Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4, with some mixture of ethane, C2H6) that has been cooled down to liquid form for ease and safety of non-pressurized storage or transport. It takes up about 1/600th the volume of natural gas in the gaseous state at standard conditions for temperature and pressure.
A floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) unit is a floating vessel used by the offshore oil and gas industry for the production and processing of hydrocarbons, and for the storage of oil. An FPSO vessel is designed to receive hydrocarbons produced by itself or from nearby platforms or subsea template, process them, and store oil until it can be offloaded onto a tanker or, less frequently, transported through a pipeline. FPSOs are preferred in frontier offshore regions as they are easy to install, and do not require a local pipeline infrastructure to export oil. FPSOs can be a conversion of an oil tanker or can be a vessel built specially for the application. A vessel used only to store oil is referred to as a floating storage and offloading (FSO) vessel.
Elba Island is an island in the Savannah River, near the US port city of Savannah, Georgia on the Atlantic Ocean. It functions as an import and export facility for liquefied natural gas. The island lies five miles downstream from the city of Savannah, and is part of Chatham County, Georgia. Its name comes from the Mediterranean island of Elba.
The North Baja Pipeline is an overall 220-mile (350 km), bidirectional natural gas pipeline that can deliver gas from Arizona, through California, and into Mexico or from Mexico into the United States.
Sempra is a North American public utility holding company based in San Diego, California. The company is one of the largest utility holding companies in the United States with nearly 40 million consumers. Sempra's focus is on electric and natural gas infrastructure and its operating companies include: Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas) and San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E) in Southern California; Oncor Electric Delivery Company in Texas; and Sempra Infrastructure, with offices in California.
The Arab Gas Pipeline is a natural gas pipeline in the Middle East. It originates near Arish in the Sinai Peninsula and was built to export Egyptian natural gas to Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon, with branch underwater and overland pipelines to and from Israel. It has a total length of 1,200 kilometres (750 mi), constructed at a cost of US$1.2 billion.
Cove Point LNG Terminal is an offshore liquid natural gas shipping terminal operated by BHE GT&S, a Berkshire Hathaway Energy company. It is located near Lusby, Maryland, United States, on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay, and exports liquefied natural gas (LNG) and also stores gas. LNG is exported on specially designed ships known as LNG carriers.
Gulf Gateway Deepwater Port was the first offshore liquefied natural gas LNG import facility.
An LNG carrier is a tank ship designed for transporting liquefied natural gas (LNG).
LNG Hrvatska d.o.o. is a company that operates a floating liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification terminal in Omišalj on the island of Krk, Croatia. It commenced operations on 1 January 2021, with full capacity booked for the next three years.
Yamal project, also referred to as Yamal megaproject, is a long-term plan to exploit and bring to the markets the vast natural gas reserves in the Yamal Peninsula, Russia. Administratively, the project is located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
Oregon LNG is an American energy company whose sole project was a proposal to build a bi-directional liquefied natural gas (LNG) production, shipping, and receiving hub and a natural gas pipeline in northwest Oregon. Oregon LNG is controlled by the US conglomerate Leucadia National Corporation, listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The Oregon LNG Project announced that it was ceasing operations on 15 April 2016.
The Azerbaijan–Georgia–Romania Interconnector (AGRI) is a proposed project to transport Azerbaijani natural gas to Romania and further to Central Europe. Natural gas would be transported by the pipeline from Sangachal Terminal in Azerbaijan to the Kulevi Terminal at the Black Sea coast of Georgia. In Kulevi, the liquefied natural gas export terminal would be built. Liquefied natural gas will be transported by LNG tankers to the Constanța terminal in Romania. After regasification natural gas will be delivered through the existing gas grid to Romania and other European countries. Alternative to the transportation of liquefied natural gas is transportation of compressed natural gas.
The Świnoujście LNG terminal is a liquefied natural gas (LNG) import terminal at Świnoujście, in the extreme north-west of Poland near the Polish-German border. The LNG terminal is operated by Polskie LNG S.A., a subsidiary of Gaz-System. The cornerstone for construction was laid on 23 March 2011 and it took its first LNG delivery on 11 December 2015. The terminal's regasification capacity is 5 billion cubic metres per annum. The terminal is currently being expanded and once the expansion is complete in 2023, it will have a capacity of 7.5 billion cubic metres per annum and be able to satisfy about half of Poland's annual natural gas demand. Together with the 10 bcm of natural gas that Poland will receive annually from Norway via the Baltic Pipe natural gas pipeline, the Świnoujście LNG terminal will allow Poland to achieve its long-term goal of becoming fully independent of Russian natural gas, which had previously been the source of almost all of the country's natural gas.
A liquefied natural gas terminal is a facility for managing the import and/or export of liquefied natural gas (LNG). It comprises equipment for loading and unloading of LNG cargo to/from ocean-going tankers, for transfer across the site, liquefaction, re-gasification, processing, storage, pumping, compression, and metering of LNG. LNG as a liquid is the most efficient way to transport natural gas over long distances, usually by sea.
Klaipėda LNG terminal is an liquefied natural gas import terminal in the port of Klaipėda, Lithuania. It cost US$128 million to construct. The developer and owner of the project is KN Energies.
LNG Canada Development Inc. is an industrial joint venture established to construct a liquefied natural gas (LNG) export terminal in Kitimat, British Columbia, Canada. The consortium is led by Shell and also includes Petronas, PetroChina, Mitsubishi, and Korea Gas. The Kitimat terminal will export LNG produced in the Montney Formation near Dawson Creek, B.C by the project's partners.
The Russia–EU gas dispute flared up in March 2022 following the invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. Russia and the major EU countries clashed over the issue of payment for natural gas pipelined to Europe by Russia's Gazprom, amidst sanctions on Russia that were expanded in response to Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine. In June, Gazprom claimed it was obliged to cut the flow of gas to Germany by more than half, as a result of such sanctions that prevented the Russian company from receiving its turbine component from Canada. On 26 September 2022, three of the four pipes of the Nord Stream 1 and 2 gas pipelines exploded with evidence of sabotage. As President Biden had made explicit remarks threatening the integrity of the Nord Stream pipeline should Russia invade Ukraine, the sabotage of the pipelines is presumed to have been carried out by the United States. The explosion resulted in a record release of 115,000 tons of methane, and is believed to have made a contribution to global warming.
Wilhelmshaven LNG terminal is Germany's first liquefied natural gas (LNG) shipping terminal, situated near Wilhelmshaven, Germany on the North Sea. It had been in the planning stages since the mid-2010s, and in 2022 gained rapid regulatory authority approval for construction following the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the global natural gas supply crisis.
