Eucalyptus loxophleba

Last updated

York gum
Eucalyptus loxophleba mallee roadside orig.jpg
Mallee form of Eucalyptus loxophleba near the Murchison River
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species:
E. loxophleba
Binomial name
Eucalyptus loxophleba

Eucalyptus loxophleba, commonly known as York gum, [2] daarwet, goatta, twotta or yandee, is a species of tree or mallee that is endemic to Western Australia. It has rough bark on the trunk, smooth olive to brownish bark above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flowers buds in groups of between seven and eleven, white flowers and conical fruit.

Contents

flower buds Eucalyptus loxophleba buds.jpg
flower buds
fruit Eucalyptus loxophleba fruit.jpg
fruit

Description

Eucalyptus loxophleba is a mallee or a tree that typically grows to a height of 5 to 15 metres (16 to 49 ft) and forms a lignotuber. The trunk has a diameter of about of 0.6 metres (2 ft) and varying amounts, depending on subspecies, of rough fibrous-flaky or smooth bark on the trunk and smooth grey-brown over copper bark above. Young plants and coppice regrowth have more or less triangular, egg-shaped or almost round glaucous leaves that are 45–100 mm (1.8–3.9 in) long and 35–90 mm (1.4–3.5 in) wide. Adult leaves are lance-shaped to curved, the same glossy, dark green on both sides, 70–155 mm (2.8–6.1 in) long and 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) wide tapering to a petiole 10–25 mm (0.39–0.98 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven, nine or eleven on an unbranched peduncle 5–15 mm (0.20–0.59 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels 1–5 mm (0.039–0.197 in) long. Mature buds are oval to pear shaped, 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide with a rounded operculum. Flowering has been observed in most months and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, conical capsule 4–8 mm (0.16–0.31 in) long and 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) wide with the valves below rim level. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]

Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus loxophleba was first formally described in 1867 by George Bentham in Volume 3 of Flora Australiensis . [7] [8]

In 1903 William Fitzgerald changed the name to Eucalyptus foecunda var. loxophleba, but the name is not accepted by the Australian Plant Census. [1] [9]

Hybrids with E. absita [10] and E. wandoo [11] have been recorded.

The specific epithet (loxophleba) is derived from the Greek loxos meaning "cross-wise" and phleps phlebos meaning "a vein". [12] Noongar peoples know the tree as daarwet, goatta, twotta or yandee, [13] the latter is noted as in popular use. [14]

In 1972, Ian Brooker described the subspecies gratiae and loxophleba [15] and in 1992 Lawrie Johnson and Ken Hill described subspecies lissophloia and supralaevis. [16] All four names have been accepted by the Australian Plant Census.

Distribution and habitat

Woodlands containing E. loxophleba are found across a broad swathe of Western Australia from the Mid West south through the Wheatbelt and east into the Goldfields-Esperance region of the state. It is found among rocky outcrops and on flats, rises, slopes, hilltops, near salt lakes and along drainage lines. The species will grow in a range of soil types such as red-brown or rocky loam, in sands or sandy clays over laterite, dolerite or granite. [3] The tree was recorded as common around the early settlement of York, whence the vernacular "York gum" is derived, and areas near Bolgart, Toodyay, Northam and from Narrogin to Broomehill. [22]

Subspecies gratiae occurs between Dumbleyung and Lake King, subspecies loxophleba from near Moora to Bruce Rock and Chillinup on the Pallinup River, subspecies lissophloia further inland between Bencubbin, Merredin, Lake Minigwal, Coonana and Peak Charles and subspecies supralaevis in more northern areas between the Murchison River, Dongara, Lake Barlee, the Die Hardy Range and Wongan Hills. [15] [16]

Conservation status

This eucalypt is classified as "not threatened" in Western Australia by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife. [3]

Ecology

Hollows in live or dead trees with a diameter at breast height of over 500 mm (20 in) are a known nesting areas [23] for six species of Black cockatoos, two of which are endangered species, [24] including Carnaby's black cockatoo. The birds use these sites, when situated in woodlands or forests, as a breeding habitat. [23] Carnaby's black cockatoos are also known to use the flowers and seeds as a food source and the tree as a roosting site. [25]

Uses

Natural populations of E. loxophleba grow in areas affected by dryland salinity. All four subspecies could possibly be used in the remediation of dryland salinity, but subspecies lissophloia has been more widely cultivated because of its potential as an oil mallee. This subspecies has also been introduced to the eastern States in planting for carbon sequestration. Historically, the wood of subspecies loxophleba was used by wheelwrights and similar workers. [6] [22]

The heartwood of the tree is yellow-brown, hard and tough with an interlocked grain. The wood has a green density of about 1185 kg/m3 and an air-dried density about 1060 kg/m3.

