Following the division of Korea in the aftermath of the Korean War, in 2022 the percent of foreigners in South Korea has risen to 4.37%, or 2 245 912 people. [1] Half of this population was Chinese (849 804), followed by Vietnamese (235 007), Thais (201 681) and Americans (156 562). [1] [2] [3] North Korea largely remains ethnically homogeneous with a small Chinese expatriate community and a few Japanese people. [4]
In 1882, King Gojong called foreigners "uneducated louts", motivated by "lechery and sensuality". [5] The Joseon Dynasty was widely referred to as a "hermit kingdom" for sealing itself off from foreign influence. Joseon diplomacy mainly involved the Sadae ("serving the great") policy toward Imperial China. Concurrently maintained (and jointly referred to as "serving the great and relations with neighbor policy" Korean : 사대교린 정책; Hanja : 事大交隣政策) was the Gyorin policy of amicable relations with neighbouring countries; however this did not result in significant influx of foreign persons but rather sporadic trade delegations and diplomatic missions: envoys from the Ryūkyū Kingdom were received by Taejo of Joseon in 1392, 1394 and 1397. Siam sent an envoy to Taejo's court in 1393. [6]
The Joseon kingdom made every effort to maintain a friendly bilateral relationship with China for reasons having to do with both realpolitik and a more idealist Confucian worldview wherein China was seen as the center of a Confucian moral universe. [7] In the fifth through tenth centuries, Arabs sailed the Indian Ocean, and Arab merchants and sailors eventually landed in Korea during the Silla dynasty. [8] These contacts eventually broke off starting in the fifteenth century, resulting in the Arabs' eventual assimilation into the Korean population.
The foreign relations of North Korea are often tense and unpredictable. The number of foreign residents is correspondingly very small, and is essentially limited to Japanese spouses of "repatriating" Zainichi Koreans, expatriates from the People's Republic of China, foreign diplomats, and a few defectors such as James Joseph Dresnok and Joseph T. White.
South Korea is among the world's most ethnically homogeneous nations, i.e. those with majority of the population of one ethnicity. [9] Since the end of the Korean War in 1953, South Korea has been far more open to foreign influence, especially American.
There were 1,741,919 total foreign residents in Korea in 2015, [10] compared to 1,576,034 in 2013. [11] As of September 2015, according to the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs, the foreign population in South Korea, including migrant workers, increased to 1.8 million, accounting for 3.4% of the total population. [2]
The biggest group of foreigners in Korea are the Chinese. [12] In 1970, an estimated 120,000 Chinese resided in South Korea.[ citation needed ] However, due to economic restrictions by the South Korean government, the number may have fallen to as low as 21,000.[ citation needed ] In the 10-year period starting in the late 1990s, the number of Chinese in Korea exploded. In the mid-2000s it was estimated that there are at least 300,000 [13] and possibly more than 1,000,000 [14] In 2009 it was estimated there are about 450,000 Chinese Koreans. [12] Chinese citizens living in South Korea as permanent residents or illegal immigrants, including Joseonjok (Korean : 조선족; Hanja : 朝鮮族, Chinese citizens of Korean descent) and Han Chinese. There is a large Chinese community in Seoul's southwestern area (Daerim/Namguro) and a smaller but established a community in Seongnam. Ethnic Chinese in Korea are known as Hwagyo (Korean : 화교; Hanja : 華僑) by the Koreans.
As of 2016, there were 710,000 Chinese nationals living in Korea, of which ethnic Koreans from China accounted for 500,000, Chinese 190,000 and Taiwanese 20,000. Together, they accounted for 51.6 percent of all foreigners in Korea. [15]
The second-biggest group of foreigners in South Korea are migrant workers from Southeast Asia [12] and increasingly from Central Asia (notably Uzbekistan, mostly ethnic Koreans from there, and Mongolians), and in the main cities, particularly Seoul, there is a small but growing number of foreigners related to business and education.
The number of marriages between Koreans and foreigners has risen steadily in the past few years. In 2005, 14% of all marriages in South Korea were marriages to foreigners (about 26,000 marriages); most were rural Korean men marrying other Asian women from poor backgrounds. Korean men in age brackets up to their 40s outnumber slightly younger Korean women, both due to a high sex ratio and the drop in the birth rate since the 1960s, leading to a huge demand for wives. Many Korean agencies encourage 'international' marriages to Chinese, Vietnamese, Filipina, Indonesian, and Thai women, adding a new degree of complexity to the issue of ethnicity. [16]
The number of expatriate English teachers hailing from English-speaking nations has increased from less than 1,000 in 1988 to over 20,000 in 2002, [17] and stood at more than 22,000 in 2010. [18] There are 28,500 United States military personnel and civilian employees throughout the country, [19] an increasing number of whom are also accompanied by family members.[ citation needed ]
Korean media is widely influenced by expatriate entertainers. Performers, often residing with controversial E6 visas [20] provide several assets: a desirable native English language factor - though many are famously bilingual, [21] and contribution to Korea's desire for cultural diversity, image, and English proficiency. English media is available through major broadcasting entities. [22] Though highly unregulated, the expat presence in Korea is [23] encouraged by the prevalence of the Korean wave.
