House of Howard

House of Howard
Coat of arms of Howard, granted to Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk
Country	Kingdom of England, United Kingdom
Founded	1483
Founder	John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk
Current head	Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk
Titles	See list Extant Titles Duke of Norfolk Cardinal protector of England Earl of Arundel Earl of Surrey Earl of Norfolk Earl of Effingham Earl of Nottingham Earl of Berkshire Earl of Norwich Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent Baron Stafford Baron Lanerton Baron Furnivall Baron Howard Baron Howard of Castle Rising Baron Howard of Charlton Baron Howard of Effingham Baron Howard of Escrick Baron Howard of Glossop Baron Howard of Henderskelfe Baron Howard of Marnhull Baron Howard of Penrith Baron Howard of Rising Baron Howard de Walden
Cadet branches	Howards of Effingham Howards of Carlisle Howards of Suffolk Howards of Penrith Howards of Corby Castle

The House of Howard is an English noble house founded by John Howard, who was created Duke of Norfolk (third creation) by King Richard III of England in 1483. However, John was also the eldest grandson (although maternal) of the 1st Duke of the first creation. The Howards have been part of the peerage since the 15th century and remain both the Premier Dukes and Earls of the Realm in the Peerage of England, acting as Earl Marshal of England. After the English Reformation, many Howards remained steadfast in their Catholic faith as the most high-profile recusant family; two members, Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel, and William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford, are regarded as martyrs: a saint and a blessed respectively.

The senior line of the house, as well as holding the title of Duke of Norfolk, is also Earl of Arundel, Earl of Surrey and Earl of Norfolk, as well as holding six baronies. The Arundel title was inherited in 1580, when the Howards became the genealogical successors to the paternally extinct FitzAlans, ancient kin to the House of Stuart, dating back to when the family first arrived in Great Britain from Brittany (see Alan fitz Flaad).

Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, married as his first wife Mary FitzAlan, who, after the death of her brother Henry in 1556, became heiress to the Arundel estates of her father Henry FitzAlan, 19th Earl of Arundel. Her son was the above-mentioned Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel. It is from this marriage that the present Duke of Norfolk takes his surname of FitzAlan-Howard and why his seat is Arundel Castle. There have also been several notable cadet branches; those existing to this day include the Howards of Effingham, Howards of Carlisle, Howards of Suffolk and Howards of Penrith. The former three are earldoms, and the latter a barony.

Throughout much of English and later British history, the Howards have played an important role. Claiming descent from Hereward the Wake, the resister of the Norman conquest who has been much celebrated in folklore, John Howard fought to the death at the Battle of Bosworth Field in defence of the cause for the House of York. They regained favour with the new Tudor dynasty after leading a defence of England from Scottish invasion at the Battle of Flodden, and Catherine Howard subsequently became the fifth wife and Queen consort to King Henry VIII. Her uncle, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, played a significant role in Henrician politics. Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham, served as Lord Admiral of the English fleet which defeated the invading Spanish Armada.

Arundel Castle has been in the family of the Duke of Norfolk for over 400 years, and it is still the principal seat of the Norfolk family. As cultural heritage, it is a Grade I listed building. ^[1]

Origins

Background

Arundel Castle, home of the Fitzalans and later the Howards

The later Howards would claim a fanciful descent from Hereward the Wake who was of Mercian background and resisted the Norman conquest of England from his base at the Isle of Ely. Hereward subsequently became a mainstay of English folklore.

A pedigree compiled and signed by Sir William Dugdale. Norroy King of Arms of the College of Arms, and dated 8 April 1665, stated that the Howard family are descended from the Howarth [sic, Howard] family of Great Howarth Hall, Rochdale. Also that "it is clear from above seventy deeds, without date, that the Howards, Dukes of Norfolk, do derive from the Howards Howarth of Great Howarth and that William Howard of Wigenhall… was a direct decedent of Osbert Howard de Howarth" given lands in Rochdale on behalf of his service as Master of King Henry I's Buckhounds. Dugdale's account, however, has been disputed. ^[2]

Indisputable descent begins with Sir William Howard (William of Wiggenhall, died 1308), a judge who was in the House of Commons in the Model Parliament of 1295. Sir William's son, Sir John Howard, became Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk. Sir John was married to Joan de Cornwall, granddaughter of Richard of England, 1st Earl of Cornwall and King of the Romans by his illegitimate child, Sir Richard de Cornwall. ^[3]

