Goblin (Dungeons & Dragons)

Last updated
Goblin
DnD Goblin.png
First appearanceThe Dungeons & Dragons "white box" set (1974)
Based on Goblin
In-universe information
TypeHumanoid
AlignmentUsually Neutral Evil

In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, goblins are a common and fairly weak race of evil humanoid monsters. Goblins are non-human monsters that low-level player characters often face in combat.

Contents

Influences

Goblins in Dungeons & Dragons are based primarily on the goblins portrayed in J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-Earth. [1] Goblins are presented as "evil" and "predisposed towards a society of brutal regimes where the strongest rule" in the game. [2] : 48, 66, 134  In turn, D&D's goblins influenced later portrayals in games and fiction, such as the tabletop wargame Warhammer Fantasy Battle . [3] They have also been compared to German kobolds. [4] Unlike the goblins in Tolkien's works, the goblins of D&D are a separate race from orcs; instead, they are a part of the related species collectively referred to as goblinoids, [3] which includes hobgoblins, bugbears, and others.

Publication history

The goblin first appeared in the fantasy supplement to the original "Chainmail" set, prior to appearing in the original Dungeons & Dragons game.

Dungeons & Dragons (1974–1976)

The goblin was one of the first monsters introduced in the earliest edition of the game, the Dungeons & Dragons "white box" set (1974), where they were described simply as small monsters. [5]

Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 1st edition (1977–1988)

The goblin appears in the first edition Monster Manual (1977), [6] where it is described as having a tribal society and dwelling in dismal surroundings. They also appeared in the video game Pool of Radiance (1988), with the depiction directly derived from that book. [7] [8]

The mythology and attitudes of the goblins are described in detail in Dragon #63 (July 1982), in Roger E. Moore's article, "The Humanoids." [9]

In the article "Hey, Wanna Be a Kobold?" by Joseph Clay in Dragon #141 (January 1989), kobolds, xvarts, goblins, and orcs were presented as player character races along with two new character classes the "Shaman" and the "Witch Doctor". [10]

Dungeons & Dragons (1977–1999)

This edition of the D&D game included its own version of the goblin, in the Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set (1977, 1981, 1983). [11] [12] [13] The goblin was featured as a player character race in the gazetteer The Orcs of Thar (1989). Goblins were also later featured in the Dungeons & Dragons Game set (1991), the Dungeons & Dragons Rules Cyclopedia (1991), [14] the Classic Dungeons & Dragons Game set (1994), and the Dungeons & Dragons Adventure Game set (1999). [15]

Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition (1989–1999)

The goblin appears first in the Monstrous Compendium Volume One (1989), [16] and is reprinted in the Monstrous Manual (1993). [17]

The goblin is detailed as a playable character race in The Complete Book of Humanoids (1993). [18] The book notes that goblins cannot be wizards. [19] The goblin is later presented as a playable character race again in Player's Option: Skills & Powers (1995), [20] and in the module Reverse Dungeon (2000). [21]

The goblyn, a related creature in the Ravenloft campaign setting, appeared in the module Feast of Goblyns (1990), and the Monstrous Compendium Ravenloft Appendix (1991).

The Cerilian goblin for the Birthright campaign setting appeared in the Birthright Campaign Setting set (1995), and was reprinted in Monstrous Compendium Annual Three (1996).

Dungeons & Dragons 3.0 edition (2000–2002)

The goblin appears in the Monster Manual for this edition (2000). [22]

Tactics for fighting goblins were described in "Vs. Goblins", by Bruce Cordell, in Dragon #275 (2000). [23]

The Dekanter goblin was introduced in Monsters of Faerun (2000). Races of Faerûn (2003) presented the goblin and Dekanter goblin as player character races for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting. [24]

The blue, a psionic relative of the goblin, appeared in the Psionics Handbook (2001).

The goblyn of Ravenloft appeared for this edition in Denizens of Darkness (2002).

Dungeons & Dragons 3.5 edition (2003–2007)

The goblin appears in the revised Monster Manual for this edition (2003).

