Jarrow (UK Parliament constituency)

Jarrow
Borough constituency for the House of Commons
Boundary of Jarrow in Tyne and Wear
Location of Tyne and Wear within England
County	Tyne and Wear
Electorate	83,260 (2011) [1]
Major settlements	Jarrow and Boldon
Current constituency
Created	1885
Member of Parliament	Kate Osborne (Labour)
Seats	One
Created from	South Durham
Replaced by	Jarrow and Gateshead East

Jarrow is a constituency ^{[n 1]} represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2019 by Kate Osborne of the Labour Party. ^{[n 2]}

The seat was created in the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 . ^[2]

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat will be subject to boundary changes, gaining the Borough of Gateshead wards of Felling, and Windy Nook and Whitehills from Gateshead (to be renamed Gateshead Central and Whickham) and losing the Cleadon and East Boldon ward to South Shields. Accordingly, it will be renamed Jarrow and Gateshead East, to be first contested at the next general election. ^[3]

Boundaries

1885–1918

• The Sessional Division of South Shields;
• the Municipal Boroughs of Jarrow and South Shields; and
• so much of the Parish of Heworth as is not included in the Municipal Borough of Gateshead. ^[2]

NB included only non-resident freeholders in the parliamentary borough of South Shields.

The constituency was created for the 1885 general election by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 as one of eight new single-member divisions of the county of Durham, replacing the two 2-member seats of North Durham and South Durham. See map on Vision of Britain website. ^[4]

1918–1950

• The Borough of Jarrow; and
• the Urban Districts of Felling and Hebburn. ^[5]

Areas to the south and east transferred to the expanded constituencies of South Shields and Houghton-le-Spring (the Boldons).

1950–1955

• The Borough of Jarrow; and
• the Urban Districts of Boldon, Felling, and Hebburn. ^[6]

Regained the Boldons from Houghton-le-Spring.

1955–1983

• The Borough of Jarrow; and
• the Urban Districts of Boldon and Hebburn.

Felling transferred to Gateshead East. Redesignated as a borough constituency. ^[7]

1983–1997

• The Metropolitan Borough of South Tyneside wards of Bede, Biddick Hall, Boldon Colliery, Cleadon and East Boldon, Fellgate and Hedworth, Hebburn Quay, Hebburn South, Monkton, Primrose, and Whitburn and Marsden. ^[8]

Minor changes to take account of ward boundaries of the newly formed metropolitan borough, including the transfer of Biddick Hall from South Shields.

1997–2010

• The Metropolitan Borough of South Tyneside wards of Bede, Boldon Colliery, Cleadon and East Boldon, Fellgate and Hedworth, Hebburn Quay, Hebburn South, Monkton, Primrose, and Whitburn and Marsden; and
• the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead ward of Wrekendyke. ^[9]

Biddick Hall returned to South Shields; Wrekendyke transferred from the abolished constituency of Gateshead East.

2010–present

Map of present boundaries

• The Metropolitan Borough of South Tyneside wards of Bede, Boldon Colliery, Cleadon and East Boldon, Fellgate and Hedworth, Hebburn North, Hebburn South, Monkton, and Primrose; and
• the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead wards of Pelaw and Heworth, and Wardley and Leam Lane. ^[10]

Boundary changes for the 2010 general election transferred the community of Whitburn into the neighbouring South Shields seat. Pelaw and Heworth transferred from the abolished constituency of Gateshead East and Washington West. (The Wrekendyke ward had been renamed Wardley and Leam Lane).

Constituency profile

The constituency currently consists of part of the metropolitan district of South Tyneside, including the settlements of Jarrow, Boldon, Cleadon and Hebburn, as well as two wards from the adjacent Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead, covering Pelaw and Wardley. ^[11]

In 2005 The Guardian described Jarrow as:

'[A] former shipbuilding town south of Newcastle famous for its march against unemployment in the 1930s.'

Political history

The last Liberal to serve the seat lost his seat at the 1922 general election and the last Conservative to serve the seat held it from 1931 to 1935, since which it has been served by MPs from the Labour Party.

Since 1935, just five people have served as MP for Jarrow; the first, Ellen Wilkinson, served as Labour's first Minister of Education during the first Attlee government. While the seat has been loyally Labour by comfortable margins since 1935, it has seen unusual swings a number of times; in the 1983 Conservative landslide, incumbent MP Don Dixon actually increased his majority; in the close 1992 election his majority fell somewhat despite the general swing to Labour; and in 2001 his successor Stephen Hepburn managed to increase his majority to 51.1% (incidentally the biggest any candidate has ever held in the seat).

