FTH1

FTH1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1FHA, 2CEI, 2CHI, 2CIH, 2CLU, 2CN6, 2CN7, 2FHA, 2IU2, 2Z6M, 3AJO, 3AJP, 3AJQ, 3ERZ, 3ES3, 4DYX, 4DYY, 4DYZ, 4DZ0, 4OYN, 4Y08, 4YKH, 4ZJK, 5CMQ, 5CMR Contents Function ; Interactions ; See also ; References ; Further reading ;
Identifiers
Aliases	FTH1 , FHC, FTH, FTHL6, HFE5, PIG15, PLIF, ferritin, heavy polypeptide 1, ferritin heavy chain 1
External IDs	OMIM: 134770; MGI: 95588; HomoloGene: 74295; GeneCards: FTH1; OMA:FTH1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (human)
End	61,967,634 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 19 (mouse)
End	9,962,462 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	stromal cell of endometrium; ; upper lobe of left lung; ; tibial nerve; ; right lung; ; gastric mucosa; ; Descending thoracic aorta; ; mucosa of transverse colon; ; left coronary artery; ; C1 segment; ; right adrenal cortex;
	Top expressed in
	globus pallidus; ; deep cerebellar nuclei; ; pontine nuclei; ; fetal liver hematopoietic progenitor cell; ; right kidney; ; lateral geniculate nucleus; ; endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel; ; lateral hypothalamus; ; dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell; ; gastrula;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	ferric iron binding ; metal ion binding ; ferroxidase activity ; protein binding ; oxidoreductase activity ; iron ion binding ; ferrous iron binding ; identical protein binding ;
Cellular component	cytosol ; intracellular ferritin complex ; extracellular exosome ; nucleus ; extracellular region ; autolysosome ; tertiary granule lumen ; ficolin-1-rich granule lumen ; cytoplasm ;
Biological process	intracellular sequestering of iron ion ; iron ion transport ; immune response ; negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation ; negative regulation of cell population proliferation ; cellular iron ion homeostasis ; neutrophil degranulation ; negative regulation of necrotic cell death ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	2495
	14319
	ENSG00000167996
	ENSMUSG00000024661
	P02794
	P09528
	NM_002032
	NM_010239
	NP_002023
	NP_034369
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated October 03, 2024

Ferritin heavy chain is a ferroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FTH1 gene.^[5]^[6] FTH1 gene is located on chromosome 11, and its mutation causes Hemochromatosis type 5.^[7]

Function

This gene encodes the heavy subunit of ferritin, the major intracellular iron storage protein in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It is composed of 24 subunits of the heavy and light ferritin chains. Variation in ferritin subunit composition may affect the rates of iron uptake and release in different tissues. A major function of ferritin is the storage of iron in a soluble and nontoxic state. Defects in ferritin proteins are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. This gene has multiple pseudogenes. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed, but their biological validity has not been determined.^[6]

Interactions

FTH1 has been shown to interact with ferritin light chain.^[8]^[9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferritin</span> Iron-carrying protein

Ferritin is a universal intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled fashion. The protein is produced by almost all living organisms, including archaea, bacteria, algae, higher plants, and animals. It is the primary intracellular iron-storage protein in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, keeping iron in a soluble and non-toxic form. In humans, it acts as a buffer against iron deficiency and iron overload.

MT-ND6 is a gene of the mitochondrial genome coding for the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 6 protein (ND6). The ND6 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain. Variations in the human MT-ND6 gene are associated with Leigh's syndrome, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and dystonia.

MT-ND4 is a gene of the mitochondrial genome coding for the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 (ND4) protein. The ND4 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain. Variations in the MT-ND4 gene are associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and cystic fibrosis.

MT-ND2 is a gene of the mitochondrial genome coding for the NADH dehydrogenase 2 (ND2) protein. The ND2 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain. Variants of human MT-ND2 are associated with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), Leigh's syndrome (LS), Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and increases in adult BMI.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GABRG2 gene.

Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFYA gene.

GA-binding protein alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GABPA gene.

MT-ND1 is a gene of the mitochondrial genome coding for the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 (ND1) protein. The ND1 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase, which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain. Variants of the human MT-ND1 gene are associated with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), Leigh's syndrome (LS), Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and increases in adult BMI.

Clathrin heavy chain 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLTC gene.

4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC3A2 gene.

Ferritin light chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FTL gene. Ferritin is the major protein responsible for storing intracellular iron in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It is a heteropolymer consisting of 24 subunits, heavy and light ferritin chains. This gene has multiple pseudogenes.

40S ribosomal protein S27a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPS27A gene.