The blue appeared in the Expanded Psionics Handbook (2004). [25]

The air goblin, the aquatic goblin, the arctic goblin, the desert goblin, and the jungle goblin were all introduced in Unearthed Arcana (2004). [26] Monster Manual III (2004) introduced the forestkith goblin. [27] The snow goblin appeared in Frostburn: Mastering the Perils of Ice and Snow (2004). [28] The dark goblin appeared in Tome of Magic (2006). [29] The vril, and the goblin flesh-herder appeared in Drow of the Underdark (2007).

The goblyn of Ravenloft was updated to this edition in Denizens of Dread (2004), but also appeared again in the Campaign Classics feature in Dragon #339 (January 2006).

Dungeons & Dragons 4th edition (2008–2014)

The goblin appears in the Monster Manual for this edition (2008), including the goblin cutter, the goblin blackblade, the goblin warrior, the goblin sharpshooter, the goblin hexer, the goblin skullcleaver, and the goblin underboss. The bugbear and the hobgoblin also appear under the goblin entry in this edition's Monster Manual. [30]

Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition (2014–present)

Goblins feature in the first segment of the adventure Lost Mine of Phandelver, included in the 5th edition Dungeons & Dragons Starter Set (2014). [31] The goblin also appears in the Monster Manual for this edition (2014), including the goblin boss. [32] In Volo's Guide to Monsters Goblins, Hobgoblins, and Bugbears were featured as playable races under Monstrous Races. [33] [34] In Guildmasters' Guide to Ravnica Goblins were a playable race. [35]

Description

In Dungeons & Dragons, goblins are small humanoid monsters. [36] They vary in height from about 3 to 3 ½ feet (91 – 106 cm) and weigh 40 to 45 pounds (21 – 24 kg). They walk upright even though their arms nearly reach their knees. Their eyes vary from red to yellow and are usually dull and glazed. Described as "hideously ugly", [36] they have a broad nose that sits on a flat face with pointed ears and a wide mouth. Their mouth contains small, but sharp fangs. Their skin pigment ranges from a deep red through nearly any shade of orange to yellow. Members of the same tribe tend to have the same skin color.

Society

Goblins usually live in tribes which are ruled by the strongest goblin in the group. These tribes vary in size from gangs of 4–9 to tribes of up to 400. [37] Most larger tribes have wolves or dire wolves as mounts, or ally themselves with worgs, which also carry them into battle. Goblin tribes usually settle near civilized areas to raid for food, livestock, tools, weapons, and supplies. It is common for the leaders of goblin clans to be non-goblin (either other goblinoids or a different species entirely); such leaders are exploiting the goblins as disposable soldiers to further their purpose.

Maglubiyet, chief deity of goblins in most campaign settings Maglubiyet.gif
Maglubiyet, chief deity of goblins in most campaign settings

In most campaign settings, Maglubiyet, the god of war and rulership, is the chief deity of goblins. Other gods worshipped by the goblins include Khurgorbaeyag, the god of slavery, oppression, and morale, and Bargrivyek, the god of co-operation and territory.

Deities of other goblin races include Meriadar (deity of patience, tolerance, meditation, and arts and crafts) and Stalker (deity of hate, death, and cold), as well as the hobgoblin god Nomog-Geaya (deity of War and Authority), the bugbear gods Hruggek (deity of violence and combat), Grankhul (deity of hunting, senses, and surprise), and Skiggaret (deity of fear), as well as Kikanuti the goddess of the desert goblins, known as bhukas.

Goblin sub-races

Sub-races of goblin in Dungeons & Dragons include the snow goblin, the aquatic goblin, and the jungle goblin, each adapted to a particular environment. [36]

Nilbog

Nilbogs are, according to the game description, a type of naturally-born but magical goblins that are healed by receiving damage and are damaged by healing spells. [38] Furthermore, they project a paradox area effect in whose radius every intended action is twisted so that the exact opposite is carried out (i.e.: instead of hitting a nilbog with a weapon, one might end up attacking a companion; or instead of plundering a treasure hoard, an adventuring party under the influence of "nilbogism" might actually end up adding their own wealth to it). The name of this sub-species is "goblin" spelled backward, a reference to this reversal of effects.