Korea is home to the headquarters of several major players in gaming and dub-overs. [24] Due to the globalization of popular media, expats are the driving force behind many productions and the competition is described as being harsh due to the popularity of K-dramas. [24] TV personalities such as Americans Carson Allen, [25] Daniel Joey Albright, [26] Khalid Tapia; [27] South African Bronwyn Mullen [28] and Australian actor [29] Sam Hammington [24] are well known to viewers, often appearing in popular variety shows.
Some performers have reached household name status. Veteran Isaac Durst, an American actor, is well known for his extensive work catering to kids, family friendly TV and radio. [30] Broadcasters such as kyopo [31] Lisa Kelley, [32] Ghana-born Sam Okyere, [33] Canadian sports commentator Jason Lee, [34] and popular advertisement voice actor Richard Kim who hails from America [35] [36] have been formally recognized for their influence on the Korean media industry. So frequent are their contributions that their voices are considered staples in Korean media, particularly in TV and radio.
On the practical side of entertainment in Asia, a booming voice industry is lucrative. [37] Recognized voiceover actors such as American born Jennifer Clyde, [38] who has been dubbed "the voice of Korea in 'English' [31] reach millions through commercials, games and dubbing. Multi-genre performers such as Canadian Jesse Day, [39] Kelly Frances, [40] [41] Stephen Revere, Belgian DJ-actor Julian Quintart, [42] and French performer-model-MC Fabien Yoon contribute through content, voice and live performances. [43] [36] Singer-actress Samia Mounts is credited for her role in Pokémon and American-Korean voice acting, having spent her youth in Korea. [44] [45] In the classical music genre, Dr. Ryan Goessl has built the Camarata Music Company, one of the world's most diverse music organizations, in Seoul. The organization, which boasts members from 101 different countries, can be seen in concert up to 40 times per year. Dr. Goessl can also be seen performing on Korea's national stages as both a choral/orchestral conductor, as well as a classical vocal soloist, in addition to coaching Korea's classical, rock, and KPOP singers, along with voice actors. [46] [47]
The foodie scene has its own prolific expat: Joe McPherson, author, resteraunteer and tour guide, whose work reached the New York times and landed him a consultant role during Anthony Bourdain's visit to Seoul. [48] [49] Additionally, Daniel Gray is an adoptee from the United States who made a brand for himself as a local foodie and author. [50]
Joe McPherson also operates the Dark Side of Seoul dark tour with Shawn Morrissey. [51] [52] Both also co-host the Dark Side of Seoul podcast. [53] Morrissey is a heritage researcher and folklorist who wrote a comic book based on the Dark Side of Seoul tour. [54] [55]
Radio in English is considered essential for ESL learners, and one of Korea's best known hosts, veteran Stephen Hatherly, runs a long-standing show - named after himself at English station TBSeFM. [50] American Dorothy Nam is a celebrated host and well known Korean-American personality. [56]
The DJ scene is gaining global respect, and with it, expat professionals. [57] Bellydancing is popular and led by expats such as Australian veteran [58] Belynda Azhaar, PhD., often tying performance to social causes. [58] British DJ Oli Fenn (DJ Fenner) is recognized as a local and multinational professional DJ.
