Jivaraj Papriwal

Last updated

Jivaraj Papriwal
Two idols consecrated by Jivaraj Papriwal with a modern idol in the middle, Bilahri Jain Temple, Katni Papriwalbilahri.jpg
Two idols consecrated by Jivaraj Papriwal with a modern idol in the middle, Bilahri Jain Temple, Katni
Personal
Born
Sect Digambar and Shvetambar
Notable work(s)Installation of Jain images in Punjab, Haryana, Bengal, Bihar, Bundelkhand, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Karnataka
Known forInstaller of as many as 100,000 Jain images
Occupation Trader

Jivaraja Paprival was the installer of as many as 100,000 Jain images in the 15th century, now found in Jain temples all over India. He was a trader in the town of Modasa believed to be in Gujarat. [1] He was probably born in Surat, Gujarat. [2]

India was overrun during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries by Turkish invaders. The two centuries following were a period of great devastation in North India. Temples were demolished and idols were defaced. These temple images had marked the tradition and identity of the Jain congregations, but few were left. [3]

Paprival resolved that regardless of cost, and the fierce political climate he would find a way to install as many images of Lord Jina as may be needed by Jain communities residing in towns and villages situated anywhere in India. He commissioned teams of workers to cut slabs of marble from quarries and employed armies of craftsmen to carve the images.[ citation needed ]

संवत १५४८ वर्षे वैशाख सुदी ३ श्री मूलसंघे श्री जिनचन्द्रदेव साह जीवराज पपडीवाल नित्यं प्रणमंति सहर मुडासा राजा स्योसिंघ

A dedicatory Inscription of samvat 1548 [4]

In 1491, Bhattaraka [5] Jinachandra Deva of Mula Sangh supervised a grand pratishtha or consecration of as many as 100,000 images. [6]

Jivaraja, with an enormous train of carts, then embarked on a pilgrimage to nearly all the Jain Tirthas of India. Braving the possibility of hostile confrontations with the invaders, wherever shravakas along the way lacked an idol he installed images.[ citation needed ]

Today the images can be seen in Punjab, Haryana, Bengal, Bihar, Bundelkhand, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Karnataka, [7] installed by Jivaraja in temples of the Digambar and Shvetambar sects. Each statue is one to two feet high, composed mostly of white marble but with a few blue, black and green hues, and inscribed with a text mentioning Jivaraja Papdival.[ citation needed ]

One image was discovered during excavation in the Multan fort, which had a Jain population before the partition. [8] It was placed in a local temple. After the Partition of India it was left behind with a handful of Jains remaining. One of the persons saw in a dream that the image needs to be moved. Just as the image was being moved, the neighborhood was overtaken. It is now in Jaipur. Several images were found at Sammet Shikhar during an excavation in 2000. [9]

Today, in thousands of Jain communities all over India, the shravakas once again possess symbols of the faith thanks to Jivaraja's audacity and vision. Since then, the Indian state of Rajasthan has been the major carving center for Jain idols.[ citation needed ]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dilwara Temples</span> Group of Svetambara Jain temples in Rajasthan, India

The Dilwara Temples or Delvada Temples are a group of Śvētāmbara Jain temples located about 2+12 kilometres from the Mount Abu settlement in Sirohi District, Rajasthan's only hill station. The earliest were built by Bhima I and supposedly designed or at least financed by Vastupala, Jain minister of Dholka. They date between the 11th and 16th centuries, forming some of the most famous monuments in the style of Māru-Gurjara architecture, famous for their use of a very pure white marble and intricate marble carvings. They are managed by Seth Shri Kalyanji Anandji Pedhi, Sirohi and are a pilgrimage place for Jains, and a significant general tourist attraction. The Dilwara temples are regarded as the most impressive among Jain temples in Rajasthan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jhalawar</span> City in Rajasthan, India

Jhalawar ( ) is a city, municipal council and headquarter in Jhalawar district of the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located in the southeastern part of the state. It was the capital of the former princely state of Jhalawar, and is the administrative Jhalawar district. Its district headquarters is Jhalawar. This district is the 22nd largest district of Rajasthan. This district is known by the nicknames of Cherrapunji of Rajasthan, Nagpur of Rajasthan, Brijnagar of Rajasthan etc. Cherrapunji of rajasthan because the highest rainfall in the whole of Rajasthan occurs in manoharthana town in this district. Gagron fort at the confluence of Kalisindh and Ahu river at some distance from Jhalawar It is situated which is one of the Jaldurg of Rajasthan and it is such a fort which is a standing fort without foundation. This fort was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agrawal</span> A Bania community in the Indian subcontinent

Agrawal is a Bania community. The Banias of northern India are really a cluster of several communities, of which the Agarwal Banias, Oswal Banias, and Porwal Banias are mentioned separately in connection with certain They are found throughout northern and central India, mainly in the states of Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Jammu and kashmir, Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Delhi, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. They are also found in Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Sindh, though at the time of the partition of India, most of them migrated across the newly created border to independent India. The majority religions followed by the Agrawals include Vaishnava Hinduism and Jainism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bhattaraka</span>

A Bhaṭṭāraka heads traditional Digambara Jain institutions. He is responsible for training scholars, maintenance of libraries, managing endowments, presiding over installation ceremonies and running Jain institutions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jainism in Bundelkhand</span>

