![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Proxima Centauri</span> Nearest star to the Solar System](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/New_shot_of_Proxima_Centauri%2C_our_nearest_neighbour.jpg/320px-New_shot_of_Proxima_Centauri%2C_our_nearest_neighbour.jpg)
Proxima Centauri is a small, low-mass star located 4.2465 light-years (1.3020 pc) away from the Sun in the southern constellation of Centaurus. Its Latin name means the 'nearest [star] of Centaurus'. It was discovered in 1915 by Robert Innes and is the nearest-known star to the Sun. With a quiescent apparent magnitude of 11.13, it is too faint to be seen with the unaided eye. Proxima Centauri is a member of the Alpha Centauri star system, being identified as component Alpha Centauri C, and is 2.18° to the southwest of the Alpha Centauri AB pair. It is currently 12,950 AU (0.2 ly) from AB, which it orbits with a period of about 550,000 years.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">HD 219134</span> Star in the constellation Cassiopeia](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/PIA19832-StarHD219134-Location-20150730.jpg/320px-PIA19832-StarHD219134-Location-20150730.jpg)
HD 219134 is a main-sequence star in the constellation of Cassiopeia. It is smaller and less luminous than the Sun, with a spectral class of K3V, which makes it an orange-hued star. HD 219134 is relatively close to our system, with an estimated distance of 21.34 light years. This star is close to the limit of apparent magnitude that can still be seen by the unaided eye. The limit is considered to be magnitude 6 for most observers. This star has a magnitude 9.4 optical companion at an angular separation of 106.6 arcseconds.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">TRAPPIST-1</span> Ultra-cool red dwarf star in the constellation Aquarius](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/The_ultracool_dwarf_star_TRAPPIST-1_in_the_constellation_of_Aquarius.tif/lossy-page1-320px-The_ultracool_dwarf_star_TRAPPIST-1_in_the_constellation_of_Aquarius.tif.jpg)
TRAPPIST-1 is a cool red dwarf star with seven known exoplanets. It lies in the constellation Aquarius about 40.66 light-years away from Earth, and has a surface temperature of about 2,566 K. Its radius is slightly larger than Jupiter and it has a mass of about 9% of the Sun. It is estimated to be 7.6 billion years old, making it older than the Solar System. The discovery of the star was first published in 2000.
GJ 1132 is a small red dwarf star 41.1 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Vela. In 2015, it was revealed to have a hot rocky Earth-sized planet orbiting it every 1.6 days. In 2018, a second planet and a potential third were revealed.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Proxima Centauri c</span> Exoplanet candidate orbiting Proxima Centauri](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Proxima_planetary_system_new.jpg/320px-Proxima_planetary_system_new.jpg)
Proxima Centauri c is a controversial exoplanet candidate claimed to be orbiting the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri, which is the closest star to the Sun and part of a triple star system. It is located approximately 4.2 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Centaurus, making it, Proxima b, and Proxima d the closest known exoplanets to the Solar System.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Teegarden's Star b</span> Goldilocks terrestrial exoplanet orbiting Teegardens Star](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Teegarden%27s_Star_B_Artistic_depiction.png/320px-Teegarden%27s_Star_B_Artistic_depiction.png)
Teegarden's Star b is an exoplanet found orbiting within the habitable zone of Teegarden's Star, an M-type red dwarf 12.5 light years away from the Solar System. It had the highest Earth Similarity Index (ESI) of any exoplanet, but in February 2024 a new study updated the parameters of the planet, thus reducing its ESI to 0.90, making it no longer the planet with the hightest ESI. Along with Teegarden's Star c, it is among the closest known potentially habitable exoplanets.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">K2-18</span> Red dwarf star in the constellation Leo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Exoplanet_K2-18_b_%28illustration%29_%28weic2321a%29.tiff/lossy-page1-320px-Exoplanet_K2-18_b_%28illustration%29_%28weic2321a%29.tiff.jpg)
K2-18, also known as EPIC 201912552, is a red dwarf star with two planetary companions located 124 light-years from Earth, in the constellation of Leo.
TOI-700 is a red dwarf 101.4 light-years away from Earth located in the Dorado constellation that hosts TOI-700 d, the first Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Proxima Centauri d</span> Sub-Earth candidate orbiting Proxima Centauri](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_Proxima_d_%28close-up%29.jpg/320px-Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_Proxima_d_%28close-up%29.jpg)
Proxima Centauri d is an exoplanet orbiting the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri, the closest star to the Sun and part of the Alpha Centauri triple star system. Together with two other planets in the Proxima Centauri system, it is the closest known exoplanet to the Solar System, located approximately 4.2 light-years away in the constellation of Centaurus. The first signs of the exoplanet emerged as a weak 5.15-day signal in radial velocity data taken from the Very Large Telescope during a 2020 study on Proxima b's mass. This signal was formally proposed to be a candidate exoplanet by Faria et al. in a follow-up paper published in February 2022.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">L 98-59 b</span> Terrestrial planet orbiting L 98-59](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/L_98-59_b.jpg/320px-L_98-59_b.jpg)
L 98-59 b is an exoplanet having a size between that of the Earth and Mars and a mass only half that of Venus. It orbits L 98-59, a red dwarf 35 light-years away in the constellation Volans. There are at least 3 other planets in the system: L 98-59 c, d, e, and the unconfirmed L 98-59 f. Its discovery was announced on 27 June 2019 on the NASA website. It was the smallest planet discovered by TESS until the discovery of LHS 1678b, and was the lowest-mass planet whose mass has been measured using radial velocities until Proxima Centauri d was found in 2022.
L 98-59 is a bright M dwarf star, located in the constellation of Volans, at a distance of 10.608 parsecs, as measured by Gaia.
![<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wolf 1069</span> Red dwarf star in the constellation Cygnus](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Wolf_1069_as_seen_by_SDSS.jpg)
Wolf 1069 is a red dwarf star located 31.2 light-years away from the Solar System in the constellation of Cygnus. The star has 17% the mass and 18% the radius of the Sun, a temperature of 3,158 K, and a slow rotation period of 150–170 days. It hosts one known exoplanet called Wolf 1069 b which could possibly sustain life.