6-phosphofructokinase, liver type (PFKL) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PFKL gene on chromosome 21. This gene encodes the liver (L) isoform of phosphofructokinase-1, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of D-fructose 6-phosphate to D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, which is a key step in glucose metabolism (glycolysis). This enzyme is a tetramer that may be composed of different subunits encoded by distinct genes in different tissues. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

Interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 1, also known as IL13RA1 and CD213A1, is a human gene.

Myosin-11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYH11 gene.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GABRR1 gene.

Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UQCRC1 gene.

Interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL2RB gene. Also known as CD122; IL15RB; P70-75.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GABRR2 gene.

Mitochondrial ferritin is a ferroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FTMT gene.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000167996 – Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024661 – Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Hentze MW, Keim S, Papadopoulos P, O'Brien S, Modi W, Drysdale J, Leonard WJ, Harford JB, Klausner RD (October 1986). "Cloning, characterization, expression, and chromosomal localization of a human ferritin heavy-chain gene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 83 (19): 7226–30. Bibcode:1986PNAS...83.7226H. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.19.7226 . PMC 386688 . PMID 3020541.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: FTH1 ferritin, heavy polypeptide 1".
↑ "Hemochromatosis type 5 - About the Disease - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center".
↑ Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M (October 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. S2CID 4427026.
↑ Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, Haenig C, Brembeck FH, Goehler H, Stroedicke M, Zenkner M, Schoenherr A, Koeppen S, Timm J, Mintzlaff S, Abraham C, Bock N, Kietzmann S, Goedde A, Toksöz E, Droege A, Krobitsch S, Korn B, Birchmeier W, Lehrach H, Wanker EE (September 2005). "A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome". Cell. 122 (6): 957–68. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029. hdl: 11858/00-001M-0000-0010-8592-0 . PMID 16169070. S2CID 8235923.

Percy ME, Wong S, Bauer S, Liaghati-Nasseri N, Perry MD, Chauthaiwale VM, Dhar M, Joshi JG (January 1998). "Iron metabolism and human ferritin heavy chain cDNA from adult brain with an elongated untranslated region: new findings and insights". The Analyst. 123 (1): 41–50. doi:10.1039/a706355e. hdl: 1807/16984 . PMID 9581019.
Arosio P, Adelman TG, Drysdale JW (June 1978). "On ferritin heterogeneity. Further evidence for heteropolymers". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 253 (12): 4451–8. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)34741-5 . PMID 659425.
Lawson DM, Artymiuk PJ, Yewdall SJ, Smith JM, Livingstone JC, Treffry A, Luzzago A, Levi S, Arosio P, Cesareni G (February 1991). "Solving the structure of human H ferritin by genetically engineering intermolecular crystal contacts". Nature. 349 (6309): 541–4. Bibcode:1991Natur.349..541L. doi:10.1038/349541a0. PMID 1992356. S2CID 4366895.
Costanzo F, Colombo M, Staempfli S, Santoro C, Marone M, Frank R, Delius H, Cortese R (January 1986). "Structure of gene and pseudogenes of human apoferritin H". Nucleic Acids Research. 14 (2): 721–36. doi:10.1093/nar/14.2.721. PMC 339460 . PMID 3003694.
Chou CC, Gatti RA, Fuller ML, Concannon P, Wong A, Chada S, Davis RC, Salser WA (February 1986). "Structure and expression of ferritin genes in a human promyelocytic cell line that differentiates in vitro". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 6 (2): 566–73. doi:10.1128/mcb.6.2.566. PMC 367547 . PMID 3023856.
Hentze MW, Caughman SW, Rouault TA, Barriocanal JG, Dancis A, Harford JB, Klausner RD (December 1987). "Identification of the iron-responsive element for the translational regulation of human ferritin mRNA". Science. 238 (4833): 1570–3. Bibcode:1987Sci...238.1570H. doi:10.1126/science.3685996. PMID 3685996.
Boyd D, Vecoli C, Belcher DM, Jain SK, Drysdale JW (September 1985). "Structural and functional relationships of human ferritin H and L chains deduced from cDNA clones". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 260 (21): 11755–61. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)39094-4 . PMID 3840162.
Worwood M, Brook JD, Cragg SJ, Hellkuhl B, Jones BM, Perera P, Roberts SH, Shaw DJ (1985). "Assignment of human ferritin genes to chromosomes 11 and 19q13.3----19qter". Human Genetics. 69 (4): 371–4. doi:10.1007/BF00291657. PMID 3857215. S2CID 23574066.
Dörner MH, Salfeld J, Will H, Leibold EA, Vass JK, Munro HN (May 1985). "Structure of human ferritin light subunit messenger RNA: comparison with heavy subunit message and functional implications". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 82 (10): 3139–43. Bibcode:1985PNAS...82.3139D. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.10.3139 . PMC 397730 . PMID 3858810.
Costanzo F, Santoro C, Colantuoni V, Bensi G, Raugei G, Romano V, Cortese R (January 1984). "Cloning and sequencing of a full length cDNA coding for a human apoferritin H chain: evidence for a multigene family". The EMBO Journal. 3 (1): 23–7. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01756.x. PMC 557292 . PMID 6323167.
Boyd D, Jain SK, Crampton J, Barrett KJ, Drysdale J (August 1984). "Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone for human ferritin heavy chain". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 81 (15): 4751–5. Bibcode:1984PNAS...81.4751B. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.15.4751 . PMC 391568 . PMID 6589621.
Addison JM, Fitton JE, Lewis WG, May K, Harrison PM (November 1983). "The amino acid sequence of human liver apoferritin". FEBS Letters. 164 (1): 139–44. Bibcode:1983FEBSL.164..139A. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(83)80037-4 . PMID 6653779. S2CID 21144293.
Dhar MS, Joshi JG (December 1993). "Differential processing of the ferritin heavy chain mRNA in human liver and adult human brain". Journal of Neurochemistry. 61 (6): 2140–6. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb07452.x. PMID 7504084. S2CID 21229082.
Connor JR, Snyder BS, Arosio P, Loeffler DA, LeWitt P (August 1995). "A quantitative analysis of isoferritins in select regions of aged, parkinsonian, and Alzheimer's diseased brains". Journal of Neurochemistry. 65 (2): 717–24. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65020717.x. PMID 7616228. S2CID 930869.
Kato S, Sekine S, Oh SW, Kim NS, Umezawa Y, Abe N, Yokoyama-Kobayashi M, Aoki T (December 1994). "Construction of a human full-length cDNA bank". Gene. 150 (2): 243–50. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90433-2. PMID 7821789.
Dhar M, Chauthaiwale V, Joshi JG (April 1993). "Sequence of a cDNA encoding the ferritin H-chain from an 11-week-old human fetal brain". Gene. 126 (2): 275–8. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90380-L. PMID 7916709.
Qi Y, Dawson G (October 1994). "Hypoxia specifically and reversibly induces the synthesis of ferritin in oligodendrocytes and human oligodendrogliomas". Journal of Neurochemistry. 63 (4): 1485–90. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63041485.x. PMID 7931301. S2CID 22225445.
Rogers JT (March 1996). "Ferritin translation by interleukin-6: the role of sequences upstream of the start codons of the heavy and light subunit genes". Blood. 87 (6): 2525–37. doi: 10.1182/blood.V87.6.2525.bloodjournal8762525 . PMID 8630420.
Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (September 1996). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Research. 6 (9): 791–806. doi: 10.1101/gr.6.9.791 . PMID 8889548.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000167996 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024661 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid3020541-5] Hentze MW, Keim S, Papadopoulos P, O'Brien S, Modi W, Drysdale J, Leonard WJ, Harford JB, Klausner RD (October 1986). "Cloning, characterization, expression, and chromosomal localization of a human ferritin heavy-chain gene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 83 (19): 7226–30. Bibcode:1986PNAS...83.7226H. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.19.7226 . PMC 386688 . PMID 3020541.

