GigaMesh Software Framework

Last updated
GigaMesh Software Framework
Developer(s) since 2021: AG eHumanities & FCGLab, Institut for Computer Science, MLU Halle-Wittenberg
2009-2020 Forensic Computational Geometry Laboratory (FCGL), [1] IWR, Heidelberg University
Stable release
v.240221 [2] / 21 February 2024;9 months ago (2024-02-21)
Repository https://gitlab.com/fcgl/GigaMesh.git
Written in C++
Operating system Linux , Windows 10
Available in1 languages
List of languages
English
Type Graphics software
License GNU General Public License
Website https://gigamesh.eu

The GigaMesh Software Framework is a free and open-source software for display, editing and visualization of 3D-data typically acquired with structured light or structure from motion. [3]

Contents

It provides numerous functions for analysis of archaeological objects like cuneiform tablets, ceramics [4] [5] or converted LiDAR data. [6] Typically applications are unwrappings (or rollouts), [7] profile cuts (or cross sections) [8] as well as visualizations of distances and curvature, which can be exported as raster graphics or vector graphics.

The retrieval of text in 3D like damaged cuneiform tablets or weathered medieval headstones [9] using Multi Scale Integral Invariant (MSII) [10] filtering is a core function of the software. Furthermore, small or faint surface details like fingerprints can be visualized. [11] [12] The polygonal meshes of the 3D-models can be inspected, cleaned and repaired to provide optimal filtering results. The repaired datasets are suitable for 3D printing and for digital publishing in a dataverse. [13]

The name "GigaMesh" refers to the processing of large 3D-datasets and relates intentionally to the mythical Sumerian king Gilgamesh and his heroic epic described on a set of clay tablets. [10] : 115  The central element of the logo is the cuneiform sign 𒆜 (kaskal) meaning street or road junction, which symbolizes the intersection of the humanities and computer science. The surrounding circle refers to the integral invariant computation using a spherical domain. The red color is derived from carmine, the color used by the Heidelberg University, where GigaMesh is developed.[ citation needed ]

Development and application in research projects

The development began in 2009 and was inspired by the edition project Keilschrifttexte aus Assur literarischen Inhalts (KAL, cuneiform texts with literary content) of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. [11] In parallel it was applied within the Austrian Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum of the Austrian Academy of Sciences for documentation of red-figure pottery. [8] Current projects are funded by the DFG and the BMBF for contextualization and analysis of seals and sealings of the Corpus der minoischen und mykenischen Siegel, [14] [15] where Thin Plate Splines are used for comparing sealings. [16] Analog to the developments for processing cuneiform tablets there are further approaches for adaption of the combined Computer Vision and Machine Learning methods for other Scripts in 3D. An example is the application within the Text Database and Dictionary of Classic Mayan. [17]

In 2017 GigaMesh was tested by the DAI at an excavation in Guadalupe, near Trujillo, Honduras for immediate visualization of in-situ acquired findings with different 3D-scanners including a comparison with manual drawings. [18] Since then GigaMesh is permanently used by the excavation team, [19] their feedback led to numerous changes to the GUI, improving the user experience (UX). Additionally online tutorials are published having a focus on tasks required to compile excavation reports.

The Scanning for Syria (SfS) [20] project of the Leiden University used GigaMesh in 2018 for 3D reconstruction of molds of tablets lost in ar-Raqqa, Syria based on Micro-CT-scans. [21] [22] As a follow-up project the TU Delft acquired further Micro-CT-scans for virtually extracting clay tablets still wrapped into clay envelopes, which are unopened for thousands of years. [23] [24] In May 2020 the SfS project won the European Union Prize for Cultural Heritage of the Europa Nostra in the category research. [25] [26]

A first version (190416) for Windows was released in preparation for presentations about new functions shown at the international CAA 2019. [27]

The command line interface of GigaMesh is well suited to process large amounts of 3D-measurement data within repositories. This was demonstrated with almost 2.000 cuneiform tablets of the Hilprecht Collection of the Jena University, which were processed and digitally published as benchmarkdatabase (HeiCuBeDa) [28] for machine learning as well as database of images including 3D- and meta-data (HeiCu3Da) [29] using CC BY licenses. [30] A baseline for period classification of tablets was established using a Geometric Neural Network being a Convolutional Neural Network typically used for 3D-datasets. [31] [32] In 2023, an extension of the dataset was published containing extracted images of cuneiform characters, cuneiform lines and individual annotated cuneiform characters. The annotations are made available together with the renderings with metadata as CSV and a knowledge graph (RDF). These developments were created in the context of the DFG project "Digital Edition of Cuneiform Texts from Haft Tappeh" in Mainz. The acronym MaiCuBeDa is derived from the project location. [33] This provided the first results for the localization of cuneiform characters and their wedges, which show that MSII rendering improves the recognition quality for photos. [34] [35]