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Eucalyptus erythronema</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus erythronema, commonly known as the red-flowered mallee, is a species of mallee or tree and is endemic to Western Australia. It has smooth, dark pink to red bark that is shed to reveal whitish bark, and has lance-shaped adult leaves, pendulous flower buds mostly arranged in groups of three, red or yellow flowers and conical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus rudis</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus rudis, commonly known as flooded gum or moitch, is a species of small to medium-sized tree endemic to coastal areas near Perth, Western Australia. The Noongar names for the tree are colaille, gooloorto, koolert and moitch. This tree has rough, fibrous bark on the trunk and large branches, smooth greyish bark above, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, white flowers and bell-shaped, cup-shaped or hemispherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus eudesmioides</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus eudesmioides, commonly known as mallalie, desert gum or mallabie is a species of mallee that is endemic to Western Australia. It is a rounded, bushy mallee with smooth bark, egg-shaped to heart-shaped leaves arranged in opposite pairs, club-shaped flower buds arranged in groups of three, whitish flowers and cylindrical to barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus wandoo</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus wandoo, commonly known as wandoo, dooto, warrnt or wornt and sometimes as white gum, is a small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of nine to seventeen, white flowers and conical to cylindrical fruit. It is one of a number of similar Eucalyptus species known as wandoo.

<i>Eucalyptus socialis</i> Species of plant

Eucalyptus socialis, commonly known as the red mallee, or grey mallee, is a species of mallee that is endemic to inland Australia.

<i>Eucalyptus calycogona</i> Species of plant in Australia

Eucalyptus calycogona, commonly known as the gooseberry mallee or square fruited mallee, is a mallee that is endemic to southern Australia. It has smooth bark, narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds that are square in cross-section arranged in groups of seven in leaf axils, creamy white, sometimes pink flowers, and fruit that are square in cross-section.

<i>Eucalyptus capillosa</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus capillosa, commonly known as wheatbelt wandoo, or mallee wandoo, is a species of tree or mallee that is endemic to Western Australia. It has smooth, grey bark, lance-shaped to elliptic adult leaves, spindle-shaped flower buds in groups of nine to thirteen, white flowers and barrel-shaped to cylindrical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus effusa</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus effusa, commonly known as rough-barked gimlet, is a species of mallee or small tree that is endemic to Western Australia. It has thin, rough bark on the base of the trunk, smooth bark above, linear to narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds arranged in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped to conical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus gittinsii</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus gittinsii, commonly known as northern sandplain mallee, is a species of mallee that is endemic to Western Australia. It has smooth greyish bark, sometimes with rough flaky bark near the base, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, whitish flowers and cylindrical to barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus goniantha</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus goniantha, commonly known as Jerdacuttup mallee, is a species of mallee, or rarely a tree, that is endemic to Western Australia. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, creamy white flowers and more or less ribbed, hemispherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus kessellii</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus kessellii, commonly known as Jerdacuttup mallee, is a species of mallee that is endemic to an area along the south coast of Western Australia. It has very hard, rough bark on the trunk of larger specimens, smooth greyish and brownish bark above, lance-shaped to egg-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, creamy white flowers and downturned, conical to cup-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus leucophloia</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus leucophloia, commonly known as snappy gum or migum, is a species of small tree or mallee that is endemic to northern Australia. The indigenous Mangarayi and Yangman peoples know the tree as mirndir, the Ngarluma name it as malygan and Yindjibarndi peoples know the tree as majgan. It has smooth, powdery bark, lance-shaped to egg-shaped adult leaves, flower buds usually in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped, barrel-shaped or hemispherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus ligulata</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus ligulata, commonly known as Lucky Bay mallee, is a mallee that is native to a few small areas along the south coast of Western Australia. It has smooth bark on the trunk and branches, narrow lance-shaped leaves, flower buds in groups of between nine and thirteen, creamy white flowers and cup-shaped or barrel-shaped fruit with shallow ribs on the sides.

<i>Eucalyptus mannensis</i> Species of plant

Eucalyptus mannensis, commonly known as Mann Range mallee, is a species of mallee that is native to Western Australia, South Australian and the Northern Territory. It has rough bark at the base of the trunk, smooth bark above, narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, creamy white flowers and hemispherical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus myriadena</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus myriadena, also known as blackbutt, is a species of mallee or tree that is native to Western Australia. It has rough, coarse flaky bark on part of the trunk, smooth bark above, linear to narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between nine and thirteen, white flowers and narrow cylindrical to barrel-shaped fruit. It is widely distributed in the wheatbelt and goldfield areas of the state.

