4% for the entire constitution and 72% for socialization article 41.
Article 41 provided for socialization in the mining, iron and steel sectors, as well as in energy and transportation.
Other points of constitutional importance were recognition of the dignity and humanity of people; in the economic sphere, this included the right to work, the eight-hour workday, minimum 12 days of vacation, the right to strike, as well as a uniform industrial law for workers, employees and officials in which lockout is prohibited. Due to the recency of historical events under National Socialism, the social aspects of the constitution went much further than they did in constitutions adopted later on by the other Federal states in Germany.
Article 21 used to be a legal curiosity. According to it, the death penalty may be imposed for particularly grave crimes. Article 21 was changed in 2018 and its content replaced with The Death penalty is abolished so that it mirrors the Federal Constitution. [3] Before that, Article 21 was no longer in effect due to the abolishment of the death penalty at the level of the Federal constitution. The same goes for lockout, which is unlawful according to the Hesse constitution.
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Hesse-Homburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire and a sovereign member of the German Confederation, which consisted of the lordship of Homburg at the foot of the Taunus, which was then known as Die Höhe. The reigning princes belonged to the Darmstadt line of the House of Hesse. It was created in 1622 by the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt to be ruled by one of his sons, but from 1622 to 1768 and again from 1806 to 1815, the territory was part of Hesse-Darmstadt. It was briefly divided into Hesse-Homburg and Hesse-Homburg-Bingenheim; but these parts were reunited in 1681. In 1815, it became a sovereign principality, expanded with the addition of Oberamt Meisenheim in the Rhineland to give a total area of 221 km². When the reigning princely family died out in March 1866, the territory returned to Hesse-Darmstadt, but the latter was forced to cede the territory to Prussia in September of the same year after it was defeated in the Austro-Prussian War.
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The People's State of Hesse was one of the constituent states of Germany from 1918 to 1945, as the successor to the Grand Duchy of Hesse after the defeat of the German Empire in World War I, on the territory of the current German states of Hesse and the Rhineland-Palatinate. The State was established after Grand Duke Ernest Louis was deposed on 9 November 1918. The term "People's State" referred to the fact that the new state was a Republic and was used in the same manner as the term Free State, which was employed by most of the other German States in this period.
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The State Office for the Protection of the Constitution of Hesse is the constitutional protection authority of the state of Hesse. As a higher state authority, it is directly subordinate to the Hessian Ministry of the Interior and Sport and is based in Wiesbaden. The authority, established on July 19, 1951, has 375 employees and is divided into six departments with twenty-two divisions. In Hesse's operating budget, the office is allocated 39.1 million euros for 2023.
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