HD 61005

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HD 61005
Circumstellar Disk - HD 61005.jpg
The circumstellar disk of HD 61005
Observation data
Epoch J2000       Equinox J2000
Constellation Puppis
Right ascension 07h 35m 47.46236s [1]
Declination −32° 12′ 14.0451″ [1]
Apparent magnitude  (V)8.22±0.01 [2]
Characteristics
Spectral type G8 Vk [3]
B−V color index +0.73 [4]
R−I color index +0.38 [4]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)22.64±0.04 [5] km/s
Proper motion (μ)RA: −55.050 [1] mas/yr
Dec.: +74.319 [1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)27.4344±0.0155  mas [1]
Distance 118.89 ± 0.07  ly
(36.45 ± 0.02  pc)
Absolute magnitude  (MV)+5.49 [6]
Details
Mass 0.96±0.01 [7]   M☉
Radius 0.81 [8]   R☉
Luminosity 0.61 [9]   L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.54±0.07  cgs
Temperature 5,598 [9]   K
Metallicity [Fe/H]+0.01±0.04 [10]   dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)8.2 [11]  km/s
Age 100 +/- 50 [12]   Myr
Other designations
CD−31°4778, CPD−31°1685, HD 61005, HIP 36948, SAO 198166, TYC 7109-2638-1 [13]
Database references
SIMBAD data

HD 61005, also known as HIP 36948 and The Moth, is a young star located in the southern constellation Puppis, the poop deck. It has an apparent magnitude of 8.22, [2] making it readily visible in binoculars, but not to the naked eye. The object is located relatively close at a distance of 119 light years (36.4 pc) based on Gaia DR3 parallax measurements [1] but is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 22.6  km/s . [5]

Contents

Characteristics

HD 61005 has a stellar classification of G8 Vk, [3] indicating that it is a yellow dwarf with strong interstellar absorption features in its spectrum. However, it is younger than the Sun at an age of 100 +/- 50 million years, meaning that it is just settling onto the normal hydrogen-burning part of the stellar main sequence. The star retains a detectable debris disk - a disk of dust created from collisions of planetesimals in a belt analogous to the Solar System's Kuiper belt. HD 61005 is located at the edge of the Local Bubble, a region with a low concentration of interstellar dust and hot gas surrounding the Sun. It is suspected to be a member of the Argus association. [12]

It has 96% the mass of the Sun [7] and 81% of its solar radius. [8] It radiates 61% of the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,598  K , [9] giving it a yellow hue. HD 61005 has a solar metallicity [10] — meaning it closely matches the Sun’s abundances of the chemical elements heavier than helium; it spins modestly with a projected rotational velocity of 8.2  km/s . [11]

Debris disk

In 2007, astronomer Dean C. Hines and colleagues announced the discovery of a debris disk around HD 61005. [14] The disk has an unusual shape, which in 2009 was shown separately by astronomers John H. Debes and Holly L. Maness is likely due to the headwind created as the system flies at 20-30 km/sec through a dense region of the interstellar medium (ISM). [15] [16] The outer disc morphology, consisting of fine (~1 um dust grains), resembles the wings of a Moth, inspiring the system's informal name. The researchers also suggested that the passage through dense galactic areas can affect the atmosphere of planets that form, although their data analysis did not find evidence for any planets in the system.

In 2018, astronomer Meredith A. MacGregor used the ALMA observatory to image the large particles in the system’s debris disk, showing that the heavy dust is confined to an ecliptic plane that overlaps the heart of the Moth and extends out to the roots of its wings. [17] This ecliptic plane is seen almost perfectly edge-on from the Earth, which may allow us to see the Moth’s wings extending in the opposite direction from the instreaming ISM.