Members of Parliament

Election		Member [12]	Party
	1885	Charles Palmer	Liberal
	1907 by-election	Pete Curran	Labour
	Jan 1910	Godfrey Mark Palmer	Liberal
	1922	Robert John Wilson	Labour
	1931	William Pearson	Conservative
	1935	Ellen Wilkinson	Labour
	1947 by-election	Ernest Fernyhough	Labour
	1979	Don Dixon	Labour
	1997	Stephen Hepburn	Labour
	2019		Independent
	2019	Kate Osborne	Labour

Elections

Elections in the 2010s

General election 2019: Jarrow ^[13]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Kate Osborne	18,363	45.1	–20.0
	Conservative	Nick Oliver	11,243	27.6	+2.6
	Brexit Party	Richard Monaghan	4,122	10.1	+10.1
	Independent	John Robertson	2,991	7.3	+7.3
	Liberal Democrats	David Wilkinson	2,360	5.8	+3.1
	Green	James Milne	831	2.0	+0.3
	Independent	Shaun Sadler	614	1.5	+1.5
	SDP	Mark Conway	212	0.5	+0.5
Majority			7,120	17.5	-22.6
Turnout			40,736	62.6	–3.8
	Labour hold		Swing	–11.3

This was the only seat in England at the 2019 general election where five candidates saved their deposit by securing over 5% of the vote.

General election 2017: Jarrow ^[14]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Stephen Hepburn	28,020	65.1	+9.4
	Conservative	Robin Gwynn	10,757	25.0	+7.9
	UKIP	James Askwith	2,338	5.4	−14.3
	Liberal Democrats	Peter Maughan	1,163	2.7	−0.5
	Green	David Herbert	745	1.7	–1.7
Majority			17,263	40.1	+4.1
Turnout			43,023	66.4	+6.0
	Labour hold		Swing	+0.8

General election 2015: Jarrow ^[15]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Stephen Hepburn	21,464	55.7	+1.8
	UKIP	Steve Harrison [16]	7,583	19.7	New
	Conservative	Nick Mason	6,584	17.1	–3.5
	Green	David Herbert	1,310	3.4	New
	Liberal Democrats	Stan Collins	1,238	3.2	–15.3
	TUSC	Norman Hall [17]	385	1.0	New
Majority			13,881	36.0	+2.7
Turnout			38,564	60.4	+0.1
	Labour hold		Swing	–9.0

General election 2010: Jarrow ^[18]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Stephen Hepburn	20,910	53.9	−4.9
	Conservative	Jeff Milburn	8,002	20.6	+7.8
	Liberal Democrats	Tom Appleby	7,163	18.5	−4.0
	BNP	Andy Swaddle	2,709	7.0	New
Majority			12,908	33.3
Turnout			38,784	60.3	+5.5
	Labour hold		Swing	−6.4

Elections in the 2000s

General election 2005: Jarrow ^[19]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Stephen Hepburn	20,554	60.5	−5.6
	Liberal Democrats	Bill Schardt	6,650	19.6	+4.6
	Conservative	Linkson A.S. Jack	4,807	14.1	−0.6
	UKIP	Alan Badger	1,567	4.6	+2.5
	Safeguard the National Health Service	Roger Nettleship	400	1.2	New
Majority			13,904	40.9	-10.2
Turnout			33,978	55.0	−0.1
	Labour hold		Swing	−5.1

General election 2001: Jarrow ^[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Stephen Hepburn	22,777	66.1	+1.2
	Liberal Democrats	James Selby	5,182	15.0	+3.9
	Conservative	Donald Wood	5,056	14.7	−0.2
	UKIP	Alan Badger	716	2.1	New
	Independent	Alan J. Le Blond	391	1.1	New
	Socialist (GB)	John Bissett	357	1.0	0.0
Majority			17,595	51.1	+1.1
Turnout			34,479	55.1	−13.6
	Labour hold		Swing