History

Anne Boleyn, second wife of Henry VIII

Sir William's great-great-great-grandson, Sir Robert Howard, married Lady Margaret Mowbray, elder daughter of Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (1366–1399). The Mowbray line of Dukes died out in 1476 and the heiress of the last Duke, Anne Mowbray, died at the age of nine in 1481; after declaring her widower King Edward IV's son Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, illegitimate, Richard III of England created the son of Sir Robert and Lady Margaret, John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, of a new creation on 28 June 1483, the 200th anniversary of the Barony of Mowbray to which he was also senior co-heir. John had previously been summoned to Parliament as Lord Howard by Edward IV. He was also created hereditary Earl Marshal. John's son and heir, Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, was the grandfather of two English queens, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, both wives of Henry VIII.

The Howard family became one of the foremost recusant families due to their continued adherence to Roman Catholicism throughout the English Reformation and its aftermath. This meant that they often could not take their seats in the House of Lords. They are still known as the most prominent English Catholic family.

Catherine Howard, fifth wife of Henry VIII

Both the Dukedom and Earl Marshalship have been the subject of repeated attainders and restorations in the 15th to 17th centuries. Before Charles II restored the titles for good, the Howards had inherited the ancient title of Earl of Arundel through an heiress, and formed additional branches that have continued to this day.

A branch of the Howard family has been seated at Castle Howard, one of England's most magnificent country homes, for over 300 years.

In order of genealogical seniority:

• the Barons Howard of Penrith descend from a younger brother of the 12th Duke;
• the Earls of Suffolk and Berkshire descend from the 2nd son of the 4th Duke;
• the Earls of Carlisle descend from the third son of the 4th Duke;
• the Earls of Effingham descend from the fourth son of the 2nd Duke, who was Lord High Admiral and whose son was commander in chief against the Spanish Armada. (Curiously, this line was excluded from eligibility to inherit on the restoration of the Dukedom).

Howard Family Tree

Part of this section is transcluded from Dukes of Norfolk family tree. (edit | history)

Part of this section is transcluded from Duke of Norfolk. (edit | history)

The following chart is a family tree of the Dukes of Norfolk, who were members of the Plantagenet, Mowbray and Howard families.