As Seoul continues to develop its fashion presence, Expat models are common. Among them, Brazilian veteran Jane Aquino is known as a successful foreign model, posing alongside K-pop idols and working for the likes of high-profile fashion houses such as Hermes. [59] Veteran (former military) designer and model Julian Woodhouse is famous for dominating the fashion scene in Seoul and making his way to prominence in the American fashion industry. [60]
YouTube has gained popularity, with American veteran David Levene being the most recognizable for his success with half a million subscribers. [61]
Number of foreign residents in South Korea up to 2022 [1] [3] [62] [63]
Year | Foreign resident population |
1980 | 40,519 |
1990 | 100,000 |
1995 | 269,000 |
1998 | 308,339 |
2000 | 491,234 |
2002 | 629,006 |
2005 | 747,476 |
2007 | 1,066,273 |
2010 | 1,261,415 |
2011 | 1,395,077 |
2012 | 1,445,103 |
2013 | 1,576,034 |
2014 | 1,797,618 |
2015 | 1,899,519 |
2016 | 2,034,878 |
2017 | 2,180,498 |
2018 | 2,367,607 |
2019 | 2,524,656 |
2020 | 2,036,075 |
2021 | 1,956,781 |
2022 | 2,245,912 |
Nationalities of legal foreign residents in South Korea as of 2019. [64]
Country | 2021 (Aug.) [65] | 2019 |
---|---|---|
![]() | 851,615 | 1,101,782 |
![]() | 209,839 | 224,518 |
![]() | 174,052 | 209,909 |
![]() | 145,724 | 156,982 |
![]() | 66,181 | 75,320 |
![]() | 48,511 | 61,427 |
![]() | 47,592 | 62,398 |
![]() | 41,239 | 47,565 |
![]() | 37,963 | 48,185 |
![]() | 37,092 | 42,781 |
![]() | 34,514 | 48,854 |
![]() | 30,389 | 34,638 |
![]() | 28,631 | 86,196 |
![]() | 42,767 | |
![]() | 29,294 | |
![]() | 26,789 | |
![]() | 25,064 | |
![]() | 20,018 | |
![]() | 18,340 | |
![]() | 15,222 | |
![]() | 14,790 | |
![]() | 13,990 | |
![]() | 12,929 | |
Others | 104,898 | |
Total | 1,976,000 | 2,524,656 |
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone. The country's western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. South Korea claims to be the sole legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands. It has a population of 51.96 million, of which roughly half live in the Seoul Capital Area, the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the world. Other major cities include Incheon, Busan, and Daegu.
Jeong Yong-jun, better known as Jang Hyuk, is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his leading roles in the films Volcano High (2001), Windstruck (2004), The Swordsman (2020), The Killer: A Girl Who Deserves to Die (2022), and the television dramas Successful Story of a Bright Girl (2002), Thank You (2007), The Slave Hunters (2010), Deep Rooted Tree (2011), You Are My Destiny (2014), Voice (2017), Money Flower (2017), Wok of Love (2018), My Country: The New Age (2019), Tell Me What You Saw (2020) and Bloody Heart (2022).
Islam (Korean: 이슬람교) is a minor religion in South Korea and North Korea. The Muslim community is centered in Seoul and there are a few mosques around the country. According to the Korea Muslim Federation, there are about 200,000 Muslims living in South Korea, and about 70 to 80 percent are foreigners. Seoul alone has 40% of South Korea's total Muslim population. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has hosted an Iftar dinner during the month of Ramadan every year since 2004. Among Koreans, Muslims consist of only 0.4% of the total population. However, the increasing immigration of Muslims to Korea is allowing the Muslim communities in Korea to continue to grow.
A recognizable community of Chinese people in Korea has existed since the 1880s, and are often known as Hwagyo. Over 90% of early Chinese migrants came from Shandong province on the east coast of China. These ethnic Chinese residents in Korea often held Republic of China and Korean citizenship. The Republic of China used to govern the entirety of China, but now only governs Taiwan province and a minor part of Fujian province. Due to the conflation of Republic of China citizenship with Taiwanese identity in the modern era, these ethnic Chinese people in Korea or Hwagyo are now usually referred to as "Taiwanese". However, in reality most Hwagyo hold little to no ties with Taiwan.
Ju Ji-hoon is a South Korean actor and model. His first leading role was in the 2006 hit drama Princess Hours. His other notable works include Lucifer, Antique, Mask, Along with the Gods: The Two Worlds and its sequel, The Spy Gone North, Dark Figure of Crime, Kingdom, and Jirisan.
Ahn Sung-ki is a South Korean actor. One of the country's most respected actors, he has appeared in more than 130 films during his career of over 60 years.
Jang Keun-suk is a South Korean actor and singer. He is best known for starring in the Korean television dramas Beethoven Virus (2008), You're Beautiful (2009), Mary Stayed Out All Night (2010), Love Rain (2012), Pretty Man (2013), The Royal Gambler (2016), and Switch (2018).
Kim Hyun-joong is a South Korean actor, singer and songwriter. He is a member of the boy band SS501 and played roles in the Korean dramas Boys Over Flowers and Playful Kiss.
Seoul, officially the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea. It forms the heart of the Seoul Capital Area, which also includes the surrounding Incheon metropolis and Gyeonggi Province. Considered to be a global city and rated as an Alpha city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC), Seoul was the world's fourth largest metropolitan economy in 2014, following Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles.
Kim Jae-joong, also known mononymously as Jaejoong in South Korea and Jejung/J-Jun (ジェジュン) in Japan, is a South Korean singer, songwriter, actor and director. He is a member of the Korean pop group JYJ and was one of the original members of boy band TVXQ, where he was formerly known by the stage name Hero Jae-joong. Since 2013, he has expanded his range of activities as a solo artist, and in 2023, he formed his own agency iNKODE where he serves as the Chief Strategy Officer.