Elections in the 1990s

General election 1997: Jarrow ^[21]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Stephen Hepburn	28,497	64.9	+2.8
	Conservative	Mark C. Allatt	6,564	14.9	−8.8
	Liberal Democrats	Tim N. Stone	4,865	11.1	−3.1
	Independent Labour	Alan J. Le Blond	2,538	5.8	New
	Referendum	Peter W. Mailer	1,034	2.4	New
	Socialist (GB)	John Bissett	444	1.0	New
Majority			21,933	50.0	+11.6
Turnout			43,942	68.7	-5.7
	Labour hold		Swing

General election 1992: Jarrow ^{[22] [23]}

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Don Dixon	28,956	62.1	−1.3
	Conservative	Terence F. Ward	11,049	23.7	+0.5
	Liberal Democrats	Keith Orrell	6,608	14.2	+0.9
Majority			17,907	38.4	−1.8
Turnout			46,613	74.4	0.0
	Labour hold		Swing	−0.9

Elections in the 1980s

General election 1987: Jarrow ^[24]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Don Dixon	29,651	63.4	+7.9
	Conservative	Paul Yeoman	10,856	23.2	−1.6
	Liberal	Peter Freitag	6,230	13.3	−6.7
Majority			18,795	40.2	+9.7
Turnout			46,737	74.4	+3.0
	Labour hold		Swing

General election 1983: Jarrow ^[25]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Don Dixon	25,151	55.3	-0.5
	Conservative	Sonia Copland	11,274	24.8	-4.3
	Liberal	John A. Lennox	9,094	20.0	+10.9
Majority			13,877	30.5	+3.8
Turnout			45,519	71.4	-6.1
	Labour hold		Swing

Elections in the 1970s

General election 1979: Jarrow

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Don Dixon	24,057	55.8	−7.0
	Conservative	D. Auld	12,529	29.1	+6.8
	Liberal	A. McDonnell	3,907	9.1	−5.8
	Independent Labour	H. Downey	2,247	5.2	New
	Independent	N. Brown	374	0.9	New
Majority			11,528	26.7	-13.8
Turnout			43,114	77.5	+6.1
	Labour hold		Swing

General election October 1974: Jarrow

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Ernest Fernyhough	24,558	62.8	−3.9
	Conservative	B. Bolam	8,707	22.3	−10.0
	Liberal	L. Ormston	5,818	14.9	New
Majority			15,851	40.5	+7.1
Turnout			39,083	71.4	-15.4
	Labour hold		Swing

General election February 1974: Jarrow

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Ernest Fernyhough	27,740	66.7	+3.2
	Conservative	B. Bolam	13,848	33.3	-3.2
Majority			13,892	33.4	+6.4
Turnout			41,588	86.8	+12.4
	Labour hold		Swing

General election 1970: Jarrow ^[26]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Ernest Fernyhough	25,861	63.5	-4.1
	Conservative	Derrick Robson	14,847	36.5	+4.1
Majority			11,014	27.0	-8.2
Turnout			40,708	74.4	-2.3
	Labour hold		Swing

Elections in the 1960s

General election 1966: Jarrow ^[27]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Ernest Fernyhough	26,006	67.6	+3.4
	Conservative	Derrick Robson	12,449	32.4	-3.4
Majority			13,557	35.2	+6.8
Turnout			38,455	76.7	-3.3
	Labour hold		Swing

General election 1964: Jarrow ^[28]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Ernest Fernyhough	26,053	64.2	+1.5
	Conservative	Tommy T Hubble	14,503	35.8	-1.6
Majority			11,550	28.4	+3.1
Turnout			40,556	80.0	-0.3
	Labour hold		Swing

Elections in the 1950s

General election 1959: Jarrow ^[29]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Ernest Fernyhough	25,638	62.7	-0.6
	Conservative	Tommy T Hubble	15,286	37.4	+1.0
Majority			10,352	25.3	-1.6
Turnout			40,924	80.3	+1.2
	Labour hold		Swing

General election 1955: Jarrow ^[30]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Ernest Fernyhough	24,706	63.3	-2.9
	Conservative	Marjorie Dickinson	14,304	36.4	+1.6
Majority			10,402	26.9	-3.5
Turnout			39,010	79.1	-5.5
	Labour hold		Swing

General election 1951: Jarrow ^[31]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Ernest Fernyhough	35,963	66.2	+3.2
	Conservative	John Cox	19,217	34.8	+3.3
Majority			16,746	30.4	-1.1
Turnout			55,180	84.6	+1.8
	Labour hold		Swing