Family tree

Eleanor of Castile 1241–1290

Edward I Longshanks King of England 1239–1307 r.1272–1307

Margaret of France 1279–1318

Edward II King of England 1284–1327 r.1307–1327

Thomas of Brotherton Earl of Norfolk 1300–1338 r.1312–1338

Alice Hayles

Edward III King of England 1312–1377 r. 1327–1377

John de Mowbray Baron Mowbray 1310–1361 r.1321–1361

John Segrave Baron Segrave 1315–1353

Margaret Css. of Norfolk ~1320–1399 r.1338–1399

Walter Manny Baron Manny ~1310–1372 r.1347–1372

Edward of Norfolk ~1320–1334

Beatrice de Mortimer ~1322-1383

Alice of Norfolk ~1324–~1352

Edward Montagu Baron Montagu ?-1361

Edmund of Langley Duke of York 1341–1402 r.1385–1402

Blanche Mowbray ~1342-1409

John de Segrave ?-bef.1353

Elizabeth Segrave 1338-1368

John Mowbray Baron Mowbray 1340–1368 r. 1361–1368

Thomas Manny 1357-1362

Anne Hastings Baroness Manny 1355–1384 r.1375–1384

John Hastings Earl of Pembroke 1347 – 1375 r.1348–1375

Richard of Conisburgh Earl of Cambridge ~1375–1415

Elizabeth le Strange ~1373–1383

Thomas de Mowbray Duke of Norfolk 1366–1399 r.1397—1399

Elizabeth Fitzalan 1366–1425

Eleanor de Mowbray bef.1361 –bef.1417

John de Welles Baron Welles 1352–1421 r.1361–1421

John de Mowbray Earl of Nottingham 1365-1383 r.1377—1383

Richard Duke of York 1411–1460 r.1425–1460

Thomas de Mowbray Earl of Norfolk 1385–1405 r.1399–1405

John de Mowbray Duke of Norfolk 1392—1432 r.1397—1399

Katherine Neville ~1400–aft.1483

Elizabeth de Mowbray

Michael de la Pole Earl of Suffolk 1394–1415 r.1415

Robert Howard of Tendring 1398–1436

Margaret de Mowbray 1391-1459

John Grey of Ruthin

Eleanor Bourchier

John Mowbray Duke of Norfolk 1415–1461 r.1432–1461

Edward Neville Baron Bergavenny bef.1414–1476 r.1447–1476

Katherine Howard 1430-1480

Catherine Moleyns ?-1465

John Howard Duke of Norfolk ~1425–1485 r.1483–1485

Margaret Chedworth 1436–1494

Edward IV King of England 1442–1483 r.1461–1470 1471–1483

Elizabeth Talbot ~1442–~1506

John de Mowbray Duke of Norfolk 1444–1476 r.1461–1476

Robert Mortimer of Landmere ?-1485

Elizabeth Howard

Anne Howard 1446–1474

Edmund Gorges of Wraxall ~1454-1512

Katherine Howard ?-1536

John Bourchier Baron Berners 1467–1533 r.1474–1533

Richard of Shrewsbury Duke of York 1473-?

Anne de Mowbray Css of Norfolk 1472–~1481

Elizabeth Tilney Css of Surrey bef.1445–1497

Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk 1443–1524 r.1514–1524

Agnes Tilney ~1477–1545

Margaret Howard 1445–1484

John Wyndham of Crownthorpe and Felbrigg 1451-1503

Jane Howard 1450-1508

Edward Howard ~1476–1513

John Howard 1482-1502

Henry ~1480- bef.1513

Richard Howard 1487-1517

Elizabeth Howard ?-1536

Katherine Broughton

William Earl of Effingham 1510–1573 r.1554–1573

Margaret Gamage 1515-1581

John Grey Viscount Lisle ?-1504

Muriel Howard ?-1512

Charles Howard 1483-1512

Thomas Howard 1511–1537

Dorothy Howard ~1511-1580

Anne Howard ~1518-1558

John de Vere Earl of Oxford 1499–1526 r.1513–1526

Earls of Effingham

Anne of York 1475–1511

Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk 1473–1554

Elizabeth Stafford 1497–1558

Edmund Howard  1478–1539

Joyce Culpeper ~1480–~1528

Elizabeth Howard ~1480–1538

Thomas Boleyn Earl of Wiltshire 1477–1539 r.1529–1539

Elizabeth Marney ?-1517

Catherine Howard 1518/1524 –1542

Henry VIII King of England 1491–1547 r.1509–1547

Anne Boleyn 1501/1507 –1536

Gertrude Lyte

Thomas Viscount of Bindon 1520–1582 r.1559–1582

Mabel Burton

Henry Howard Earl of Surrey 1516/1517– 1547

Frances de Vere 1517–1577

Henry Duke of Richmond and Somerset 1519–1536

Mary Howard 1519–1557

Henry Howard Earl of Northampton 1540–1614 r.1604–1614

Jane Howard 1533/37 –1593

Charles Neville Earl of Westmorland 1542–1601 r.1564–1571

Margaret Howard 1543-1591

Henry Scrope Baron Scrope of Bolton 1534–1592 r.1549–1592

Katherine Howard 1538-1596

Henry Berkeley Baron Berkeley 1534–1613

Robert Sackville Earl of Dorset 1561–1609 r.1608–1609

Mary FitzAlan 1540–1557

Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk 1536–1572 r.1554–1572

Margaret Audley 1540–1564

Elizabeth Leyburne 1536–1567

Thomas Dacre Baron Dacre 1527–1566 r. 1563–1566

Margaret Sackville 1562–1591

Elizabeth Howard 1559-1591

Philip Howard Earl of Arundel 1557–1595 r.1580–1595

Anne Dacre 1557–1630

Mary Dacre 1563-1578

Thomas Howard Earl of Suffolk 1561–1626 r.1603–1626

Catherine Howard 1564–1638

William Howard 1563–1640

Elizabeth Dacre 1564-1639

Thomas Howard Earl of Arundel 1586–1646 r.1604–1646

Alethea Talbot 1585–1654

James Howard Baron Maltravers 1607–1624

Henry Howard Earl of Arundel 1608–1652 1646–1652

Elizabeth Stuart 1610-1673

Anne Howard 1612–1658

William Howard Viscount Stafford 1614–1680

Mary Stafford 1616-1692

Philip Howard 1629–1694

Anne Howard 1632–?

