| Iris proantha | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Iridaceae |
| Genus: | Iris |
| Subgenus: | Iris subg. Limniris |
| Section: | Iris sect. Limniris |
| Series: | Iris ser. Chinenses |
| Species: | I. proantha |
| Binomial name | |
| Iris proantha | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Iris proantha is a beardless iris in the genus Iris , in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Chinenses of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial.
Iris proantha has long, brown, slender rhizome that has many branches or stolons, that help it spread into large clumps. [2] [3] [4] The rhizomes are surrounded by several rigid fibres which are the remnants from previous seasons flowers. [3] [4] Under the rhizome, are secondary roots which grow into the soil, looking for nutrients. These roots have small nodules on them. [4] These are used to fix nitrogen, from the soil. [5]
It has yellow-green, linear (grass-like), which measure between 5–27 cm (2–11 in) long and 0.1–0.7 cm (0–0 in) wide. [2] [4] [6] They then elongate after flowering, growing up to 40–55 cm (16–22 in) long. [2] [3] [5] They have 1 – 2 veins. [2] [3] [5]
It has a short flowering stem of between 5–28 cm (2–11 in) tall. [2] [5] [7]
It has one terminal (at the top of the stem) flower, between March and April. [2] [3] [5] It has 2 green, lanceolate (lance-like), 3.5–5.5 cm (1–2 in) long and 0.6 cm (0 in) wide, spathes (leaves of the flower bud). [2] [6] [5]
The flowers come in a range of blue shades, from purple, to pale violet, to blue, to white and pale pink. [3] [8] [7] They are between 3.5–5 cm (1–2 in) in diameter. [3] [6] [5]
It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'. [9] The falls are obovate (egg-shaped), 1–1.2 cm (0–0 in) long and 2.5 cm (1 in) wide, with a horseshoe shaped mark (in a darker colour) surrounding a paler signal area and a yellow crest. [2] [3] [8] The standards are the same colour as the falls, erect, oblanceolate, 2.2–2.5 cm (1–1 in) long and 0.7 cm (0 in) wide. [2] [3] [5]
It has a 6–10 mm long pedicel, 2.5–3.5 cm long perianth tube, white, 1 cm long stamens and green, cylindrical, 4–5 mm long ovary. [2] [3] [5] It has 1.8 cm long and 4 mm wide style branch, which are the same colour as the petals. [2] [3]
After the iris has flowered, between May and July, it produces a globose (spherical), seed capsule, about 1.2–1.5 cm in diameter. The top of the capsule has a short beak. [2] [3]
As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes. This can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. [9] It has a chromosome count: 2n=50, [6] and 2n=44, Mao & Xue, 1986. [8]
It is written as 小鸢尾 in Chinese script and known as xiao yuan wei in China. [2] [10] [3]
It has the common name in (China) of 'small iris'. [10] [3]
It was first published and described by Freidrich Diels in the 'Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift Utgifven af Svenska Botaniska Foreningen' (of Stockholm) Issue xviii, p427 in 1924. [11] It was found in Kiangsu (now known as Jiangsu) and Ankwei (now known as Anhui) of China. [8] In his original description, Diels noted that it had no appendages on the outer perianth lobes, this meant the iris is part of the Apogon Section of the Limniris subgenus. But he was mistaken and the plant does have an appendage. It was found that Diels had made his description due to a pressed specimen. [3]
In 1989, Iris pseudorossii (before it was found to be a synonym of Iris proantha), was found in Baishui, past Nga-ba village. [12]
It is mentioned in the RHS journal, 'New Plantsman' (in 2000). [13]
It was later verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003. [10]
Iris proantha is native to temperate areas of Asia. [10]
It is found on the east coast areas of China and near Shanghai. [5] [7] Within the provinces of Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. [2] [10] [3]
Iris proantha and Iris speculatrix can be found in Hangzhou Botanical Garden and in Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve, close to Hangzhou in Zhejiang Province. [14] Also in 2012, the plants of Iris proantha are listed in the Hangzhou West Lake Area in Zhejiang Province. [15]
It has also been recorded as being found in India. [16] In 2007, it was found in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh by Bhaumik and Pathak. [16]
Iris proantha is not cultivated in Europe. [5]
It grows beside forest edges, (within) forests, meadows (and grasslands), [6] beside roadsides and on hillsides. [2] [3]
A known named variant is Iris proantha var. valida. [17]
It was published and described by Y.T. Zhao (based on an earlier description by S.S. Chien), in 'Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica' [Chih su fen lei hsüeh pao.] (from Beijing) Vol.20 on Page 100 in 1982. [18] It was originally published as Iris pseudorossii by S.S. Chien in Biol Lab China Association Advancem Science Sect Botany Vol.6 Issue 74 in 1931. [19]
It is written as 粗壮小鸢尾 in Chinese script and known as cu zhuang xiao yuan wei in China. [19]
It is described having leaves measuring 27 cm (11 in) by 0.7 cm (0 in) at bloomingtime. It later extends up to 55 cm (22 in). It has flowering stems 20–28 cm (8–11 in) long. It has flowers that are 5 cm in diameter. It can be found growing in forests, open fields and beside roadsides of Zhejiang, China. [19]