The Louvre showed GigaMesh based rollouts of an Aryballos from the collection of the KFU Graz representing the use of digital methods for research on pottery of ancient Greece within the CVA project, which had its 100th anniversary in 2019. Renderings of the rollouts were on display in the second half of 2019 in the display case named L’ère du numèrique et de l’imagerie scientifique (the digital era and scientific imaging). [36]

Version 191219 supports Texture maps common for 3D-data captured using photogrammetry. This allows processing and in particular unwrapping of objects acquired with Structure-from-Motion widely used for documentation of Cultural Heritage and in archaeology.[ citation needed ]

The Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties in Japan adapted GigaMesh for documentation and rollouts of vessels and published a tutorial, [37] which was used to implement the workflow for ceramics of the Jōmon period within the Togariishi Museum of Jōmon Archaeology. [38]

In April 2020 the source code was published on GitLab and the license changed from freeware to the GPL. Version 200529 allows for the first time to apply the MSII filter using the graphical user interface to visualize the smallest details like fingerprints. [39] The DFG funded edition of texts from Haft Tepe project [40] is using MSII filtered renderings of tablets in the so-called fat-cross arrangement of side views. [41]

GigaMesh is increasingly being used in areas that have methodological overlap with archaeology, such as geoengineering for the analysis of seashells. [42]

File formats and research data infrastructures

Primarily the Polygon File Format is supported and used to store additional information from the processing. This is not possible with the — additionally supported — Wavefront OBJ due to its specification. It is possible to export meshes in the glTF fileformat. The marking of interpolated points and triangles by filling voids in the triangular grid represents meta-information to be captured e.g. in the context of the National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI) in Germany. Other metadata such as inventory numbers, material, and hyperlinks or Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) can be captured. In addition, there is the ability to calculate topological metrics that describe the quality of a 3D measurement dataset. [43]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Digital elevation model</span> 3D computer-generated imagery and measurements of terrain

A digital elevation model (DEM) or digital surface model (DSM) is a 3D computer graphics representation of elevation data to represent terrain or overlaying objects, commonly of a planet, moon, or asteroid. A "global DEM" refers to a discrete global grid. DEMs are used often in geographic information systems (GIS), and are the most common basis for digitally produced relief maps. A digital terrain model (DTM) represents specifically the ground surface while DEM and DSM may represent tree top canopy or building roofs.

Computational archaeology is a subfield of digital archeology that focuses on the analysis and interpretation of archaeological data using advanced computational techniques. This field employs data modeling, statistical analysis, and computer simulations to understand and reconstruct past human behaviors and societal developments. By leveraging Geographic Information Systems (GIS), predictive modeling, and various simulation tools, computational archaeology enhances the ability to process complex archaeological datasets, providing deeper insights into historical contexts and cultural heritage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scientific visualization</span> Interdisciplinary branch of science concerned with presenting scientific data visually

Scientific visualization is an interdisciplinary branch of science concerned with the visualization of scientific phenomena. It is also considered a subset of computer graphics, a branch of computer science. The purpose of scientific visualization is to graphically illustrate scientific data to enable scientists to understand, illustrate, and glean insight from their data. Research into how people read and misread various types of visualizations is helping to determine what types and features of visualizations are most understandable and effective in conveying information.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Assyriology</span> Archaeological sub-discipline

Assyriology, also known as Cuneiform studies or Ancient Near East studies, is the archaeological, anthropological, historical, and linguistic study of the cultures that used cuneiform writing. The field covers Pre Dynastic Mesopotamia, Sumer, the early Sumero-Akkadian city-states, the Akkadian Empire, Ebla, the Akkadian and Imperial Aramaic speaking states of Assyria, Babylonia and the Sealand Dynasty, the migrant foreign dynasties of southern Mesopotamia, including the Gutians, Amorites, Kassites, Arameans, Suteans and Chaldeans. Assyriology can be included to cover Neolithic pre-Dynastic cultures dating to as far back as 8000 BC, to the Islamic Conquest of the 7th century AD, so the topic is significantly wider than that implied by the root "Assyria".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Visualization (graphics)</span> Set of techniques for creating images, diagrams, or animations to communicate a message