Catherine Howard 1634–1655

Talbot Howard 1636–?

Edward Howard 1637–1691

Anne Wilbraham ~1655-?

Francis Howard 1640–1683

Elizabeth Howard 1651–1705

Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk 1627–1677 r.1660–1677

Anne Somerset 1631-1662

Henry Howard Duke of Norfolk 1628–1684 r.1677–1684

Jane Bickerton 1643-1693

Charles Howard of Greystoke 1630–1713

Mary Tattershall ?-1695

Bernard Howard of Glossop 1641–1717

Catherine Tattershall ?-1727

Mary Mordaunt 1659–1705

Henry Howard Duke of Norfolk 1655–1701 r.1684–1701

Thomas Howard of Worksop 1662-1689

Mary Elizabeth Savile ~1663-1732

Henry Howard of Greystoke ~1668–1720

Mary Aylward ~1670–1747

Bernard Howard II of Glossop 1674-1735

Anne Roper ?-1744

Maria Shireburn ~1693-1754

Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk 1683–1732 r.1701–1732

Walter Aston Lord of Forfar 1660–1748

Mary Howard ?-1723

Charles Howard Duke of Norfolk 1720–1786 r.1777–1786

Catherine Brockholes bef.1724–1784

Henry Howard of Glossop 1713-1787

Juliana Molyneux ?-1808

Mary Blount 1712–1773

Edward Howard Duke of Norfolk 1686–1777 r.1732–1777

Philip Howard ~1687-1750

Marion Coppinger ?-1768

Charles Howard Duke of Norfolk 1746–1815 r.1786–1815

Frances Scudamore ~1750-1820

Elizabeth Maycock ?-1811

Edward Charles Howard 1774-1816

Elizabeth Belasyse 1770–1819

Bernard Howard Duke of Norfolk 1765–1842 r.1815–1842

Anne Howard 1742–1787

Robert Petre Baron Petre 1742–1801 r.1742–1801

Juliana Barbara Howard 1769-1833

Mary Bridget 1767-1843

Henry Thomas 1766-1842

Elizabeth Long

Henry Howard Duke of Norfolk 1791–1856 r.1842 – 1856

Charlotte Leveson -Gower 1788–1870

Robert Petre Baron Petre 1763–1809 r.1801–1809

Bernard Thomas Fitzalan -Howard 1825–1846

Mary Charlotte Howard 1822–1897

Thomas Foley Baron Foley 1808–1869 r.1833–1869

Winifred Mary De Lisle ?-1909

Edward Fitzalan-H. Baron of Glossop 1818–1883 r.1869–1883

Augusta Talbot ?-1862

George Manners 1820–1874

Adeliza Fitzalan -Howard ?-1904

Henry Fitzalan -Howard Duke of Norfolk 1815–1860 r.1856–1860

Augusta Lyons 1821–1886

Charles Rawdon-H. Earl of Loudoun 1855–1920 r.1874–1920

Alice Elizabeth Fitzalan-H. 1856-1915

Constance Mary Germana Fitzalan-H. ?-1933

Charles Lennox Tredcroft 1832-1917

Charles Bernard Talbot Fitzalan-H. 1852–1861

Minna Charlotte Fitzalan-H. 1843-1921

Victoria Alexandrina Fitzalan-H. 1840-1870

James Hope -Scott 1812–1873

Mary Adeliza Fitzalan-H. 1845-1925

William Middleton

Winifrede Mary Fitzalan-H. ?-1937

Gwendolen Mary Anne Fitzalan-H. 1854–1932

John Crichton-S. Marquess of Bute 1847–1900 r.1848–1900

Elizabeth Mary Fitzalan-H. 1859-1859

Etheldreda Fitzalan-H. 1849-1926

Philippa Fitzalan-H. 1852–1946

Edward Stewart 1857-1948

Philip Thomas Fitzalan-H. 1853-1855

Hyacinthe Scott-Kerr 1865-1930

Francis Edward Fitzalan-H. Baron of Glossop 1859–1924

Clara Louisa Greenwood 1852-1887

Angela Mary Charlotte Fitzalan-H. ?-1919

Marmaduke Constable-M. Lord Herries of Terregles 1837–1908 r.1876–1908

Anne Fitzalan-H. 1857-1931

Ralph Drury Kerr 1837–1916

Margaret Fitzalan-H. 1860-1899

George Greaves 1889-1953

Frances Alice Fitzalan-H. 1892-?