Verdan

Introduced in the Acquisitions Incorporated supplement, the Verdan are a race of goblins subject to constant magical mutations due to a connection to a chaotic force of magic. [39] The Verdan are notably taller than other goblins and less monstrous in appearance. Mutations, occurring at random throughout their lifespans, can cause changes to eye color, skin color, hair color, gender and/or sex. They live far longer than any other goblinoid, comfortably over two centuries. As a race, they are nomads, and their traveling has made them less prone to pettiness and violence than their other goblin cousins.

Other publishers

Goblins feature prominently in material for the Pathfinder Roleplaying Game from Paizo Publishing, which is based on the Dungeons & Dragons 3.5 rules. The goblins in Pathfinder, as detailed in Paizo's books Classic Monsters Revisited (2008) [40] and Goblins of Golarion (2011), [41] have a distinct characterization from their Dungeons & Dragons counterparts; reviewers have described them as "walking bundles of chaos and crazy". [42]

Pathfinder's goblins are also central to Paizo's Free RPG Day modules We Be Goblins! (2011), We Be Goblins Too! (2013) and We Be Goblins Free! (2015), which feature goblins as player characters, [43] as well as the licensed Dynamite Entertainment comic Pathfinder: Goblins! [42]

In other media

Goblins are the protagonists in the Dungeons & Dragons-influenced webcomic Goblins . [44] Goblins also feature prominently in another Dungeons & Dragons-influenced work, The Order of the Stick ; a major antagonist, Redcloak, is a goblin cleric serving a deity known as the "Dark One". [45]

A "Goblin Lair" is used as one of the sample encounters in the book Dungeon Master 4th Edition for Dummies. [46]

Reception

Scott Baird from Screen Rant compiled a list of the game's "10 Most Powerful (And 10 Weakest) Monsters, Ranked" in 2018, calling this one of the weakest, saying "Goblins are purposely designed to be weak and ineffective in combat so that they can fulfill their role as the tutorial battle of Dungeons & Dragons." Baird also found goblins the most stereotypical of choices for a combat encounter for beginning characters. [47]

Bleeding Cool perceived the goblin as "the more distinctive race options in the D&D multiverse", [34] while Comic Book Resources counted the goblin as # 10 on the list of "10 Powerful Monster Species That You Should Play As", stating that "They're pretty much everywhere in a fantasy setting and have so many variations that it is unlikely to not fit in a campaign. The traditional goblin is the equivalent of an internet troll, smallish, angry, looking to bully those it can and flee if the confrontation goes badly." [48]

Paul Karczag and Lawrence Schick counted the goblin among the "five main "humanoid" races" in AD&D. [49]

Cyril Pasteau for Backstab found goblins suitable opponents for characters of the lowest level. [50]

A.V. Club reviewer Nick Wanserski praised the "thoughtful" look on goblins provided in Volo's Guide to Monsters : While "such staples as orcs, goblins, and kobolds [...] often get lumped together as a dull monolith", the many details here give "a lot of personality to an otherwise easily forgettable monster." [51]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Illithid</span> Fictional monster from Dungeons & Dragons

In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, illithids are monstrous humanoid aberrations with psionic powers. In a typical Dungeons & Dragons campaign setting, they live in the moist caverns and cities of the enormous Underdark. Illithids believe themselves to be the dominant species of the multiverse and use other intelligent creatures as thralls, slaves, and chattel. Illithids are well known for making thralls out of other intelligent creatures, as well as feasting on their brains.

A gelatinous cube is a fictional monster from the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. It is described as a ten-foot cube of transparent gelatinous ooze, which is able to absorb and digest organic matter.

Beholder (<i>Dungeons & Dragons</i>) Fictional monster in Dungeons & Dragons

The beholder is a fictional monster in the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. It is depicted as a floating orb of flesh with a large mouth, single central eye, and many smaller eyestalks on top with powerful magical abilities.

A displacer beast is a fictional evil feline creature created for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game in 1975; it has subsequently been included in every edition of the game to the present day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Owlbear</span> Fictional monster from Dungeons & Dragons

An owlbear is a fictional creature originally created for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. An owlbear is depicted as a cross between a bear and an owl, which "hugs" like a bear and attacks with its beak. Inspired by a plastic toy made in Hong Kong, Gary Gygax created the owlbear and introduced the creature to the game in the 1975 Greyhawk supplement; the creature has since appeared in every subsequent edition of the game. Owlbears, or similar beasts, also appear in several other fantasy role-playing games, video games and other media.