Eucalyptus pruiniramis, commonly known as Jingymia gum or midlands gum is a species of mallee or tree that is endemic to a small area of Western Australia. It usually has rough bark on the lower half of the trunk, smooth bark above, dull green, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, white flowers and cylindrical to cup-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus sargentii</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus sargentii, commonly known as Salt River gum, is a species of mallet, mallee or small tree that is endemic to Western Australia. It has rough bark on part or all of the trunk, smooth bark above, linear to narrow lance-shaped leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, whitish to creamy yellow flowers and conical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus striaticalyx</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus striaticalyx, commonly known as Cue York gum or kopi gum, is a species of tree or mallee that is endemic to Western Australia. It has thick, rough, fibrous bark on the trunk and larger branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and thirteen, creamy white flowers and conical to cup-shaped fruit.

Eucalyptus subangusta is a species of tree, mallee or mallet that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has smooth bark, narrow lance-shaped leaves, flower buds in groups of up to nineteen, white flowers and cup-shaped to barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus conglobata</i> Species of plant

Eucalyptus conglobata, also known as the cong mallee or Port Lincoln mallee, is a species of eucalypt that is native to the south coast of Western Australia and South Australia. It is a mallee with smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and clustered hemispherical fruit.

References

  1. 1 2 "Eucalyptus loxophleba". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  2. 1 2 "Eucalyptus loxophleba subsp. loxophleba". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 "Eucalyptus loxophleba". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  4. ↑ Chippedale, George M. "Eucalyptus loxophleba". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  5. ↑ "York gum". Forest Products Commission. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  6. 1 2 "Eucalyptus loxophleba". Florabank. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  7. ↑ "Eucalyptus loxophleba". APNI. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  8. ↑ Bentham, George (1867). Flora Australiensis. Vol. 3. London: L. Reeve & Co. p. 252.
  9. ↑ Chippendale, G.M. in George, A.S. (ed.) (1988), Eucalyptus. Flora of Australia 19: 238, 240
  10. ↑ "Eucalyptus absia × loxophleba". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  11. ↑ "Eucalyptus absia × wandoo". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  12. ↑ Francis Aubie Sharr (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and their Meanings. Kardinya, Western Australia: Four Gables Press. p. 243. ISBN   9780958034180.
  13. ↑ "Noongar names for plants". kippleonline.net. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  14. ↑ APNI, citing Robson, Peter J. (1993), Checklist of Australian Trees: alphabetical listings of common and scientific names:
  15. 1 2 Brooker, M. Ian H. (1972). "Four new taxa of Eucalyptus from Western Australia". Nuytsia. 1 (3): 248–251. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hill, Kenneth D.; Johnson, Lawrence A.S. (1992). "Systematic studies in the eucalypts - 5. New taxa and combination in Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae)". Telopea. 4 (4): 565–571. doi: 10.7751/telopea19814948 .
  17. ↑ "Eucalyptus loxophleba subsp. gratiae". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  18. ↑ "Eucalyptus loxophleba subsp. lissophloia". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  19. ↑ "Eucalyptus loxophleba subsp. loxophleba". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  20. ↑ "Eucalyptus loxophleba subsp. supralaevis". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  21. ↑ "Eucalyptus loxophleba subsp. supralaevis". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  22. 1 2 3 Lane-Poole, C. E. (1922). A primer of forestry, with illustrations of the principal forest trees of Western Australia. Perth: F.W. Simpson, government printer. p. 86. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.61019. hdl:2027/uiug.30112041668135 . Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  23. 1 2 Kylie Del Fante (12 August 2022). "Habitat Tree and TEC Assessment" (PDF). Del Botanics Environmental Consulting.
  24. ↑ Saunders, D.A.; Smith, G.T.; Ingram, J.A.; Forrester, Robert (2003). "Changes in a remnant of Salmon Gum Eucalyptus salmonophloia and York Gum E. loxophelba woodland, 1978 to 1997: Implications for woodland conservation in the wheat-sheep regions of Australia". Australian National University. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
  25. ↑ Christine Groom (15 April 2011). "Plants Used by Carnaby's Black Cockatoo" (PDF). Department of Environment and Conservation . Retrieved 25 April 2023.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.