Galloway hydro-electric power scheme

Power station at Tongland

Clatteringshaws Dam, looking towards Cairnsmore of Fleet

v t e Galloway Hydro-Electric Scheme
Legend
River Doon Loch Doon Dam Drumjohn power station Water of Deugh Kendoon Loch Kendoon North Dam Water of Ken Kendoon South Dam Dam and pipeline Kendoon power station Water of Deugh/Water of Ken Carsfad Loch Carsfad Dam Carsfad power station Polharrow Burn Earlstoun Loch Earlstoun Dam Earlstoun power station Clatteringshaws Loch Glenlee power station Clatteringshaws Dam River Ken Loch Ken Black Water of Dee Glenlochar Barrage River Dee Tongland Loch Tongland Dam Tongland power station River Dee To Solway Firth

The Galloway hydro-electric power scheme is a network of dams and hydro-electric power stations in Galloway, south west Scotland. It was built between 1930 and 1936.

The generating stations draw water from the River Ken, River Dee and River Doon through reservoirs at Loch Doon, Kendoon, Carsfad, Clatteringshaws, and Tongland. The unusual modernist stations were designed by Scottish civil engineer, Sir Alexander Gibb.

The scheme, which is today operated by Drax, can produce a total peak power of around 110 megawatts, with an overall load factor of around 0.25. ^[1]

History

The scheme was authorized by the Galloway Water Power Act on 10 May 1929, by which the Galloway Water Power Company was incorporated. Chairman of the board was former colonial administrator Lord Meston. Also on the board was Robert Brand, managing director of the project's underwriter, Lazard Brothers and Company.

Design was carried out by civil engineers Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners ^[2] along with electrical engineer, William McLellan of Merz & McLellan. Construction began three years later in 1932 and was completed in 1936. The scheme was made viable by the recent formation of the National Grid which made generation of electricity in remote areas useful. Hydro power was particularly helpful to this grid because of its ability to be turned on and off very quickly to meet peak demands (in contrast to oil and coal stations), and to meet the natural increase during the more energy demanding winter months.

The total cost of the scheme was around three million pounds. At a cost of £29 per kilowatt of installed capacity, they were some of the least costly stations ever built in the UK. ^[3]

The scheme was extended in 1984 with the addition of the Drumjohn power station which made use of the existing needle valve where the water from Loch Doon and the Deuch feed into the Dee. This station has a capacity of just 2.3 megawatts, but was constructed largely using existing infrastructure.^{[ citation needed ]}

In 2018 Drax Group purchased the scheme, alongside a number of other assets, from then owners Scottish Power. ^{[4] [5]}

Architecture

Tongland turbine hall

The stations are generally white, Modernist structures, highly glazed and with large airy turbine halls. The designs were stylistically advanced for their time and can be viewed as some of Scotland's earliest modern buildings. The credit for the design is given to Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, however it seems likely that the design received input from Harold Tarbolton, the architectural advisor to the scheme's "Amenities Committee". This committee was set up to "make to the Company such recommendations as they may think are reasonable and proper for the preservation of the beauty of the scenery" (from the 1929 Galloway water power act). Tarbolton was designer of the Pitlochry power station which bears some striking similarities to the Galloway turbine halls. Whilst no direct credit for the design work can be given to him, it is unlikely that he had no influence on the outcome.^{[ citation needed ]}

In their book Power from water (1960), two partners of Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, Angus Paton, and J Guthrie Brown (the latter of whom is known to have worked on the Galloway scheme), write that "The architecture of the power stations, under the watchful eye of the amenity committee...was given the most careful attention."

Parts of the scheme are now listed buildings, specifically the Glenlee Power Station and Bridge ^[2] and the Tongland Power Station, Surge Tower and Valve House. ^[6]

In great contrast to the bright pristine nature of the stations, the dams are organic and entwined with the natural rock.^{[ citation needed ]} They are generally arch dams, curved in plan, bearing onto the side walls of the valleys except in those dams where only one side of the valley is suitable for bearing. In these latter cases, the end of the dam straightens out, and the last section of gravity dam (where the weight of the dam itself resists the force of the water) then acts like a buttress to the more efficient arch dam.

Perceptions of the scheme

Local poet W.G.M. Dobie wrote: ^[7]

A raider comes today who kills
The glories of our glens and hills
With unheroic Acts and Bills
And "private legislation":
The company promoters' pen
Will dam the Deugh and dam the Ken
And dam the Dee, - oh, damn the men
Who plan such desecration!

Generating stations

The six generating stations, from north to south, are:

Name	Year completed	Output	Location	Head [3]
Drumjohn	1985	2 MW	55°14′54″N4°19′35″W / 55.24833°N 4.32639°W / 55.24833; -4.32639
Kendoon	1936	24 MW	55°09′48″N4°11′28″W / 55.16333°N 4.19111°W / 55.16333; -4.19111	150 feet
Carsfad	1936	12 MW	55°08′38″N4°11′25″W / 55.14389°N 4.19028°W / 55.14389; -4.19028	65 feet
Earlstoun	1936	14 MW	55°06′38″N4°10′31″W / 55.11056°N 4.17528°W / 55.11056; -4.17528	67 feet
Glenlee	1935	24 MW	55°05′57″N4°11′11″W / 55.09917°N 4.18639°W / 55.09917; -4.18639	380 feet
Tongland	1935	33 MW	54°51′36″N4°02′02″W / 54.86000°N 4.03389°W / 54.86000; -4.03389	106 feet

References

Notes

1. "Galloway Hydro Technical Factsheet" (PDF). SP Energy. Archived from the original on 12 January 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
2. Historic Environment Scotland. "Galloway Hydroelectric Power Scheme, Glenlee Power Station and Bridge (Category B Listed Building) (LB9736)" . Retrieved 26 March 2019.
3. J.Guthrie Brown (4 October 1956), Sixty Years of Hydro-Electric Development in Great Britain -Presidential Address to the Institute of Structural Engineers
4. "Completion of deal means Drax will play bigger role at heart of Great Britain's energy system". Drax. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
5. "Power generation and system services". Drax Group. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
6. Historic Environment Scotland. "Galloway Electric Power Scheme, Tongland Power Station, Surge Tower and Valve House (Category A Listed Building) (LB17126)" . Retrieved 26 March 2019.
7. W. G. M. Dobie (1938). Winter and Rough Weather. Heinemann. ISBN   978-1-5287-6322-6.

Sources

• Hill, George (1984). Tunnel and Dam: The Story of the Galloway Hydros. South of Scotland Electricity Board.
• Payne, Peter L (1988). The Hydro. Aberdeen University Press. ISBN   978-0-08-036584-8.

External links

• Scotland portal
• United Kingdom portal
• Transport portal
• Renewable energy portal

• Visit Tongland Power Station Archived 1 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine - Drax Power
• Power From Scotland's Lochs An account of the Galloway Scheme from 1937