Eldredgeops rana

Eldredgeops rana Temporal range: Givetian–Frasnian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Clade:	† Artiopoda
Class:	† Trilobita
Order:	† Phacopida
Family:	† Phacopidae
Genus:	† Eldredgeops
Species:	†E. rana
Binomial name
†Eldredgeops rana (Green, 1832)
Subspecies [1]
E. rana rana E. rana africanaBurton & Eldredge, 1974 E. rana crassituberculataStumm, 1953 E. rana milleriStewart, 1927 E. rana norwoodiensisStumm, 1953 E. rana paucituberculataEldredge, 1972 E. rana tindoufensisBurton & Eldredge, 1974

Eldredgeops rana (synonym ^{[2] [3] [4]} Phacops rana) is a species of trilobite from the middle Devonian period. Their fossils are found chiefly in the northeastern United States, and southwestern Ontario.

Because of its abundance and popularity with collectors, Eldredgeops rana was designated the Pennsylvania state fossil by the state's General Assembly on December 5, 1988. ^[5]

Description

Eldredgeops rana fossils

Eldredgeops rana can be recognized by its large eyes (which remind some observers of a frog's eyes—the specific name rana is a reference to a common frog), its fairly large size (up to 6 inches long), and its habit of rolling up into a ball like a pill bug ("volvation"). In order to protect themselves from predators, Eldredgeops rana would roll into a ball with its hard exoskeleton on the outside as protection. Many other trilobites possessed the same ability, but Eldredgeops rana nearly perfected it. The slightest amount of sediment would trigger their senses, and Eldredgeops rana would be hidden in a tiny shelter made of its own body.^{[ citation needed ]} Although this safety feature often helped them to evade predators, occasionally it backfired and the trilobite would be buried under heavy sediment. Their fossils can still be found in balled-up positions 400 million years later.

Fossilisation

Eldredgeops rana is found in the northeastern U.S, southwestern Ontario, and in Morocco; North America was attached to the African Plate during the Devonian.

Phacopid eyes

Enrolled Eldredgeops rana from an outcrop of the Middle Devonian Mahantango Formation near Milesburg, Pennsylvania, with schizochroal eye visible

The most striking feature of the morphology of Eldredgeops rana and its relatives is their eyes. These differed from the eyes of most trilobites in having comparatively few lenses spaced between deep sclera. The lenses themselves were very rounded instead of largely flat. The eyes were mounted on turret-like structures which could swivel, providing the animal with an almost 360-degree field of view. This type of eye is known as the schizochroal eye.

Distinguishing eye of Eldredgeops rana

References

1. Burton, C. J.; Eldredge, N. (1974). "Two new subspecies of Phacops rana (Trilobita) from the Middle Devonian of North-West Africa" (PDF). Palaeontology. 17 (2): 349. Archived from the original on 2013-11-04.
2. Struve, W. "Paläozoologie III (1986–1990)." Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 127 (1990): 251-279.
3. https://devonianatlas.org/species/eldredgeops-rana/
4. https://www.thefossilforum.com/topic/47202-phacops-vs-eldredgeops/
5. Harper, John (2013). "Reflections on Phacops rana (Green), Pennsylvania's State Fossil" (PDF). Pennsylvania Geology. 43 (2): 3–10.

• Arthropods portal
• Paleontology portal

• Some of the information in this article was taken from the website A Guide to the Orders of Trilobites, by Sam Gon III.
• Picture courtesy of "Valdosta State University Virtual Fossil Museum". Phacops Rana. Retrieved August 22, 2005.
• Color reconstruction of Eldredgeops (Phacops) rana at www.emilydamstra.com

• McRoberts, Christopher A.; Hegna, Thomas A.; Burke, Jeri J.; Stice, Morgan L.; Mize, Steven K.; Martin, Markus J. "Original spotted patterns on Middle Devonian phacopid trilobites from western and central New York".