In 2021, a group of astronomers led by Carey M. Lisse of the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory observed the system with the high spatial resolution spectrophotometric ACIS-S camera onboard the Chandra X-ray Observatory . They were motivated to look for evidence of the same charge exchange x-ray emission that occurs between instreaming neutral ISM material and the solar wind (SW) in our heliosphere by the 2007 – 2009 reports of the strong interaction between a local instreaming dense ISM and the HD 61005 system. Since young stars spin much faster and produce much stronger (~70x stronger than the Sun’s) and hotter (~7 times hotter than the Sun’s) stellar winds, they surmised that the collision of the much denser outflowing stellar wind with the much denser (~1000 times the wind experienced by the solar system) inflowing ISM wind would make up for the 36.4 pc distance to the star system. In 2025 they announced that they had imaged a stellar-wind bubble of x-ray emitting material surrounding the system which produced the characteristic x-ray spectral signature of charge exchange seen in our own solar system, the first time this has ever been done from the outside for a G-star like the Sun [18] .

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv: 2208.00211 . Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 . S2CID   244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. 1 2 Høg, E.; Fabricius, C.; Makarov, V. V.; Urban, S.; Corbin, T.; Wycoff, G.; Bastian, U.; Schwekendiek, P.; Wicenec, A. (March 2000). "The Tycho-2 catalogue of the 2.5 million brightest stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 355: L27 –L30. Bibcode:2000A&A...355L..27H. ISSN   0004-6361.
  3. 1 2 Gray, R. O.; Corbally, C. J.; Garrison, R. F.; McFadden, M. T.; Bubar, E. J.; McGahee, C. E.; O'Donoghue, A. A.; Knox, E. R. (2 June 2006). "Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 pc--The Southern Sample". The Astronomical Journal. 132 (1): 161–170. arXiv: astro-ph/0603770 . Bibcode:2006AJ....132..161G. doi: 10.1086/504637 . eISSN   1538-3881. ISSN   0004-6256.
  4. 1 2 Kotoneva, E.; Flynn, C.; Chiappini, C.; Matteucci, F. (1 November 2002). "K dwarfs and the chemical evolution of the solar cylinder". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 336 (3): 879–891. arXiv: astro-ph/0206446 . Bibcode:2002MNRAS.336..879K. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05825.x . eISSN   1365-2966. ISSN   0035-8711.
  5. 1 2 Desidera, S.; Covino, E.; Messina, S.; Carson, J.; Hagelberg, J.; Schlieder, J. E.; Biazzo, K.; Alcalá, J. M.; Chauvin, G.; Vigan, A.; Beuzit, J. L.; Bonavita, M.; Bonnefoy, M.; Delorme, P.; D’Orazi, V.; Esposito, M.; Feldt, M.; Girardi, L.; Gratton, R.; Henning, T.; Lagrange, A. M.; Lanzafame, A. C.; Launhardt, R.; Marmier, M.; Melo, C.; Meyer, M.; Mouillet, D.; Moutou, C.; Segransan, D.; Udry, S.; Zaidi, C. M. (January 2015). "The VLT/NaCo large program to probe the occurrence of exoplanets and brown dwarfs in wide orbits". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 573: A126. arXiv: 1405.1559 . Bibcode:2015A&A...573A.126D. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201323168 . eISSN   1432-0746. ISSN   0004-6361.
  6. ↑ Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (May 2012). "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation". Astronomy Letters. 38 (5): 331–346. arXiv: 1108.4971 . Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A. doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015. eISSN   1562-6873. ISSN   1063-7737. S2CID   119257644.
  7. 1 2 Gomes da Silva, J.; Santos, N. C.; Adibekyan, V.; Sousa, S. G.; Campante, T. L.; Figueira, P.; Bossini, D.; Delgado-Mena, E.; Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G.; de Laverny, P.; Recio-Blanco, A.; Lovis, C. (February 2021). "Stellar chromospheric activity of 1674 FGK stars from the AMBRE-HARPS sample". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 646: A77. arXiv: 2012.10199 . Bibcode:2021A&A...646A..77G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039765 . eISSN   1432-0746. ISSN   0004-6361.