Troll (<i>Dungeons & Dragons</i>) Fictional monster in Dungeons & Dragons

Trolls are fictional monsters in the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game.

Several different editions of the Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) fantasy role-playing game have been produced since 1974. The current publisher of D&D, Wizards of the Coast, produces new materials only for the most current edition of the game. However, many D&D fans continue to play older versions of the game and some third-party companies continue to publish materials compatible with these older editions.

Dwarf (<i>Dungeons & Dragons</i>) Fictional playable humanoid race

A dwarf, in the Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) fantasy roleplaying game, is a humanoid race, one of the primary races available for player characters. The idea for the D&D dwarf comes from the dwarves of European mythologies and J. R. R. Tolkien's novel The Lord of the Rings (1954–1955), and has been used in D&D and its predecessor Chainmail since the early 1970s. Variations from the standard dwarf archetype of a short and stout demihuman are commonly called subraces, of which there are more than a dozen across many different rule sets and campaign settings.

Orc (<i>Dungeons & Dragons</i>)

In the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, orcs are a primitive race of savage, bestial, barbaric humanoid.

Kobold (<i>Dungeons & Dragons</i>) Fictional species in Dungeons & Dragons

Kobolds are a fictional race of humanoid creatures featured in the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game and other fantasy media. They are often depicted as small reptilian humanoids with long tails, distantly related to dragons.

Centaur (<i>Dungeons & Dragons</i>)

In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, the centaur is a large monstrous humanoid. Based upon the centaurs of Greek myth, a centaur in the game resembles a human with the lower body of a horse.

Giant (<i>Dungeons & Dragons</i>) Large humanoid creature in "Dungeons & Dragons"

In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, giants are a collection of very large humanoid creatures based on giants of legend, or in third edition, a "creature type".

Lich (<i>Dungeons & Dragons</i>) Undead creature in "Dungeons & Dragons"

The lich is an undead creature found in the Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) fantasy role-playing game. Liches are spellcasters who seek to defy death by magical means.

Vampire (<i>Dungeons & Dragons</i>) Fictional monster from Dungeons & Dragons

In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, a vampire is an undead creature. A humanoid or monstrous humanoid creature can become a vampire, and looks as it did in life, with pale skin, haunting red eyes, and a feral cast to its features. A new vampire is created when another vampire drains the life out of a living creature. Its depiction is related to those in the 1930s and 1940s Hollywood Dracula and monster movies. In writing vampires into the game, as with other creatures arising in folklore, the authors had to consider what elements arising in more recent popular culture should be incorporated into their description and characteristics.

Tritons are a fictional species in the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game.

<i>The Complete Book of Humanoids</i>

The Complete Book of Humanoids is a sourcebook for the second edition of the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons fantasy adventure role-playing game.

The legion of fictional deities in the World of Greyhawk campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy roleplaying game covers an extensive range of spheres of influence, allowing players to customize the spiritual beliefs and powers of their characters, and as well as giving Dungeon Masters a long list of gods from which to design evil temples and minions. Although the Greyhawk campaign world, when it was merely a home game, started with no specific gods, the value of having deities available for both players and game plot purposes was quickly realized. The number of deities has varied with each version of the campaign world that has been published, but for many years numbered a few dozen. It has only been since 1999 that the number of gods increased dramatically to almost 200, due to the volume of newly published material that was subsequently integrated into the campaign world.

<i>The Orcs of Thar</i> Tabletop role-playing game supplement for Dungeons & Dragons

The Orcs of Thar is an accessory for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, written by Bruce Heard and published by TSR in 1988.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gargoyle (monster)</span> A fantasy creature inspired by the architectural Gargoyle element

The gargoyle is a fantasy and horror monster inspired by the gargoyle architectural element. While they were believed in mythology to frighten away evil spirits, the idea of such statues physically coming to life is a more recent notion. Like golems, they are usually made of magically animated or transformed stone, but have animal or chimera traits and are often guardians of a place such as a cathedral or castle. They can also be depicted as vessels for demonic possession or as a living species resembling statues.