Gwendolen Constable-M. 1877–1945

Henry Fitzalan-H. Duke of Norfolk 1847–1917 r.1860–1917

Flora Abney -Hastings 1854–1887

Edmund Vcte. FitzAlan of Derwent 1855–1947 r.1921–1947

Mary Bertie 1859–1938

Gladys Norton

Philip Granville James Fitzalan-H. 1895-1918

Bernard Fitzalan-H. Baron of Glossop 1885–1972

Mona Stapleton Baroness Beaumont 1894–1971

Muriel Augusta Mary Fitzalan-H. 1884-1962

Colin Keppel Davidson 1895-1943

Rachel Pepys 1905–1992

Anthony Hilton Pepys

Philip Joseph Earl of Surrey 1879–1902

Michael Fitzalan-H. 1916-2007

Mariegold Magdalane Fitzalan-H. 1919-2006

Gerald James Jamieson ?-1992

Martin Fitzalan-H. 1922-2003

Bridget Anne Keppel 1925-2011

Winifred Alice Fitzalan-H. 1914–2006

John Edward Broke Freeman

Katherine Mary Fitzalan-H. 1912–2000

Joseph Anthony Moore Phillips 1914-1990

Theodore Bernard Peregrine Hubbard 1923-2012

Miriam Fitzalan-H. 1924-1996

Miranda Fitzalan-H. 1927-

Christopher Anthony Emmett 1925-?

Bernard Fitzalan-H. Duke of Norfolk 1908–1975 r.1917–1975

Lavinia Strutt 1916–1995

Bernard Noel Kelly 1930-

Mirabel Fitzalan-H. 1931-2008

Colin Cowdrey Baron of Tonbridge 1932–2000

Anne Lady Herries of Terregles 1938–2014 r.1975–2014

Mary Lady Herries of Terregles 1940–2017 r.2014–2017

Anthony Mumford 1936–2006

Anne Constable -Maxwell 1927–2013

Miles Fitzalan-H. Duke of Norfolk 1915-2002 r.1975–2002

Mark Fitzalan-H. 1934-

Jacynth Lindsay 1934-

Nigel Clutton

Sarah Margaret Fitzalan-H. 1941–2015

Theresa Lady Herries of Terregles 1945- r.2017-

Michael Ancram Marquess of Lothian 1945-

Tessa Mary Isabel Fitzalan-H. 1950-

Roderick Balfour Earl of Balfour 1948- r.2003-

Carina Mary Gabrielle Fitzalan-H. 1952-

David Frost 1939–2013

Patrick Ryecart 1952-

Marcia Mary Josephine Fitzalan-H. 1953-

Nick George

Edward Fitzalan-H. Duke of Norfolk 1956- r.2002–

Georgina Susan Gore 1962-

Gerald Bernard Fitzalan-H. 1962-

Emma Roberts

Henry Miles Fitzalan -Howard Earl of Arundel 1987-

Rachel Fitzalan -Howard 1989-

Thomas Fitzalan -Howard 1992-

Isabel Fitzalan -Howard 1994-

Philip Fitzalan -Howard 1996-

Image

Errors :

• Edward II was the issue of Edward I's first marriage to Eleanor of Castile, (1241-1290), not of his second marriage to Marguerite of France.
• There is no hard evidence that Richard, Duke of York, who was married as a child to Ann Mowbray, died in 1483.
• Frances de Vere, Countess of Surrey, wife of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, was daughter of the 15th Earl of Oxford and Elizabeth Trussell, not the 14th Earl of Oxford and Anne Howard.
• Robert Petre, 10th Baron Petre's mother wasn't Juliana Howard (1769-1833), the daughter of Henry Howard of Glossop (1713-1787). His mother was Anne Howard (1742–1787), a daughter of Philip Howard (~1687-1750) of Buckenham Tofts in Norfolk and the great-granddaughter of Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk (1628-1684).