Visualization, also known as Graphics Visualization, is any technique for creating images, diagrams, or animations to communicate a message. Visualization through visual imagery has been an effective way to communicate both abstract and concrete ideas since the dawn of humanity. from history include cave paintings, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Greek geometry, and Leonardo da Vinci's revolutionary methods of technical drawing for engineering purposes that actively involve scientific requirements.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volume rendering</span> Representing a 3D-modeled object or dataset as a 2D projection

In scientific visualization and computer graphics, volume rendering is a set of techniques used to display a 2D projection of a 3D discretely sampled data set, typically a 3D scalar field.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aryballos</span> Type of ancient Greek vase

An aryballos was a small spherical or globular flask with a narrow neck used in Ancient Greece. It was used to contain perfume or oil, and is often depicted in vase paintings being used by athletes during bathing. In these depictions, the vessel is at times attached by a strap to the athlete's wrist, or hung by a strap from a peg on the wall.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">X-ray microtomography</span> X-ray 3D imaging method

In radiography, X-ray microtomography uses X-rays to create cross-sections of a physical object that can be used to recreate a virtual model without destroying the original object. It is similar to tomography and X-ray computed tomography. The prefix micro- is used to indicate that the pixel sizes of the cross-sections are in the micrometre range. These pixel sizes have also resulted in creation of its synonyms high-resolution X-ray tomography, micro-computed tomography, and similar terms. Sometimes the terms high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and micro-CT are differentiated, but in other cases the term high-resolution micro-CT is used. Virtually all tomography today is computed tomography.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">3D scanning</span> Scanning of an object or environment to collect data on its shape

3D scanning is the process of analyzing a real-world object or environment to collect three dimensional data of its shape and possibly its appearance. The collected data can then be used to construct digital 3D models.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MeshLab</span>

MeshLab is a 3D mesh processing software system that is oriented to the management and processing of unstructured large meshes and provides a set of tools for editing, cleaning, healing, inspecting, rendering, and converting these kinds of meshes. MeshLab is free and open-source software, subject to the requirements of the GNU General Public License (GPL), version 2 or later, and is used as both a complete package and a library powering other software. It is well known in the more technical fields of 3D development and data handling.

<i>Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum</i> Research project to document ancient ceramics

Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum is an international research project for documentation of ancient ceramics. Its original ideal target content: any ceramic from any ancient location during any archaeological period, proved impossible of realization and was soon restricted to specific times and periods. As the project expanded from an original six nations: England, Belgium, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and Italy, to include the current 28, the topic specializations of each country were left up to the commission for that country. The French commission, serves in an advisory position.

Thin plate splines (TPS) are a spline-based technique for data interpolation and smoothing. "A spline is a function defined by polynomials in a piecewise manner." They were introduced to geometric design by Duchon. They are an important special case of a polyharmonic spline. Robust Point Matching (RPM) is a common extension and shortly known as the TPS-RPM algorithm.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing</span>

The Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing is a scientific research institute of the Heidelberg University, Germany. It centralizes scientific activity and promotes research and work in scientific computing. Founded in 1987 by the Heidelberg University and the state of Baden-Württemberg, IWR participates in joint project and cooperations with industry in Germany as well as abroad. As a research institute with about 380 staff, IWR is considered one of the world's largest research centers for scientific computing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">3D modeling</span> Form of computer-aided engineering

In 3D computer graphics, 3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical coordinate-based representation of a surface of an object in three dimensions via specialized software by manipulating edges, vertices, and polygons in a simulated 3D space.