Gnome (<i>Dungeons & Dragons</i>) Race in Dungeons & Dragons

In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, gnomes are one of the core races available for play as player characters. Some speculate that they are closely related to dwarves; however, gnomes are smaller and more tolerant of other races, nature, and magic. Depending on the setting and subrace, they are often skilled with illusion magic or engineering. Gnomes are small humanoids, standing 3–3.5 feet (91–107 cm) tall.

References

  1. ↑ Searsmith, Kelly (2014). "Goblin". In Weinstock, Jeffrey (ed.). The Ashgate Encyclopedia of Literary and Cinematic Monsters. Ashgate Publishing. p. 289.
  2. ↑ Clements, Philip J. (December 2019). Dungeons & Discourse: Intersectional Identities in Dungeons & Dragons (PhD). Retrieved September 22, 2020.
  3. 1 2 Weinstock, Jeffrey (2014). The Ashgate Encyclopedia of Literary and Cinematic Monsters. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN   9781409425625.
  4. ↑ Klepeis, Alicia Z. (2016). Creatures of Fantasy - Goblins. Cavendish Square Publishing. p. 56. ISBN   978-1-5026-0934-2.
  5. ↑ Gygax, Gary, and Dave Arneson. Dungeons & Dragons (3-Volume Set) (TSR, 1974)
  6. ↑ Gygax, Gary. Monster Manual (TSR, 1977)
  7. ↑ Witwer, Michael; Newman, Kyle; Peterson, Jonathan; Witwer, Sam; Manganiello, Joe (October 2018). Dungeons & Dragons Art & Arcana: a visual history. Ten Speed Press. pp. 212, 214. ISBN   9780399580949. OCLC   1033548473.
  8. ↑ Gary Gygax (December 1977). Monster Manual . TSR, Inc. ISBN   0-9356-9600-8.
  9. ↑ Moore, Roger E. "The Humanoids." Dragon #63 (TSR, 1982)
  10. ↑ Clay, Joseph (1989). "Hey, Wanna Be a Kobold?". Dragon . #141. TSR.
  11. ↑ Gygax, Gary, and Dave Arneson [1974], edited by J. Eric Holmes. Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set (TSR, 1977)
  12. ↑ Gygax, Gary, and Dave Arneson [1974], edited by Tom Moldvay. Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set (TSR, 1981)
  13. ↑ Gygax, Gary, and Dave Arneson [1974], edited by Frank Mentzer. Dungeons & Dragons Set 1: Basic Rules (TSR, 1983)
  14. ↑ Allston, Aaron, Steven E. Schend, Jon Pickens, and Dori Watry. Dungeons & Dragons Rules Cyclopedia (TSR, 1991)
  15. ↑ Slavicsek, Bill. Dungeons & Dragons Adventure Game (TSR, 1999)
  16. ↑ Cook, David, et al. Monstrous Compendium Volume One (TSR, 1989)
  17. ↑ Stewart, Doug, ed. Monstrous Manual (TSR, 1993)
  18. ↑ Slavicsek, Bill. The Complete Book of Humanoids (TSR, 1993)
  19. ↑ Swan, Rick (May 1994). "Role-playing Reviews". Dragon (#205). Lake Geneva, Wisconsin: TSR: 102.
  20. ↑ Niles, Douglas and Dale Donovan. Player's Option: Skills & Powers (TSR, 1995)
  21. ↑ Rateliff, John D., and Bruce R. Cordell. Reverse Dungeon . Renton, WA: Wizards of the Coast, 2000
  22. ↑ Cook, Monte, Jonathan Tweet, and Skip Williams. Monster Manual (Wizards of the Coast, 2000)
  23. ↑ Cordell, Bruce R. "Vs. Goblins." Dragon #275 (Paizo Publishing, 2000)
  24. ↑ Reynolds, Sean K., Forbeck, Matt, Jacobs, James, Boyd, Erik L. Races of Faerûn (Wizards of the Coast, 2003)
  25. ↑ Cordell, Bruce R. Expanded Psionics Handbook (Wizards of the Coast, 2004)
  26. ↑ Collins, Andy, Jesse Decker, David Noonan, and Rich Redman. Unearthed Arcana (Wizards of the Coast, 2004)
  27. ↑ Burlew, Rich, et al. Monster Manual III (Wizards of the Coast, 2004)
  28. ↑ Baur, Wolfgang, James Jacobs, and George Strayton. Frostburn (Wizards of the Coast, 2004)
  29. ↑ Sernett, Matthew, Dave Noonan, Ari Marmell, and Robert J. Schwalb. Tome of Magic: Pact, Shadow, and Truename Magic (Wizards of the Coast, 2006)
  30. ↑ Mearls, Mike, Stephen Schubert, and James Wyatt. Monster Manual (Wizards of the Coast, 2008)
  31. ↑ "The new Dungeons & Dragons is more streamlined but no less of a challenge". The A.V. Club. 2014-09-23. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
  32. ↑ Monster Manual (Wizards of the Coast, 2014)
  33. ↑ Volo's Guide to Monsters (Wizards of the Coast, 2016)
  34. 1 2 Wickline, Dan (2016-11-16). "New Dungeons & Dragons Monster Guide Has Limited Edition Cover Option". Bleeding Cool . Retrieved 2024-01-29.
  35. ↑ Guildmasters' Guide to Ravnica (Wizards of the Coast, 2018)
  36. 1 2 3 Currie, Stephen (2011). Goblins. Capstone. ISBN   9781601523600.
  37. ↑ Carton, Jans. "The Hypertext d20 SRD" . Retrieved 28 April 2013.
  38. ↑ Roger Musson (after Nick Best) (April 1978). "The Fiend Factory". White Dwarf (6). Don Turnbull (editor). Games Workshop: 6–8.
  39. ↑ Acquisitions Incorporated. Inc Wizards of the Coast, Acquisitions Incorporated. Renton, WA. 2019. ISBN   978-0-7869-6690-5. OCLC   1104795915.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  40. ↑ Baur, Wolfgang, Jason Bulmahn, Joshua J. Frost, James Jacobs, Nicolas Logue, Mike McArtor, James L. Sutter, Greg A. Vaughan, Jeremy Walker. Classic Monsters Revisited (Paizo, 2008)
  41. ↑ James Jacobs, Hal Maclean, Richard Pett. Pathfinder Player Companion: Goblins of Golarion (Paizo, 2011)
  42. 1 2 "Best Shots Advance Reviews: SATELLITE SAM #2, PATHFINDER: GOBLINS! #1". Newsarama. 2013-08-06. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
  43. ↑ "Pathfinder Module: We Be Goblins Free! (PFRPG)". paizo.com. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
  44. ↑ Hunt, Tarol (2006). Goblins Book One: Life Though Their Eyes. Tarol Hunt. ISBN   0978373707.
  45. ↑ Burlew, Rich (2007). The Order of the Stick: Start of Darkness. Giant in the Playground. ISBN   978-0976658047.
  46. ↑ Wyatt, James; Slavicsek, Bill; Baker, Rich (2008). Dungeon Master 4th Edition For Dummies. For Dummies. ISBN   978-0470292914.
  47. ↑ Baird, Scott (May 20, 2018). "Dungeons & Dragons: 10 Most Powerful (And 10 Weakest) Monsters, Ranked". Screen Rant . Retrieved February 23, 2022.
  48. ↑ Bourque, Jacob (March 12, 2020). "Dungeons & Dragons: 10 Powerful Monster Species That You Should Play As". Comic Book Resources . Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  49. ↑ Schick, Lawrence (1991). Heroic Worlds: A History and Guide to Role-Playing Games. Prometheus Books. p. 92. ISBN   0-87975-653-5.
  50. ↑ Pasteau, Cyril (November 2000). "The Sunless Citadel". Backstab (in French). No. 24. p. 75.
  51. ↑ Wanserski, Nick; Chavez, Danette (2016-11-29). "Your guide to Volo's Guide To Monsters". The A.V. Club . Retrieved 2024-02-02.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.