Below is a clickable family tree of the Howard family:

Arms of the Howard Family

See: Gallery of Howard Arms

The Howard family's original arms were the white bend on red with the crosslets. On marrying the heiress of the dukes of Norfolk, the first Howard duke of Norfolk quartered his arms with those of Thomas of Brotherton 1st Earl of Norfolk, son of King Edward I Longshanks as well as the Mowbray arms. Starting with the 2nd Duke of Norfolk, the Howards added in the 3rd quarter the checkered blue and gold of the Warren Earls of Surrey, whom they became heirs of. Philip Howard was deprived of the dukedom of Norfolk, which was under attainer, but inherited the earldom of Arundel. His descendants used the gold lion on red of the Fitzalan Earls of Arundel in the 4th quarter.

• 
  Howard Arms unaugmented (pre-1513)
• 
  Arms of Thomas of Brotherton (1300 † 1338), Earl of Norfolk, son of Edward I Longshanks, from whom all the Dukes of Norfolk are descended.Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale or armed and langued azure a label of three points argent.
• 
  Arms of John Howard, 1st Howard Duke of Norfolk, showing the unaugmented Howard Arms (I & IV), quartering the arms of Thomas of Brotherton (II) and the arms of Mowbray (III): Gules, a lion rampant argent.
• 
  Arms of Mowbray
• 
  The coat of arms used by the Howard Family. The Scots shield is an augmentation, see below. ^[4] Gules, on a bend between six cross-crosslets fitchy argent an escutcheon or charged with a demi-lion rampant pierced through the mouth by an arrow within a double tressure flory counterflory of the first.
• 
  Augmentation to the arms of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk for his services at the Battle of Flodden (1513).
• 
  Arms of the Warrenne Family, Earls of Surrey.
• 
  Coat of arms of the Howard Dukes of Norfolk, starting with Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk.Quarterly of 4: 1: Howard, with augmentation of honour; 2: Plantagenet, arms of Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk; 3: Chequy or and azure (de Warenne, Earl of Surrey); 4: Mowbray
• 
  Confirmation of arms, crest and supporters, dated 28 May 1580, by Robert Cooke, Clarenceux to Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel, omitting Howard arms and quarterings as the Dukedom of Norfolk was under attainder.
• 
  Coat of arms of the Howard Dukes of Norfolk Quarterly of 4: 1: Howard, with augmentation of honour; 2: Plantagenet, arms of Thomas of Brotherton; 3: de Warenne; 4: Gules a Lion rampant Or, Armed and Langued Azure (Fitzalan)
• 
  FitzAlan, Earls of Arundel.
• 
  Arms of the arms of Henry Howard, Earle of Surrey, for which he was attainted. The main offense was bearing the undifferenced arms of England (2nd quarter), which only the monarch was allowed. Surrey was beheaded on 19 January 1547 on a charge of treasonably quartering the royal arms.
• 
  Coat of arms of Howard Earls of Suffolk.
• 
  Coat of arms of Howard Earl of Carlisle

Earl Marshal is a hereditary royal officeholder and chivalric title under the sovereign of the United Kingdom used in England (then, following the Act of Union 1800, in the United Kingdom). It is the eighth of the Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord High Constable and above the Lord High Admiral. The Earl Marshal has responsibility for the organisation of State funerals and the monarch's coronation in Westminster Abbey. ^[5] He is also a leading officer of arms. The office is hereditary in the Howard Family in their position as Dukes of Norfolk, the senior dukedom in the United Kingdom.