Polynomial texture mapping (PTM), also known as Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI), is a technique of imaging and interactively displaying objects under varying lighting conditions to reveal surface phenomena. The data acquisition method is Single Camera Multi Light (SCML).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Digital outcrop model</span> Digital 3D representation of the outcrop surface

A digital outcrop model (DOM), also called a virtual outcrop model, is a digital 3D representation of the outcrop surface, mostly in a form of textured polygon mesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amira (software)</span> Software platform for 3D and 4D data visualization

Amira is a software platform for visualization, processing, and analysis of 3D and 4D data. It is being actively developed by Thermo Fisher Scientific in collaboration with the Zuse Institute Berlin (ZIB), and commercially distributed by Thermo Fisher Scientific — together with its sister software Avizo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sabouroff head</span> Late Archaic Greek marble sculpture

The Sabouroff head is a Late Archaic Greek marble sculpture. It is dated to c. 550–525 BC. This head of a Kouros was named after Peter Alexandrovich Saburov, a collector of ancient Greek sculpture and antiquities. It is 23 centimeters in height. The sculpture is currently located in the Antikensammlung Berlin and allegedly from Attica or Aegina. There are conjectures that it may also have been from Caria in Asia Minor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hubert Mara</span> Austrian computer pioneer

Hubert Mara is an Austrian Computer Scientist who specializes in Archaeoinformatics and the application of methods from computer science to the humanities, and thus a combination of these fields.

