Evergreen | |
Location | 15900 Berkeley Dr., near Haymarket, Virginia |
---|---|
Coordinates | 38°52′55″N77°39′44″W / 38.88194°N 77.66222°W Coordinates: 38°52′55″N77°39′44″W / 38.88194°N 77.66222°W |
Area | 4 acres (1.6 ha) |
Built | c. 1827 |
Architectural style | Greek Revival, Colonial Revival |
NRHP reference No. | 08000247 [1] |
VLR No. | 076-0007 |
Significant dates | |
Added to NRHP | March 27, 2008 |
Designated VLR | December 5, 2007 [2] |
Evergreen, also known as Evergreen Plantation Manor House, is a historic plantation house located near Haymarket, Prince William County, Virginia. It is known for its association with Edmund Berkeley (1824-1915), one of four brothers who led the 8th Virginia Infantry during the American Civil War and who later became a local philanthropist and led many veterans' peace and commemorative activities.
Lewis Berkeley (1777-1836) built the house about 1827 and moved from his plantation near Aldie, Virginia. His son Edmund inherited Evergreen. When Edmund married an heiress from Tennessee, Mary Lawson Williams, her father gave Edmund the choice of a dowry in land or slaves, and Edmund Berkeley chose the latter. Thus dozens of enslaved people walked to the northern Virginia plantation from Tennessee. The Berkeleys raised 13 children on the plantation, and owned 52 enslaved people by 1860. [3] The plantation also included a spoke mill, which burned down either early in the war or shortly before the war, and was not rebuilt due to the conflict.
Edmund Berkeley raised a local militia company called the "Evergreen Guards" which was one of eight incorporated into the 8th Virginia Infantry regiment under Col. Eppa Hunton and Major Norborne Berkeley (Edumund's younger brother but an earlier VMI graduate). The unit served with distinction through many battles and was sometimes be called the "Berkeley Regiment". Norborne Berkeley soon was elected lieutenant colonel (his brothers Edmund and William captained companies, with the youngest brother Charles as William's lieutenant), and rose to become the unit's colonel with Edmund as lieutenant colonel, William as major and Charles as senior captain. Edmund, Norborne and William Berkeley were all wounded during Pickett's Charge at the Battle of Gettysburg (during which the unit suffered 90% casualties). Only Edmund was not captured afterward; his three brothers were exchanged for Union prisoners by March 18, 1864, and returned to duty. Norborne would suffer from severe rheumatism which led to his resignation and hospitalization in Richmond as the war ended; William and Charles were also captured after the Battle of Sailor's Creek on April 6, 1865. [4]
Edmund returned to rebuild Evergreen after the war, and would found a local agricultural society. Norborne and William would return to farm adjacent estates in Loudoun County, but Norborne especially had severe financial problems and would live at various family estates, including Evergreen, where he died in 1911. Immediately after the war, Norborne was elected as one of Loudoun County's delegates to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868. After the war, Edmund Berkeley became involved in commemorative activities, including the United Confederate Veterans, noting that he was the highest-ranking Confederate officer in his home Prince William County. With Union veteran Lt. George Carr Round, Edmund Berkeley helped plan the Manassas Peace Jubilee in 1911, [5] as well as contributed to Round's campaign to create Manassas National Battlefield Park (the 8th Virginia having fought in both the First Battle of Bull Run and the Second Battle of Bull Run). One of the earliest historic battlefield parks, it was authorized during the Great Depression more than two decades after his death. A historic marker for the Manassas Peace Jubilee, which prompted two larger reunions at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and the creation of Gettysburg National Military Park is on the Evergreen site. [6]
The 2+1⁄2-story, five-bay, Greek Revival style stone dwelling has a 1+1⁄2-story east wing and two-story west wing in the Colonial Revival style added about 1940. It sits on an English basement, and has a gable roof and interior end chimneys. The front facade features a three-bay, one-story, gable-roofed portico with a pedimented gable. The rear facade has a full-length, five-bay, two-story portico with large Doric order columns. [7]
The surrounding property was converted to a golf club about 1970. [8] Around 2007, local residents became concerned about the mansion's relative non-use by the golf club, and were concerned that it would become structurally unstable and razed. Instead, a preservation support group was formed and the structure added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008. [1] [3] It was subsequently converted into the "Inn at Evergreen", with eleven bedrooms and modern amenities under the historic facade. [8]
The Graffiti House, located at 19484 Brandy Road in the eastern end of the town of Brandy Station, Virginia, is believed by the Brandy Station Foundation to have been built in 1858. It is one of few dwellings in the village built before the American Civil War to survive intact to this day. The house is notable because of the Civil War era graffiti on many of the walls. The graffiti found includes names, drawings, names of units, and inscriptions left by soldiers.
Eppa Hunton II was a Virginia lawyer and soldier who rose to become a brigadier general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. After the war, he served as a Democrat in both the United States House of Representatives and then the United States Senate from Virginia.
Manassas National Battlefield Park is a unit of the National Park Service located in Prince William County, Virginia, north of Manassas that preserves the site of two major American Civil War battles: the First Battle of Bull Run, also called the First Battle of Manassas, and the Second Battle of Bull Run or Second Battle of Manassas. It was also where Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson acquired his nickname "Stonewall". The park was established in 1936 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966.