Coat of arms of the Duke of Norfolk

Adopted 1660 (by the 5th Duke of Norfolk) Coronet A Coronet of a Duke Crest 1st: Issuant from a Ducal Coronet Or a pair of Wings Gules each charged with a Bend between six Cross-crosslets fitchy Argent (Howard); 2nd: On a Chapeau Gules turned up Ermine a Lion statant gardant with tail extended Or gorged with a Ducal Coronet Argent (Thomas of Brotherton); 3rd: On a Mount Vert a Horse passant Argent holding in the mouth a Slip of Oak Vert fructed proper (Fitzalan). Escutcheon Quarterly, 1st: Gules on a Bend between six Cross-crosslets fitchy Argent an Escutcheon Or charged with a Demi-lion rampant pierced through the mouth by an arrow within a Double Tressure flory counterflory of the first (Howard); 2nd: Gules three Lions passant gardant in pale Or, Armed and Langued Azure, in chief a Label of three points Argent (Plantagenet of Norfolk); 3rd: Checky Or and Azure (Warenne); 4th: Gules a Lion rampant Or, Armed and Langued Azure (Fitzalan). Supporters Dexter a Lion, sinister a Horse both Argent the latter holding in the mouth a Slip of Oak Vert fructed proper. Motto Sola Virtus Invicta (Latin for "Virtue alone is unconquered"). Orders Often, the coat of arms of the Duke of Norfolk appears with the Garter circlet of the Order of the Garter surrounding the shield, as seen in the arms of the 17th Duke of Norfolk. However, this is not hereditary; the 17th Duke did not become a Knight of the Garter until 22 April 1983. The 18th Duke of Norfolk, as of 2017, had not been appointed to the Order of the Garter. Other elements Placed behind the shield are two gold batons in saltire enamelled at the ends in black, which represent the Duke of Norfolk's office as Earl Marshal and Hereditary Marshal of England. Symbolism The shield on the bend in the first quarter of the arms was granted as an augmentation of honour by Henry VIII to the 2nd Duke of Norfolk, to commemorate his victory at the Battle of Flodden. It is a modification of the Royal coat of arms of Scotland. Instead of its normal rampant position, the lion is shown cut in half with an arrow through its mouth, commemorating the death of King James IV at the battle. [6] .

Titles

Title	Grandee	Created	Extinct	Notes
Duke of Norfolk	[[		28 June 1483
Earl of Arundel	[[			Subsidiary to the Duke of Norfolk since 1660
Earl of Surrey	[[			Subsidiary to the Duke of Norfolk since 1660
Baron Howard de Walden	Admiral Lord Thomas Howard	1597		Created by writ of summons. Has passed through many families.
Baron Howard of Escrick	Edward Howard	12 April 1628	29 April 1715
Earl of Carlisle (1661 creation)	Charles Howard	20 April 1661		1st Earl also created Viscount Howard by Oliver Cromwell, which passed into oblivion upon the Restoration.
Earl of Bindon	Henry Howard	30 January 1706	8 February 1722	Held with the Earl of Suffolk from 1709–1722
Earl of Effingham	[[	27 January 1837		Previously 1731–1816
Baron Howard of Glossop	Lord Edward George Fitzalan Howard	26 November 1869		Subsidiary to Dukedom of Norfolk since 1975.
Baron Lanerton	Admiral The Honourable Edward Granville George Howard	1 January 1874	8 October 1880
Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent	Lord Edmund Bernard Talbot née FitzAlan-Howard	28 April 1921	17 May 1962
Baron Howard of Penrith	Esmé William Howard	10 July 1930
Baron Howard of Henderskelfe	Major George Anthony Geoffrey Howard, JP	1 July 1983	27 November 1984	Life Peerage
Baron Howard of Rising	Greville Patrick Charles Howard	4 June 2004		Life Peerage

• Earl of Suffolk (1603 creation)
• Earl of Berkshire (1626 creation)
• Earl of Effingham
• Earl of Norfolk
• Baron Stafford (1640 creation)

Bibliography

• William Dugdale, Baronage of England (London, 1675–76);
• Collins, Peerage of England (fifth edition, London, 1779);
• Henry Howard, Memorials of the Howard Family (privately printed, 1834);
• Edmund Lodge, Portraits of Illustrious Personages (London, 1835); The Howard Papers, with a Biographical Pedigree and Criticism by Canston (London, 1862);
• Yeatman, The Early Genealogical History of the House of Arundel (London, 1882);
• Doyle, Official Baronage of England (London, 1886);
• Brenan and Statham, The House of Howard (London, 1907).

References

1. Historic England. "Arundel Castle (1027926)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 2 December 2007.
2. "Dugdale's 1665 Pedigree of the Howarths of Great Howarth". Archived from the original on 30 January 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
3. Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, pg 232–33.
4. Rietstap, Johannes Baptist (2003). Armorial general. vol.2. Genealogical Publishing Co. ISBN   0806348119.
5. "The history of the Royal heralds and the College of Arms". The College of Arms website. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
6. Brooke-Little, J.P., FSA (1978) [1950]. Boutell's Heraldry (Revised ed.). London: Frederick Warne LTD. p. 125. ISBN   0-7232-2096-4.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to House of Howard .

• European Heraldry page
• http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/HOWARD1.htm ^{[ unreliable source? ]}