Forest canary

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Forest canary
Forest Canary (Serinus scotops) facing left, side view.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Fringillidae
Subfamily: Carduelinae
Genus: Crithagra
Species:
C. scotops
Binomial name
Crithagra scotops
Sundevall, 1850
Synonyms

Serinus scotops

The forest canary (Crithagra scotops) is a species of finch in the family Fringillidae. It is found in South Africa and Eswatini. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.

Contents

The forest canary was formerly placed in the genus Serinus but phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences found that the genus was polyphyletic. [2] The genus was therefore split and a number of species including the forest canary were moved to the resurrected genus Crithagra . [3] [4]

Diet and Foraging

The Forest canary’s main diet comes from seeds, fruits, and figs. Seeds like Panicum (Guinea grasses), Alyssum, and Passerina corymbosa (gonna) are commonly found in their diet. A flower that the Forest canaries enjoy is Penaea cneorum or Penaeaceae. [5] Some of the types of leaves that these birds enjoy in their diet are Senecio (creeping groundsel) and Ptaeroxylon obliquum (Sneezewood). In addition to these, the Forest canary will also eat insects. However, insects are usually consumed during the breeding season as a source of more protein. [6] When searching for food, they will forage in small groups or pairs. They tend to forage in low areas, such as the ground or near bushes and flowers. When eating, they will usually take cover to stay hidden. [7]

Breeding

Breeding season for the forest canary is usually from October to March, though it can vary from location to location or circumstance of their climate. [7] The Forest canary prefers a warmer climate, considering their primary location is in the southernmost portion of Africa. During this time, they may have up to two broods. They are known to be monogamous, having a long-term pairing with one mate. [6] Both the male and female make the nest by splitting the responsibilities. The female builds the nest while the male collects materials, such as twigs and plant fibers. The female will then hatch a brood of 2-5 eggs. In about 14 days, the eggs then hatch. Both parents proceed to feed the chicks until they fledge within the next 14–19 days. [6]

Appearance

The Forest canary is a small bird with a short, thick beak, measuring 11–13 cm in length and weighing 10-14 g. [7] The male and female are identifiable by their differences in color. The feathers on the back and wings of the male are yellow with a slight green tint, while the female has a greenish-gray color with yellow on its underparts. Both the male and female have a black mask that trails from the forehead to the eyes, as well as being marked with multiple black streaks on their upper parts. [7] The juvenile Forest canary is similar in appearance to the female, with a dull olive hue.

Location

The Forest canary resides in Sub-Saharan Africa. They live in countries such as Cameroon, Congo, and Kenya. [6] The Forest canary prefers a dry, warmer climate, considering their primary location is in the southernmost portion of Africa. These birds can be found inedges and clearings in the dense bush of highland or submontane evergreen forests. This climate includes the Eastern Cape, dry Euphorbia-dominated woodlands on south-facing valley slopes, and remnant forest patches in highveld grasslands, edges of cultivation, principally maize (Zea mays), tree plantations, scrub, orchards, and gardens (Birds of World). From sea level to 1800 m. These birds can also span along the Limpopo Province south to KwaZulu-Natal and down the southern coast to the Eastern and Western Cape. [5]

Threats

These birds are known to be the prey of Falco peregrinus (Peregrine falcon). [5] However, other than this, the Forest canary isn't known to be of prey to any others. There are environmental dangers such as deforestation, natural disaster, and wildfires. They are not an endangered species.

Related Research Articles

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The true finches are small to medium-sized passerine birds in the family Fringillidae. Finches generally have stout conical bills adapted for eating seeds and nuts and often have colourful plumage. They occupy a great range of habitats where they are usually resident and do not migrate. They have a worldwide native distribution except for Australia and the polar regions. The family Fringillidae contains more than two hundred species divided into fifty genera. It includes the canaries, siskins, redpolls, serins, grosbeaks and euphonias, as well as the morphologically divergent Hawaiian honeycreepers.

<i>Serinus</i> Genus of birds

Serinus is a genus of small birds in the finch family Fringillidae found in West Asia, Europe and Africa. The birds usually have some yellow in their plumage. The genus was introduced in 1816 by the German naturalist Carl Ludwig Koch. Its name is Neo-Latin for "canary-yellow".

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow canary</span> Species of bird

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cape siskin</span> Species of bird

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Protea canary</span> Species of bird

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Drakensberg siskin</span> Species of bird

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-throated canary</span> Species of bird

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-throated canary</span> Species of bird

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southern grosbeak-canary</span> Species of bird

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-faced canary</span> Species of bird

The black-faced canary is a species of finch in the family Fringillidae. It is found in Angola, Burundi, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, and Zambia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lemon-breasted canary</span> Species of bird

The lemon-breasted canary, also known as the lemon-breasted seedeater, is a species of finch in the family Fringillidae. It is found in Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Its natural habitats are dry savannah, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, and rural gardens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow-throated seedeater</span> Species of bird

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reichenow's seedeater</span> Species of bird

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References

  1. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Crithagra scotops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22720113A94658032. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22720113A94658032.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ↑ Zuccon, Dario; Prŷs-Jones, Robert; Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Ericson, Per G.P. (2012). "The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 62 (2): 581–596. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002. PMID   22023825.
  3. ↑ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Finches, euphonias". World Bird List Version 5.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  4. ↑ Swainson, William (1827). "On several forms in ornithology not hitherto defined". Zoological Journal. 3: 348.
  5. 1 2 3 "Crithagra scotops (Forest canary)". www.biodiversityexplorer.info. Retrieved 2023-10-19.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Alderson, Rosie. (1911). My foreign doves and pigeons. London: "The Feathered World;".
  7. 1 2 3 4 Clement, Peter (2020). "Forest Canary (Crithagra scotops), version 1.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.forcan1.01species_shared.bow.project_name. ISSN   2771-3105.


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