General election 1950: Jarrow

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Ernest Fernyhough	33,751	63.0	-3.0
	Conservative	John L. Cox	16,895	31.5	-2.5
	Liberal	Edward Glover Stephen Chalkley	2,940	5.5	New
Majority			16,856	31.5	-0.6
Turnout			53,586	82.8	+0.4
	Labour hold		Swing

Elections in the 1940s

1947 Jarrow by-election ^[32]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Ernest Fernyhough	20,694	59.3	-6.7
	Conservative	William Scott	13,078	37.5	+3.5
	Ind. Labour Party	W. Moody	1,114	3.2	New
Majority			7,616	21.8	-10.3
Turnout			34,886
	Labour hold		Swing	N/A

General election 1945: Jarrow

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Ellen Wilkinson	22,656	66.0	+12.9
	National Liberal	Stanley Holmes	11,649	34.0	-12.9
Majority			11,007	32.1	+25.9
Turnout			34,305	82.4	+1.6
	Labour hold		Swing

Elections in the 1930s

General election 1935: Jarrow

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Ellen Wilkinson	20,324	53.1	+7.2
	Conservative	William Pearson	17,974	46.9	−7.2
Majority			2,350	6.2	N/A
Turnout			38,298	80.8	+0.3
	Labour gain from Conservative		Swing

General election 1931: Jarrow

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	William Pearson	21,263	54.1	+16.6
	Labour	Robert Wilson	18,071	45.9	-16.6
Majority			3,192	8.2	N/A
Turnout			39,334	80.5	+5.2
	Conservative gain from Labour		Swing

Elections in the 1920s

General election 1929: Jarrow

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Robert Wilson	22,751	62.5	+5.1
	Unionist	Longinus Vivian Rogers	13,638	37.5	−5.1
Majority			9,113	25.0	+10.2
Turnout			36,389	75.3	−5.6
Registered electors			48,313
	Labour hold		Swing	+5.1

General election 1924: Jarrow

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Robert Wilson	18,203	57.4	−6.5
	Unionist	Albert Baucher	13,527	42.6	+6.5
Majority			4,676	14.8	−13.0
Turnout			31,730	80.9	+13.7
Registered electors			39,237
	Labour hold		Swing	−6.5

General election 1923: Jarrow ^[33]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Robert John Wilson	16,570	63.9	+10.0
	Unionist	John Lindsley	9,348	36.1	+4.2
Majority			7,222	27.8	+5.8
Turnout			25,918	67.2	−15.0
Registered electors			38,548
	Labour hold		Swing	+2.9

General election 1922: Jarrow ^[33]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Robert Wilson	17,208	53.9	+14.9
	Unionist	Charles Harrie Innes-Hopkins	10,166	31.9	New
	Liberal	Ernest Young	4,522	14.2	−46.8
Majority			7,042	22.0	N/A
Turnout			31,896	82.2	+27.2
Registered electors			38,808
	Labour gain from Liberal		Swing	+30.9

Elections in the 1910s

General election 1918: Jarrow

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
C	Liberal	Godfrey Palmer	12,544	61.0	+27.0
	Labour	John Hill	8,034	39.0	+5.7
Majority			4,510	22.0	+21.3
Turnout			20,578	55.0	−26.9
Registered electors			37,389
	Liberal hold		Swing	+10.7
Cindicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

General election December 1910: Jarrow ^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Godfrey Palmer	5,097	34.0	0.0
	Conservative	James Kirkley	4,986	33.3	+0.8
	Labour	Alexander Gordon Cameron	4,892	32.7	−0.8
Majority			111	0.7	+0.2
Turnout			14,975	81.9	+3.3
Registered electors			18,292
	Liberal hold		Swing	+0.1

General election January 1910: Jarrow ^{[35] [34]}

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Godfrey Palmer	4,885	34.0	−27.2
	Labour	Peter Francis Curran	4,818	33.5	−5.3
	Conservative	James Kirkley	4,668	32.5	N/A
Majority			67	0.5	−21.9
Turnout			14,371	78.6	+1.4
Registered electors			18,292
	Liberal hold		Swing	−11.0

Elections in the 1900s

1907 Jarrow by-election ^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Pete Curran	4,698	33.1	−5.7
	Conservative	Patrick Rose-Innes	3,930	27.6	New
	Liberal	Spencer Leigh Hughes	3,474	24.4	−36.8
	Irish Parliamentary	John O'Hanlon	2,122	14.9	New
Majority			768	5.5	N/A
Turnout			14,224	82.7	+5.5
Registered electors			17,195
	Labour gain from Liberal		Swing	+15.6