The 8th Virginia Infantry Regiment was a Confederate infantry regiment raised by Colonel Eppa Hunton in Leesburg, Virginia on May 8, 1861. The unit comprised six companies from Loudoun, two companies from Fauquier, one company from Fairfax and one company from Prince William. Initial regimental officers included: Lt. Colonel Charles B. Tebbs, Major Norborne Berkeley, John M. Orr - Quartermaster, Dr. Richard H. Edwards - Surgeon, Charles F. Linthicum - Chaplain. After Eppa Hunton's promotion to brigadier general in August 1863, in part based on his valor during the Battle of Gettysburg, particularly during Pickett's Charge, Norborne Berkeley was promoted to command the 8th Virginia, and his brother Edmund became the Lieut. Colonel, his brother William Berkeley, Major, and Charles Berkeley became the senior Captain of what then became known as the "Berkeley Regiment." Nonetheless, Norborne, William and Charles Berkeley were all in Union prisoner of war camps and their brother Edmund still recovering from his Gettysburg wound on August 9.
The 2nd Virginia Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in today's western Virginia and what became West Virginia during the American Civil War for service in the Confederate States Army. It would combine with the 4th, 5th, 27th, and 33rd Virginia infantry regiments and the Rockbridge Artillery Battery and fight as part of what became known as the Stonewall Brigade, mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia.
The 5th Virginia Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought in the Stonewall Brigade, mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. The regiment was known as the "Fighting Fifth".
The 17th Virginia Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia.
The 21st Virginia Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia.
The 28th Virginia Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. The 28th Virginia completed its organization at Lynchburg, Virginia, in June, 1861. Its members were raised in the counties of Botetourt, Craig, Bedford, Campbell, and Roanoke.
Edgewood, also known as the John Boyd House, is a historic home located at Bunker Hill, Berkeley County, West Virginia. It was built in 1839 and is a two-story, five-bay, brick dwelling with a gable roof in the Greek Revival style. The entrance features a semi-elliptical transom and sidelights. The building has a two-story rear ell. The property includes a small log slave cabin.
James B. Terrill, often identified as James Barbour Terrill was a lawyer and an officer in the Confederate States Army.
Waveland is a historic plantation house and farm located near Marshall, Fauquier County, Virginia in the Carter's Run Rural Historic District. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004, and the surrounding district listed in 2014.
Evergreen, one of the James River Plantations is a historic plantation house located just east of Hopewell, in Prince George County, Virginia. It was built about 1807 by planter, George Ruffin, and is a two-story, five-bay, Late Georgian / Federal style stuccoed brick dwelling. It sits on a high basement and has a hipped roof. The front facade features a one-story pedimented Doric order portico set on a brick podium. George Ruffin's son, ardent secessionist Edmund Ruffin, who is credited with firing one of the first shots at Fort Sumter at the start of the Civil War was born at Evergreen in 1794. The house was extensively renovated in the late-1930s, after prior use as a barn and stable.
Prince William County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located at 9248 Lee Avenue, Manassas, Prince William County, Virginia. Rehabilitated in 2000–2001, it currently houses some offices of the Prince William County clerk, and the historic courtroom upstairs can be rented for events.
Ben Lomond, also known as Ben Lomond Plantation, is a historic plantation house located at Bull Run, Prince William County, Virginia. It was built in 1837, and is a two-story, five bay, red sandstone dwelling with a gable roof. The house has a central-hall plan and one-story frame kitchen addition. One-story pedimented porches shelter the main (north) and rear (south) entries. Also on the property are the contributing frame two-story tenant's house, brick pumphouse, and a bunkhouse dated to the early 20th century; and a meat house, dairy, and slave quarters dated to the late-1830s.
Asa Rogers was an Virginia farmer, merchant, politician and Confederate officer from Middleburg. Loudoun County, Virginia.
The Manassas Peace Jubilee was a celebration that began 50 years after the start of the American Civil War, and was held in Manassas, Virginia, mostly between July 16 and July 21, 1911. This first major Civil War veterans' reunion marked fifty years after the First Battle of Bull Run, the first major conflict in what both sides originally thought would be a short war. Former Union officer turned Virginia lawyer and delegate George Carr Round and former Confederate officer and Lost Cause proponent Edmund Berkeley organized the event from Evergreen Manor House in nearby Haymarket, Virginia.
George Carr Round was a Union soldier who settled in Prince William County, Virginia after the American Civil War, where he became a lawyer, superintendent of public instruction in Manassas, Virginia and served a term in the Virginia General Assembly. Although Round donated the land for a more-accessible courthouse, organized the first public schools in the area and secured funding for the county's first public library, he became known nationally in his lifetime for organizing the Manassas Peace Jubilee in 1911, alongside fellow one-term delegate Edmund Berkeley and for contributing to the creation of Manassas National Battlefield Park decades after his death.
Norborne Berkeley was a northern Virginia planter who became an officer in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, and afterward served in the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868 representing Loudoun County.