  8. 1 2 Rhee, Joseph H.; Song, Inseok; Zuckerman, B.; McElwain, Michael (10 May 2007). "Characterization of Dusty Debris Disks: The IRAS and Hipparcos Catalogs". The Astrophysical Journal. 660 (2): 1556–1571. arXiv: astro-ph/0609555 . Bibcode:2007ApJ...660.1556R. doi: 10.1086/509912 . eISSN   1538-4357. ISSN   0004-637X.
  9. 1 2 3 Ballering, Nicholas P.; Rieke, George H.; Su, Kate Y. L.; Gáspár, András (18 August 2017). "What Sets the Radial Locations of Warm Debris Disks?". The Astrophysical Journal. 845 (2): 120. arXiv: 1708.07151 . Bibcode:2017ApJ...845..120B. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa8037 . eISSN   1538-4357.
  10. 1 2 De Silva, G. M.; D’Orazi, V.; Melo, C.; Torres, C. A. O.; Gieles, M.; Quast, G. R.; Sterzik, M. (13 March 2013). "Search for associations containing young stars: chemical tagging IC 2391 and the Argus association★". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 431 (2): 1005–1018. arXiv: 1301.5967 . Bibcode:2013MNRAS.431.1005D. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stt153 . eISSN   1365-2966. ISSN   0035-8711.
  11. 1 2 Schröder, C.; Reiners, A.; Schmitt, J. H. M. M. (11 September 2008). "Ca II HK emission in rapidly rotating stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 493 (3): 1099–1107. Bibcode:2009A&A...493.1099S. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:200810377 . eISSN   1432-0746. ISSN   0004-6361.
  12. 1 2 Desidera, S.; Covino, E.; Messina, S.; D’Orazi, V.; Alcalá, J. M.; Brugaletta, E.; Carson, J.; Lanzafame, A. C.; Launhardt, R. (31 March 2011). "The debris disk host star HD 61005: a member of the Argus association?". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 529: A54. arXiv: 1102.3333 . Bibcode:2011A&A...529A..54D. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201016267 . eISSN   1432-0746. ISSN   0004-6361.
  13. ↑ "HD 61005". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 28 December 2016.
  14. ↑ Hines, Dean C.; Schneider, Glenn; Hollenbach, David; Mamajek, Eric E.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; Metchev, Stanimir A.; Meyer, Michael R.; Carpenter, John M.; Moro-Martín, Amaya; Silverstone, Murray D.; Kim, Jinyoung Serena; Henning, Thomas; Bouwman, Jeroen; Wolf, Sebastian (21 November 2007). "The Moth: An Unusual Circumstellar Structure Associated with HD 61005". The Astrophysical Journal. 671 (2): L165 –L168. Bibcode:2007ApJ...671L.165H. doi: 10.1086/525016 . eISSN   1538-4357. ISSN   0004-637X.
  15. ↑ Debes, J. (September 2009). "Interstellar Medium Sculpting of the HD 32297 Debris Disk". The Astrophysical Journal. 702 (1): 318–326. arXiv: 0908.4368 . Bibcode:2009ApJ...702..318D. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/702/1/318 . eISSN   0000-0000. ISSN   0000-0000.
  16. ↑ Maness, H. (December 2009). "Hubble Space Telescope Optical Imaging of the Eroding Debris Disk HD 61005". The Astrophysical Journal. 707 (1): 1098–1114. arXiv: 0910.5223 . Bibcode:2009ApJ...707.1098M. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/1098 . eISSN   0000-0000. ISSN   0000-0000.
  17. ↑ MacGregor, M. (December 2018). "ALMA Detection of Extended Millimeter Halos in the HD 32297 and HD 61005 Debris Disks". The Astrophysical Journal. 869 (1): 75. arXiv: 1812.05610 . Bibcode:2018ApJ...869...75M. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaec71 . eISSN   0000-0000. ISSN   0000-0000.
  18. ↑ Lisse, C.; Wolk, S.; Snios, B.; McNutt, R. (11 December 2025). "First Resolution of a Main Sequence G-Star's Astrosphere Using Chandra". The Astrophysical Journal. arXiv: 2512.09613 . Bibcode:2025arXiv251209613L.
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