Charles Palmer

General election 1906: Jarrow ^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Charles Palmer	8,047	61.2	N/A
	Labour Repr. Cmte.	Pete Curran	5,093	38.8	New
Majority			2,954	22.4	N/A
Turnout			13,140	77.2	N/A
Registered electors			17,023
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A

General election 1900: Jarrow ^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Charles Palmer	Unopposed
	Liberal hold

Elections in the 1890s

General election 1895: Jarrow ^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Charles Palmer	Unopposed
	Liberal hold

General election 1892: Jarrow ^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Charles Palmer	7,343	75.2	N/A
	Independent Labour	Edward Dillon Lewis [36] [37]	2,416	24.8	New
Majority			4,927	50.4	N/A
Turnout			9,759	68.6	N/A
Registered electors			14,231
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A

Elections in the 1880s

= N/A

General election 1886: Jarrow ^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Charles Palmer	Unopposed
	Liberal hold

General election 1885: Jarrow ^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Charles Palmer	5,702	76.6
	Jarrow Radical and Labour Representation League	James Johnston	1,731	23.3
Majority			3,971	53.3
Turnout			7,433	57.6
Registered electors			12,897
	Liberal win (new seat)

See also

• List of parliamentary constituencies in Tyne and Wear
• History of parliamentary constituencies and boundaries in Tyne and Wear
• History of parliamentary constituencies and boundaries in Durham

Notes

1. A borough constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)
2. As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.

References

1. "Parliament constituency population 2011" . Retrieved 6 July 2015.
2. "Redistribution of Seats Act 1885". pp. 155–156.
3. "The 2023 Review of Parliamentary Constituency Boundaries in England – Volume one: Report – North East | Boundary Commission for England". boundarycommissionforengland.independent.gov.uk. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
4. "HMSO Boundary Commission Report 1885, Durham".
5. Craig, Fred W. S. (1972). Boundaries of parliamentary constituencies 1885-1972;. Chichester: Political Reference Publications. p. 11. ISBN   0-900178-09-4. OCLC   539011.
6. Craig, Fred W. S. (1972). Boundaries of parliamentary constituencies 1885-1972;. Chichester: Political Reference Publications. p. 59. ISBN   0-900178-09-4. OCLC   539011.
7. Craig, Fred W. S. (1972). Boundaries of parliamentary constituencies 1885-1972;. Chichester: Political Reference Publications. pp. 59, 60, 130. ISBN   0-900178-09-4. OCLC   539011.
8. "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1983" (PDF). p. 74.
9. "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1995". In the County of Tyne and Wear.
10. "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 2007". In Tyne and Wear.
11. "Final Recommendations for Parliamentary Constituencies in Tyne and Wear". Boundary Commission for England. 10 May 2006. Archived from the original on 2 November 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
12. Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "J"
13. "Statement of Persons Nominated - Jarrow" (PDF). Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead. 14 November 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 November 2019. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
14. "Election Data 2017" . Retrieved 12 June 2017.
15. "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
16. "Steve Harrison, UK Independence Party (UKIP) candidate to be MP for Jarrow – YourNextMP.com". Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
17. "TUSC parliamentary candidates in May 2015" (PDF). Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition.
18. "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
19. "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
20. "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
21. "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
22. "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
23. "Politics Resources". Election 1992. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
24. "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
25. "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
26. The Times' Guide to the House of Commons. 1970.
27. The Times' Guide to the House of Commons. 1966.
28. The Times' Guide to the House of Commons. 1964.
29. The Times' Guide to the House of Commons. 1959.
30. The Times' Guide to the House of Commons. 1955.
31. The Times' Guide to the House of Commons. 1951.
32. The Liberal Magazine, vols.55-56, p.269
33. British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
34. Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN   9781349022984.
35. Times House of Commons, 1910; Politico’s Publishing, 2004 p62
36. "Commercial Items". The Globe . 24 June 1892. p. 5. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
37. "The Jarrow Election". Shields Daily Gazette . 18 April 1893. p. 4. Retrieved 22 November 2017.

54°58′37″N1°27′00″W / 54.977°N 1.450°W / 54.977; -1.450