Francis Griffith Newlands Memorial Fountain | |
Location | Chevy Chase Circle, N.W. Washington, D.C. |
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Coordinates | 38°58′10″N77°4′38″W / 38.96944°N 77.07722°W |
Built | 1938 |
Architect | Edward Wilton Donn |
NRHP reference No. | 07001058 [1] [2] |
Added to NRHP | October 12, 2007 [3] |
Francis Griffith Newlands Memorial Fountain is a historic fountain located at Chevy Chase Circle, on the border between the Chevy Chase neighborhood of Northwest Washington, D.C., and the community of Chevy Chase, Maryland. The fountain was designed by Edward W. Donn Jr. in 1933 and erected in 1938. Named for Francis G. Newlands, the project was funded by Newlands' widow. [4] [5] It is controlled and operated by the National Park Service as part of nearby Rock Creek Park. [6]
The fountain honors Newlands, a U.S. senator and founder of Chevy Chase, Maryland. In 1902, Newland sponsored the Newlands Reclamation Act, which allowed the federal government to begin irrigation of the West. He was an outspoken white supremacist, antisemite, and segregationist who advocated the repeal of the 15th Amendment to deprive African-Americans of the right to vote. [7] He founded the Chevy Chase Land Company, which established whites-only neighborhoods on the D.C.-Maryland border. [4] He purchased over 1,700 acres (690 ha) of land and named it "Chevy Chase" to honor his Scottish ancestral homeland.
In 1990, the Land Company refurbished the fountain to recognize the 100th anniversary of the founding of Chevy Chase. The fountain was rededicated and recognized by the National Register of Historic Places. [5]
In December 2014, the Chevy Chase Advisory Neighborhood Commission (ANC) considered a proposal to rename the fountain due to Newlands' white supremacist views. On December 8, the Historic Chevy Chase DC Board voted to support changing the name to Chevy Chase Fountain; a report chronicled the debate. [8] The descendants of Newlands opposed the renaming. [4] The ANC voted 4-2 (1 abstention) to table the motion and consider it later. [9]
A bronze plaque at the fountain contained an inscription reading "His Statesmanship Held True Regard For The Interests Of All Men." In 2020, the ANC voted to have the plaque removed. [10]
On February 23, 2021, Delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton, D-D.C., introduced a bill to require the National Park Service to rename the fountain. Designated H.R. 1256 and named the Francis G. Newlands Memorial Removal Act, it was referred to the Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests, and Public Lands of the House Natural Resources Committee on March 23, 2021. [11] On April 19, 2022, the Montgomery County Council adopted a resolution proclaiming its support for the bill. [12]
Chevy Chase is the colloquial name of an area that includes a town, several incorporated villages, and an unincorporated census-designated place in southern Montgomery County, Maryland; and one adjoining neighborhood in northwest Washington, D.C. Most of these derive from a late-19th-century effort to create a new suburb that its developer dubbed Chevy Chase after a colonial land patent.
Dupont Circle is a historic roundabout park and neighborhood of Washington, D.C., located in Northwest D.C. The Dupont Circle neighborhood is bounded approximately by 16th Street NW to the east, 22nd Street NW to the west, M Street NW to the south, and Florida Avenue NW to the north. Much of the neighborhood is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. However, the local government Advisory Neighborhood Commission and the Dupont Circle Historic District have slightly different boundaries.
Advisory Neighborhood Commissions (ANCs) are bodies of local government in the District of Columbia, the capital city of the United States. The ANC system was created in 1974 through a referendum in the District of Columbia Home Rule Act. The first elections for Advisory Neighborhood Commissioners were held in the fall of 1975, and commissions began operating in 1976. Congressman Don Fraser (D-Minn) and D.C. resident Milton Kotler helped to draft the ANC language in the Home Rule Act based on the success of Adams Morgan Organization (AMO) in Adams Morgan and on a 1970 report of the Minneapolis Citizen League, as well as on related neighborhood corporations in Pittsburgh; Brooklyn, New York; Chicago; and Columbus, Ohio.
Chevy Chase is a neighborhood in northwest Washington, D.C. It borders Chevy Chase, Maryland.
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Francis Griffith Newlands was an American politician and land developer who served as United States representative and Senator from Nevada and a member of the Democratic Party.
The Rock Creek Railway, which operated independently from 1890 to 1895, was one of the first electric streetcar companies in Washington, D.C., and the first to extend into Maryland.
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The Klingle Valley Bridge, officially known as the Connecticut Avenue Bridge, is an Art Deco steel-arch bridge located near the National Zoological Park on Connecticut Avenue, Northwest in Washington, D.C. The bridge crosses Klingle Valley, running from Macomb Street to Devonshire Place and connecting the Cleveland Park and Woodley Park neighborhoods.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the District of Columbia:
Chevy Chase Circle is a traffic circle straddling the border of Chevy Chase, Washington, D.C., and Chevy Chase, Maryland. It sits upon the convergence of Western Avenue, Grafton Street, Magnolia Parkway, Chevy Chase Parkway NW, and Connecticut Avenue.
The Dupont Circle Fountain, formally known as the Rear Admiral Samuel Francis Dupont Memorial Fountain, is a fountain located in the center of Dupont Circle in Washington, D.C. It honors Rear Admiral Samuel Francis Du Pont, a prominent American naval officer and member of the Du Pont family. The fountain replaced a statue of Du Pont that was installed in 1884. Designed by Henry Bacon and sculpted by Daniel Chester French, the fountain was dedicated in 1921. Prominent guests at the dedication ceremony included First Lady Florence Harding, Secretary of War John W. Weeks and Secretary of the Navy Edwin Denby.
The Union Trust Building is a nine-story office building, located at 740 15th Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C. It was constructed for the Union Trust Company between 1906 and 1907. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and is a contributing property to the Financial Historic District. It sits on the location of Wormley's Hotel, owned by James Wormley, a free-born black man, where the Wormley Agreement was penned, which led to the Compromise of 1877 and the election of President Rutherford B. Hayes. It has been substantially expanded twice, first in 1927 and then converted to a modern office building in 1983.
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The Avalon Theatre, formerly Chevy Chase Theatre, is an historic structure located in the Chevy Chase neighborhood in the Northwest Quadrant of Washington, D.C. The Classical Revival building was designed by the architectural firm of Upman and Adams and completed in 1922. The Avalon is a rare example of a neighborhood movie house in Washington; it is the oldest in continuous use. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.
The Chevy Chase Arcade is an historic structure located in the Chevy Chase neighborhood in the Northwest Quadrant of Washington, D.C. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.
Leon Emil Dessez was an American architect in Washington, D.C. He designed public buildings in the District of Columbia, and residences there and in Maryland, and Virginia, including some of the first in Chevy Chase, Maryland, where he was the community's first resident. His D.C. work includes the 1893 conversion of the Shepherd Centennial Building into the Raleigh Hotel and the Normal School for Colored Girls (1913), designed with Snowden Ashford.
Woodmont is a neighborhood in northwest Washington, D.C.
Little Forest Park, formerly Francis G. Newlands Park, an undeveloped park located in the District of Columbia neighborhood of Chevy Chase; North of Military Rd., between 28th & 30th Sts., NW. This 8.78 acre site is administered by the National Park Service as a part of Rock Creek Park
The Chevy Chase Land Company is a real estate holding and development company based in suburban Washington, D.C.