References

  1. ↑ "FCGL: Forensic Computational Geometry Laboratory". fcgl.iwr.uni-heidelberg.de. Archived from the original on 2020-03-03. Retrieved 2019-10-19.
  2. ↑ "Gigamesh". gigamesh.eu.
  3. ↑ "An easy intro to 3D models from Structure from Motion (SFM, photogrammetry)". 2019-12-15. Retrieved 2020-04-10.
  4. ↑ Thaller, Manfred (2014-09-18). "Are the Humanities an Endangered or a Dominant Species in the Digital Ecosystem?". Proceedings of the Third AIUCD Annual Conference on Humanities and Their Methods in the Digital Ecosystem. ACM. pp. 1–6. doi:10.1145/2802612.2802613. ISBN   9781450332958. S2CID   37289228.
  5. ↑ Pintus, Ruggero; Pal, Kazim; Yang, Ying; Weyrich, Tim; Gobbetti, Enrico; Rushmeier, Holly (2015-08-06). "A Survey of Geometric Analysis in Cultural Heritage". Computer Graphics Forum. 35 (1): 4–31. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.722.6692 . doi:10.1111/cgf.12668. ISSN   0167-7055. S2CID   6558660.
  6. ↑ Hämmerle, Martin; Höfle, Bernhard (2017-12-05), "Introduction to LiDAR in Geoarchaeology from a Technological Perspective", Digital Geoarchaeology, Natural Science in Archaeology, Springer International Publishing, pp. 167–182, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25316-9_11, ISBN   9783319253145
  7. ↑ Bayer, Paul; Lamm, Susanne (2018), Trinkl, Elisabeth (ed.), "Mehr als nur Ben Hur – Eine 3D-Abrollung des römischen Silberbecher von Grünau", Forum Archaeologiae (in German), vol. 87, no. VI, ISSN   1605-4636
  8. 1 2 Mara, Hubert; Portl, Julia (2013), Trinkl, Elisabeth (ed.), "Acquisition and Documentation of Vessels using High-Resolution 3D-Scanners" (PDF), Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum Österreich, vol. Beiheft 1, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften — VÖAW, pp. 25–40, ISBN   978-3-7001-7145-4 , retrieved 2018-08-24, KBytes: 900
  9. ↑ Kurt F. de Swaaf (2010-06-30), "Gemeißelte Geheimnisse: Forscher entziffern jüdische Grabinschriften", Spiegel Online (in German), retrieved 2018-08-03
  10. 1 2 Hubert Mara (2012), Multi-Scale Integral Invariants for Robust Character Extraction from Irregular Polygon Mesh Data, Heidelberg: Heidelberg University Library, doi:10.11588/heidok.00013890
  11. 1 2 Mara, Hubert; Krömker, Susanne; Jakob, Stefan; Breuckmann, Bernd (2010), "GigaMesh and Gilgamesh — 3D Multiscale Integral Invariant Cuneiform Character Extraction", Proceedings of VAST International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, Palais du Louvre, Paris, France: Eurographics Association, pp. 131–138, doi:10.2312/VAST/VAST10/131-138, ISBN   9783905674293, ISSN   1811-864X , retrieved 2019-06-23
  12. ↑ Hubert Mara (2017), Visual Computing for Analysis of Sealings, Script and Fingerprints in 3D, Presentation about Multi Scale Integral Invariant filtering with illustrating images (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-08-02, retrieved 2018-08-24, KBytes: 8700
  13. ↑ heiDATA — IWR Computer Graphics Dataverse in der Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg
  14. ↑ "DFG - GEPRIS - Minoische Siegelglyptik zwischen corpusartiger Erfassung und 3D-Forensik. Eine multidisziplinäre Dokumentation von 900 unpublizierten Siegeln aus dem Archäologischen Museum von Heraklion" (in German). Retrieved 2018-09-11.
  15. ↑ "ErKon3D — Erschließung und Kontextualisierung von ägäischen Siegeln und Siegelabdrücken mit 3D-Forensik" [3D forensic analysis and contextualisation of aegean seals and sealings]. funding portal of the German federal government (in German). Retrieved 2020-09-07. "ErKon3D short description". portal for scientific collections (in German). Retrieved 2020-09-07.
  16. ↑ Bogacz, Bartosz; Papadimitriou, Nikolas; Panagiotopoulos, Diamantis; Mara, Hubert (2019), "Recovering and Visualizing Deformation in 3D Aegean Sealings", Proc. of the 14th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Application (VISAPP), Prague, Czech Republic, retrieved 28 March 2019
  17. ↑ Feldmann, Felix; Bogacz, Bartosz; Prager, Christian; Mara, Hubert (2018), "Histogram of Oriented Gradients for Maya Glyph Retrieval", Proc. of the 16thEurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage (GCH), Vienna, Austria: The Eurographics Association, pp. 105–111, doi:10.2312/gch.20181346, ISBN   978-3-03868-057-4, ISSN   2312-6124 , retrieved 2020-02-03
  18. ↑ Reindel, Markus; Fux, Peter; Fecher, Franziska (2018), "Archäologisches Projekt Guadalupe: Bericht über die Feldkampagne 2017", Jahresberichte (in German), vol. 2017, Zürich, Switzerland: SLSA, Schweizerisch-Liechtensteinische Stiftung für archäologische Forschungen im Ausland, doi:10.5167/uzh-158145
  19. ↑ Fecher, Franziska; Reindel, Markus; Fux, Peter; Gubler, Brigitte; Mara, Hubert; Bayer, Paul; Lyons, Mike (2020), Burkhard Vogt und Jörg Linstädter (ed.), "The ceramic finds from Guadalupe, Honduras: Optimizing archaeological documentation with a combination of digital and analog techniques", Journal of Global Archaeology (JOGA), Bonn, Germany: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Kommission für Archäologie Aussereuropäischer Kulturen, pp. § 1–54–§ 1–54, doi:10.34780/joga.v2020i0.1009, ISSN   2701-5572