[entrez-6] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: FTH1 ferritin, heavy polypeptide 1".

[7] "Hemochromatosis type 5 - About the Disease - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center".

[pmid16189514-8] Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M (October 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. S2CID 4427026.

[pmid16169070-9] Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, Haenig C, Brembeck FH, Goehler H, Stroedicke M, Zenkner M, Schoenherr A, Koeppen S, Timm J, Mintzlaff S, Abraham C, Bock N, Kietzmann S, Goedde A, Toksöz E, Droege A, Krobitsch S, Korn B, Birchmeier W, Lehrach H, Wanker EE (September 2005). "A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome". Cell. 122 (6): 957–68. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029. hdl: 11858/00-001M-0000-0010-8592-0 . PMID 16169070. S2CID 8235923.

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v t e Other oxidoreductases (EC 1.15–1.21)
1.15: Acting on superoxide as acceptor	Superoxide dismutase SOD1 SOD2 SOD3
1.16: Oxidizing metal ions	Ceruloplasmin (Methionine synthase) reductase
1.17: Acting on CH or CH2 groups	Xanthine oxidase Ribonucleotide reductase 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase 7-Hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase
1.18: Acting on iron–sulfur proteins as donors	Nitrogenase
1.19: Acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor	Nitrogenase (flavodoxin)
1.20: Acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors	Glutaredoxin GLRX GLRX2 GLRX3 GLRX5
1.21: Acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond	Isopenicillin N synthase Columbamine oxidase Reticuline oxidase Sulochrin oxidase (+)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming (-)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming Aureusidin synthase Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase Cannabidiolic acid synthase Dichlorochromopyrrolate synthase

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

FTH1

Contents

Function

Interactions

See also

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading