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Aquarius is an equatorial constellation of the zodiac, between Capricornus and Pisces. Its name is Latin for "water-carrier" or "cup-carrier", and its old astronomical symbol is (♒︎), a representation of water. Aquarius is one of the oldest of the recognized constellations along the zodiac. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. It is found in a region often called the Sea due to its profusion of constellations with watery associations such as Cetus the whale, Pisces the fish, and Eridanus the river.
Puppis is a constellation in the southern sky. Puppis, the Latin translation of "poop deck", was originally part of an over-large constellation Argo Navis, which centuries after its initial description, was divided into three parts, the other two being Carina, and Vela. Puppis is the largest of the three constellations in square degrees. It is one of the 88 modern constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union.
HD 74156 is a yellow dwarf star in the constellation of Hydra, 187 light years from the Solar System. It is known to be orbited by two giant planets.
HD 102117 or Uklun is a star in the southern constellation of Centaurus. With an apparent visual magnitude of 7.47, it is too dim to be seen without binoculars or a small telescope. It is located at a distance of approximately 129 light years from the Sun based on parallax. HD 102117 is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +50 km/s, having come to within 43.9 light-years some 692,000 years ago. It has one known planet.
HD 101930, also known as Gliese 3683, is an orange hued star located in the southern constellation Centaurus. It has an apparent magnitude of 8.21, making it faintly visible in binoculars but not to the naked eye. The system is located relatively close at a distance of 98 light years but is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 18.4 km/s. A 2007 multicity survey found a co-moving companion located 73″ away, making it a binary star. It has a class of M0-1 and a mass of 0.7 M☉.
HD 93083 is an orange-hued star in the southern constellation of Antlia. It has the proper name Macondo, after the mythical village of the novel One Hundred Years of Solitude. The name was selected by Colombia during the IAU's NameExoWorlds campaign. The star has an apparent visual magnitude of 8.30, which is too faint to be visible to the naked eye. It is located at a distance of 93 light years from the Sun based on parallax. HD 93083 is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +43.65 km/s, having come to within 43 light-years some 484,000 years ago.
HD 177830 is a 7th magnitude binary star system located approximately 205 light-years away in the constellation of Lyra. The primary star is slightly more massive than the Sun, but cooler being a type K star. Therefore, it is a subgiant clearly more evolved than the Sun. In visual light it is four times brighter than the Sun, but because of its distance, about 205 light years, it is not visible to the unaided eye. With binoculars it should be easily visible.
HD 149026 b, formally named Smertrios, is an extrasolar planet and hot Jupiter approximately 250 light-years from the Sun in the constellation of Hercules.
HD 188753 is a hierarchical triple star system approximately 151 light-years away in the constellation of Cygnus, the Swan. In 2005, an extrasolar planet was announced to be orbiting the primary star in the system. Follow-up measurements by an independent group in 2007 did not confirm the planet's existence.
HD 69830 is a yellow dwarf star located 41.0 light-years away in the constellation of Puppis. In 2005, the Spitzer Space Telescope discovered a narrow ring of warm debris orbiting the star. The debris ring contains substantially more dust than the Solar System's asteroid belt. In 2006, three extrasolar planets with minimum masses comparable to Neptune were confirmed in orbit around the star, located interior to the debris ring.
Sudarsky's classification of gas giants for the purpose of predicting their appearance based on their temperature was outlined by David Sudarsky and colleagues in the paper Albedo and Reflection Spectra of Extrasolar Giant Planets and expanded on in Theoretical Spectra and Atmospheres of Extrasolar Giant Planets, published before any successful direct or indirect observation of an extrasolar planet atmosphere was made. It is a broad classification system with the goal of bringing some order to the likely rich variety of extrasolar gas-giant atmospheres.
Eta2 Hydri, Latinized from η2 Hydri and often catalogued as HD 11977, is a star in the constellation of Hydrus. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +4.68, and is one of the least variable stars known. The distance to Eta2 Hydri is approximately 222 light-years based on parallax measurements, but it is drifting closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −18 km/s.
HD 164922 is a seventh magnitude G-type main sequence star in the constellation of Hercules. To view it, binoculars or a telescope are necessary, as it is too faint to be visible to the naked eye. It is 71.7 light-years distant from the Earth. It will soon evolve away from the main-sequence and expand to become a red giant.
HD 164922 b is an exoplanet orbiting the star HD 164922 about 72 light-years from Earth in the constellation Hercules. Its inclination is not known, and its true mass may be significantly greater than the radial velocity lower limit of 0.36 Jupiter masses. The planet also has a low eccentricity, unlike most other long period extrasolar planets – 0.05 – about the same as Jupiter and Saturn in the Solar System. The exoplanet was found by using the radial velocity method, from radial-velocity measurements via observation of Doppler shifts in the spectrum of the planet's parent star.
HD 93083 b is an extrasolar planet orbiting the K-type subgiant star HD 93083 in Antlia constellation. It is probably much less massive than Jupiter, although only the minimum mass is known. The planet's mean distance from the star is about half that of Earth, and the orbit is slightly eccentric. This planet was discovered by the HARPS search team.
HD 102117 b, formally named Leklsullun, is a planet that orbits the star HD 102117. The planet is a small gas giant a fifth the size of Jupiter. It orbits very close to its star, but not in a "torch orbit" like the famous 51 Pegasi b. It is one of the smallest extrasolar planets discovered so far.
HD 47186 c is an extrasolar planet located approximately 123 light years away in the constellation of Canis Major, orbiting the star HD 47186. This planet has a minimum mass of 0.35061 times that of Jupiter, or 1.1712 times that of Saturn. It takes 1353.6 days or 3.7059 years to revolve around the star in about the same eccentricity as the dwarf planet Pluto. This planet orbits at about the same distance from the star as the asteroid Vesta is from the Sun.
An exoplanet is a planet located outside the Solar System. The first evidence of an exoplanet was noted as early as 1917, but was not recognized as such until 2016; no planet discovery has yet come from that evidence. What turned out to be the first detection of an exoplanet was published among a list of possible candidates in 1988, though not confirmed until 2003. The first confirmed detection came in 1992, with the discovery of terrestrial-mass planets orbiting the pulsar PSR B1257+12. The first confirmation of an exoplanet orbiting a main-sequence star was made in 1995, when a giant planet was found in a four-day orbit around the nearby star 51 Pegasi. Some exoplanets have been imaged directly by telescopes, but the vast majority have been detected through indirect methods, such as the transit method and the radial-velocity method. As of 1 May 2023, there are 5,366 confirmed exoplanets in 3,962 planetary systems, with 856 systems having more than one planet. This is a list of the most notable discoveries.
HD 240237 b is a super-Jupiter exoplanet orbiting the K-type giant star HD 240237 about 4,900 light-years (1,500 parsecs, or nearly 4.6×1016 km) away from Earth in the constellation Cassiopeia. It orbits outside of the habitable zone of its star at a distance of 1.9 AU. The exoplanet was found by using the radial velocity method, from radial-velocity measurements via observation of Doppler shifts in the spectrum of the planet's parent star. The planet has a mildly eccentric orbit.
HD 89345 b is a Neptune-like exoplanet that orbits a G-type star. It is also called K2-234b. Its mass is 35.7 Earths, it takes 11.8 days to complete one orbit of its star, and is 0.105 AU from its star. It was discovered by 43 astrophysicists, one which is V. Van Eylen, and is announced in 2018.
References
- 1 2 Lovis, C.; et al. (2005). "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets III. Three Saturn-mass planets around HD 93083, HD 101930 and HD 102117". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 437 (3): 1121–1126. arXiv: astro-ph/0503660 . Bibcode:2005A&A...437.1121L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20052864.