Racism in South Korea comprises negative attitudes and views on race or ethnicity which are related to each other, are held by various people and groups in South Korea, and have been reflected in discriminatory laws, practices and actions at various times in the history of South Korea against racial or ethnic groups. It has been recognized as a widespread social problem in the country. South Korea lacks an anti-discrimination law, which was recommended by the UN Human Rights Committee in 2015. The law has been reported stalled due to "lack of public consensus".
Uhm Hong-sik, known professionally as Yoo Ah-in, is a South Korean actor, creative director, and gallerist. He is known for playing a diverse spectrum of roles in both television and film, where he often portrays dynamic characters who exhibit significant personal growth. He is the recipient of various accolades including Asian Film Awards, Fantasia International Film Festival's Cheval Noir award, two Blue Dragon Film Awards and two Baeksang Arts Awards. He is best known for his leading roles in coming-of-age film Punch (2011), melodrama Secret Affair (2014), action blockbuster Veteran (2015), period drama The Throne (2015), historical television series Six Flying Dragons (2015–2016), psychological thriller mystery drama Burning (2018), zombie film #Alive (2020), indie crime drama film Voice of Silence (2020), and dark fantasy series Hellbound (2021).
Song Joong-ki is a South Korean actor. He rose to fame in the historical coming-of-age drama Sungkyunkwan Scandal (2010) and the variety show Running Man (2010–2011) as one of the original cast members. Since then, he has played a diverse spectrum of roles in the television series The Innocent Man (2012), Descendants of the Sun (2016), Arthdal Chronicles (2019), Vincenzo (2021), and Reborn Rich (2022), as well as the hit films A Werewolf Boy (2012), The Battleship Island (2017), and Space Sweepers (2021).
Lee Jong-suk is a South Korean actor and model. He debuted in 2005 as a runway model, becoming the youngest male model ever to participate in Seoul Fashion Week. Lee's breakthrough role was in School 2013 (2012). He is also well known for his roles in I Can Hear Your Voice (2013), Doctor Stranger (2014), Pinocchio (2014), W (2016), While You Were Sleeping (2017), Romance Is a Bonus Book (2019), and Big Mouth (2022).
Ryu Seung-ryong is a South Korean actor. Ryu began his acting career in theater, subsequently becoming one of the most versatile supporting actors in Korean film and television. In 2013, he headlined Miracle in Cell No. 7, which became the third highest grossing Korean film of all time, in 2014 he starred in historical film The Admiral: Roaring Currents, which is currently the highest-grossing film of all time in South Korea, and in 2019 he headlined the comedy film Extreme Job, which is currently the 2nd highest-grossing film of all time in South Korea. Ryu is the first Korean to star in four movies that have drawn over 10 million viewers each.
Lee Joon-gi is a South Korean actor, singer, dancer, and model. He rose to fame on his first leading role playing a clown in the critically acclaimed film The King and the Clown (2005) and gained further recognition in the romantic comedy My Girl (2005−06). Since then, he has diversified into other genres such as historical dramas (sageuk) and action thrillers. He is also known for his roles in Iljimae (2008), Arang and the Magistrate (2012), Moon Lovers: Scarlet Heart Ryeo (2016), Lawless Lawyer (2018), and Flower of Evil (2020).
Seoul International Drama Awards, simply known as SDA, is an annual award ceremony based in Seoul, South Korea which honors excellence in television drama productions worldwide.
Tyler Josef Rasch is an American writer, educator, lecturer, actor, and television personality in South Korea. He was the author of bestseller "No Second Earth " and a cast member of hit TV shows such as JTBC's Non-Summit and tvN's Hot Brain: Problematic Men. among others. He has received various awards and distinctions for his work in media, education, and social and environmental issues.
Descendants of the Sun is a 2016 South Korean television series starring Song Joong-ki, Song Hye-kyo, Jin Goo, and Kim Ji-won. It aired on KBS2 from February 24 to April 14, 2016, for 16 episodes. KBS then aired three additional special episodes from April 20 to April 22, 2016, containing highlights and the best scenes from the series, the drama's production process, behind-the-scenes footage, commentaries from cast members and the final epilogue.
Camarata Music Company, now known as Camarata Music, is an international non-profit music organization in Seoul, South Korea. It was created for both native Koreans and foreign expatriates. Camarata currently consists of five musical ensembles: the Camarata Chorale, Camarata Chamber Singers, Camarata Junior Choir, Camarata Youth Choir, and Camarata Orchestra. Camarata Music is currently led by its founder and Music Director, Dr. Ryan Goessl. To date, Camarata has performed over 300 concerts since its founding. It has members from more than 106 countries.