Iris milesii is a plant species in the genus Iris, subgenus Limniris and in the section Lophiris. It is a rhizomatous, beardless perennial plant, native to the Himalayas, India and China. It has pinkish-violet, or pinkish purple, or pinkish-lavender or pinkish lilac flowers, with a fringed yellow or orange crest. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.
Iris minutoaurea is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Chinenses of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial of eastern Asia, native to China and Korea. It has been naturalized in Japan. It has long grassy-like leaves, short stem and bright yellow or pale yellow flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.
Iris rossii, the long-tail iris, is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Chinenses of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial from Japan, Korea and China. It has narrow, grass-like leaves, short stems and 1 or 2 purple-violet flowers.
Iris speculatrix is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Chinenses of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from Asia, found in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. It has dark green, evergreen leaves, long slender stem and flowers in various blue shades, from violet, lilac, lavender, to light blue.
Iris anguifuga is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from China. It has narrow green leaves, long stem and violet or blue flowers.
Iris bungei is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from Mongolia, Tibet and China. It has green leaves, short stem and 2 violet, purple, lavender or blue flowers.
Iris cathayensis is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from China. It has grey-green leaves, short stems and violet flowers.
Iris kobayashii is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from China. It has slightly twisted leaves, short stems and 1 to 2 purple or blue and yellow flowers.
Iris qinghainica is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from China. It has grey green leaves, a very short stem and 1–2 blue or violet flowers.
Iris songarica is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from Central Asia, located in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It has long strap-like leaves, a long stem and 2–3 flowers in shades of violet, dark blue, to lavender blue.
Iris ventricosa is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from Asia and the Russian Federation, to Mongolia and China. It has grey-green leaves, short flowers stems and 1–2 pale violet or pale blue flowers.
Iris farreri is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from China. It has grey-green leaves, long stem and 1 or 2 violet, lilac or light blue flowers. It has undergone several changes of name and series, before being left as Iris farreri.
Iris latistyla is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the section 'Lophiris section, although it was thought to be listed within Iris subg. Nepalensis in some sources. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Tibet and China, with violet or blue-purple flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.
Iris subdichotoma is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the section Lophiris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Tibet and China, with pale blue, blue-purple, purple, violet or white flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.
Iris curvifolia is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris, and in the Psammiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China. It has sickle-shaped long leaves, short stem and yellow or bright yellow flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.
Iris mandshurica is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Psammiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, it is found in Russia, China, and Korea. It has green sword-like leaves, smooth green stem and yellow flowers, with yellow-purple veining and a yellow beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.
Iris goniocarpa is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China, India, Burma and Bhutan. It has yellow green to dark green, long leaves, slender stem and, one flower between blue, lavender-blue, lilac, blue-violet or blue-purple. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.
Iris leptophylla is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China. It has thin, long grey-green leaves, long slender stem and 2 fragrant purple, blue-purple, violet or lavender pink flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.
Iris narcissiflora is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China. It has pale green, thin, sword-shaped leaves, medium-long slender stem and 1 yellow flower. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.
Iris psammocola is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China. It has grass-like leaves, short stems, yellow flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.
Data related to Iris proantha at Wikispecies