  20. ↑ "Website of the Scanning for Syria project at the Leiden University" . Retrieved 2019-11-27.
  21. ↑ Ngan-Tillard, Dominique (2018-06-05), Scanning for Syria - digital book of cuneiform tablet T98-34, Delft, Netherlands, doi:10.4121/uuid:0bd4470b-a055-4ebd-b419-a900d3163c8a , retrieved 2020-02-03{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)[ permanent dead link ], KBytes: 48600
  22. ↑ Nieuwenhuyse, Olivier; Hiatlih, Khaled; al-Fakhri, Ayham; Haqi, Rasha; Ngan-Tillard, Dominique; Mara, Hubert; Burch Joosten, Katrina (2019), "Focus Raqqa: Schutz für das archäologische Erbe des Museums von ar-Raqqa", Antike Welt (in German), wbg Philipp von Zabern, pp. 76–83, retrieved 2019-12-17[ permanent dead link ]
  23. ↑ Seeing through clay: 4000 year old tablets in hypermodern scanner on YouTube
  24. ↑ Unpacking a Cuneiform Tablet wrapped in a clay envelope on YouTube, cf. doi:10.11588/heidok.00026892
  25. ↑ "Website of the Europa Nostra Award for the Scanning for Syria project" . Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  26. ↑ "Website of the Scanning for Syria project by the Leiden-Delft-Erasmus Centre for Global Heritage and Development". 7 May 2020. Retrieved 2020-07-03.
  27. ↑ "International Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitive Methods in Archaeology, Krakau, Poland, 2019" . Retrieved 2019-04-16.
  28. ↑ Mara, Hubert (2019-06-06), HeiCuBeDa Hilprecht – Heidelberg Cuneiform Benchmark Dataset for the Hilprecht Collection, heiDATA – institutional repository for research data of Heidelberg University, doi:10.11588/data/IE8CCN
  29. ↑ Mara, Hubert (2019-06-06), HeiCu3Da Hilprecht – Heidelberg Cuneiform 3D Database - Hilprecht Collection, heidICON – Die Heidelberger Objekt- und Multimediadatenbank, doi:10.11588/heidicon.hilprecht
  30. ↑ Mara, Hubert; Bogacz, Bartosz (2019), "Breaking the Code on Broken Tablets: The Learning Challenge for Annotated Cuneiform Script in Normalized 2D and 3D Datasets", Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), Sydney, Australia, pp. 148–153, doi:10.1109/ICDAR.2019.00032, ISBN   978-1-7281-3014-9, S2CID   211026941
  31. ↑ Bogacz, Bartosz; Mara, Hubert (2020), "Period Classification of 3D Cuneiform Tablets with Geometric Neural Networks", Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Frontiers of Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR), Dortmund, Germany, pp. 246–251, doi:10.1109/ICFHR2020.2020.00053, ISBN   978-1-7281-9966-5, S2CID   227219798
  32. ↑ Presentation of the ICFHR paper on Period Classification of 3D Cuneiform Tablets with Geometric Neural Networks on YouTube
  33. ↑ Hubert Mara, Timo Homburg (2023-08-29), MaiCuBeDa Hilprecht – Mainz Cuneiform Benchmark Dataset for the Hilprecht Collection, heiDATA – institutional repository for research data of Heidelberg University, doi:10.11588/data/QSNIQ2
  34. ↑ Ernst Stötzner, Timo Homburg, Jan Philipp Bullenkamp and Hubert Mara (2023), "R-CNN based PolygonalWedge Detection Learned from Annotated 3D Renderings and Mapped Photographs of Open Data Cuneiform Tablets", Proceedings of the 21st Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage (GCH), Salento, Italy, pp. 47–56, doi:10.2312/gch.20231157, ISBN   9783038682172, ISSN   2312-6124 , retrieved 2023-11-06{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  35. ↑ Stötzner, Ernst; Homburg, Timo; Mara, Hubert (2023), "CNN based Cuneiform Sign Detection Learned from Annotated 3D Renderings and Mapped Photographs with Illumination Augmentation", Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), Paris, France, pp. 1672–1680, arXiv: 2308.11277 , doi:10.1109/ICCVW60793.2023.00183, ISBN   979-8-3503-0744-3
  36. ↑ "IWR Newsroom, Contribution of visualizations to an archaeological Exhibition in the Louvre Museum". 2019-07-13. Retrieved 2020-01-31.
  37. ↑ "文化財の壺 第7号 特集:文化財研究を進める技術を考える, Issue 7, June 2019, ISBN 21851972" (in Japanese). Retrieved 2020-04-10.
  38. ↑ Araki Minoru (2020-01-30). "Blog entry about rollouts of Jōmon period vessels in Nara" (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-10-04. "Rollout tutorial" (in Japanese). 2021-09-30. Retrieved 2021-10-04.
  39. ↑ MSII Filtering: Cuneiform Characters & Fingerprints on YouTube
  40. ↑ "DFG - GEPRIS - Digitale Edition der Keilschrifttexte aus Haft Tappeh (Iran)" (in German). Retrieved 2021-01-17.
  41. ↑ Brandes, Tim; Huber, Eva-Maria (2020), Behzad Mofidi-Nasrabadi (ed.), "Die Texte aus Haft Tappeh – Beobachtungen zu den Textfunden aus Areal I", Elamica: Contributions on History and Culture of Elam and Its Neighbouring Regions (in German), no. 10, Hildesheim, Germany: Franzbecker, pp. 9–42, ISBN   978-3881208802
  42. ↑ Zhao, Yumeng; Deng, Bozhi; Cortes, Douglas D.; Dai, Sheng (2023), "Morphological Advantages of Angelwing Shells in Mechanical Boring", Acta Geotechnica, vol. 19, no. 3, Springer, pp. 1179–1190, doi:10.1007/s11440-023-01962-w, S2CID   259731305
  43. ↑ Homburg, Timo; Cramer, Anja; Raddatz, Laura; Mara, Hubert (2021), "Metadata Schema and Ontology for Capturing and Processing of 3D Cultural Heritage Objects", Heritage Science, vol. 9, no. 91, Springer, doi: 10.1186/s40494-021-00561-w , S2CID   236438045
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.