Bundelkhand, a region in central India, has been an ancient center of Jainism. It covers northern part of Madhya Pradesh and south western part of Uttar Pradesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sri Digambar Jain Lal Mandir</span>

Shri Digambar Jain Lal Mandir is the oldest and best-known Jain temple in Delhi, India. It is directly across from the Red Fort in the historical Chandni Chowk area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jainism in Maharashtra</span>

Jainism has been present in Maharashtra since ancient times. The famous Ellora Caves demonstrate that Jainism was part of a thriving religious culture in Maharashtra in premodern times.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taranga Jain temple</span>

Taranga is a Jain pilgrimage center near Kheralu in Mehsana district, Gujarat, India, with two compounds of Jain temples that are important examples of the Māru-Gurjara style of architecture. The Ajitnatha temple, was constructed in 1161 by the Chaulukya king Kumarapala, under the advice of his teacher, Acharya Hemachandra. Both the main sects of Jainism are represented, with adjoining walled compounds: the Svetambara compound consists of 14 temples in all, and there are also five Digambara-affiliated temples at Taranga hill.

Kashtha Sangha was a Digambar Jain monastic order once dominant in several regions of North and Western India. It is considered to be a branch of Mula Sangh itself. It is said to have originated from a town named Kashtha.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Balatkara Gana</span> Ancient Jain monastic order in India

Balatkara Gana is an ancient Jain monastic order. It is a section of the Mula Sangh. It is often termed Balatkara Gana Sarasvati Gachchha. Until the beginning of the 20th century it was present in a number of places in India. However all its seats in North India became vacant in early 20th century. It survives only at Humbaj in Karnataka, which is its ancient seat.

The Sarawagi or Saraogi or Sarawgi Jain community, meaning a Jain Śrāvaka, is also known as the Khandelwal. They originated from Khandela, a historical town in northern Rajasthan.

Digambara Terapanth is one of the sects of Digambara Jainism, the other being the Bispanthi sect. It formed out of strong opposition to the religious domination of traditional religious leaders called bhattarakas during the 12th-16th century A.D, for the bhattarakas starting deviating from the original/Mula jain customs. They oppose the worship of various minor gods and goddesses. Some Terapanthi practices, like not using flowers in worship, gradually spread throughout most of North Indian Jainism as well.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shri Mahaveer Ji temple</span> Indian Jain Temple

Shri Mahavir Ji is an important and prominent Jain pilgrimage site situated in Shri Mahaveerji town in Hindaun Block, Karauli district in Rajasthan. Given the importance of the religious place, the Indian Railways has specifically developed a railway station under West Central Railway zone by the name of Shri Mahaveerji railway station which is 10 minutes drive from the temple and temple authorities have arranged for regular buses from the station to the temple. The temple is visited by millions of Jain and Hindu devotees every year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agrawal Jain</span>

Agrawals are the descendents of Maharaja Agrasen who was a legendary Indian king of Agroha, a city of traders. He is the descendant of Kush, son of lord Ram and he was born in 35th generation after lord Ram. He is credited with the establishment of a kingdom of traders in North India named Agroha, and is known for his compassion in refusing to slaughter animals in yajnas. Agrawal Jains are an Indian Jain community who originated from Agroha near Hisar, Haryana. In Sanskrit inscriptions and texts, the community is termed Agrotakanvaya.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Digambara</span> One of the two major schools of Jainism

Digambara is one of the two major schools of Jainism, the other being Śvētāmbara (white-clad). The Sanskrit word Digambara means "sky-clad", referring to their traditional monastic practice of neither possessing nor wearing any clothes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jain schools and branches</span> Major schools of thought

Jainism is an Indian religion which is traditionally believed to be propagated by twenty-four spiritual teachers known as tirthankara. Broadly, Jainism is divided into two major schools of thought, Digambara and Svetambara. These are further divided into different sub-sects and traditions. While there are differences in practices, the core philosophy and main principles of each sect is the same.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hanumantal Bada Jain Mandir</span> Historic Jain temple in Jabalpur, India

Bara Mandir is a historic Jain temple in Jabalpur, India, right on the edge of Hanumantal, once the main center of Jabalpur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sanghiji</span> Building in India

Shri Digamber Jain Atishya Kshetra Mandir, Sanghiji is an ancient Jain Temple in Sanganer, Rajasthan made of red stone. The ancient Shri Digamber Jain temple of Sanganer is 16 km from Jaipur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nainagiri</span>

Nainagiri is a major pilgrimage site for Jainism in India. It is located in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, it is 12 km from Dalpatpur and 25 km from Bukswaha. This tirth, also known as Reshandigiri, is a Siddha Kshetra where five ancient saints including Varadatta had attained nirvana.

References

  1. Jainism In Rajasthan, Kailash Chandra Jain, Jivaraj Jain Granthmala, 1963, p.78
  2. J. Gordon Melton; Martin Baumann (21 September 2010). Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition [6 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. pp. 2730–. ISBN   978-1-59884-204-3.
  3. "Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent", Wikipedia, 4 January 2023, retrieved 4 January 2023
  4. Jain Shilalekh Samgah, Part 4, Ed. Vidyadhar Johrapurkar, 1961
  5. V. Johrapurkar, Bhattaraka Sampradaya, 1958.
  6. Y.K. Malaiya, "On the Shoulders of Giants" In Three Days' Journey into Self, YJA, Los Angeles, 2000.
  7. Announcement of Manikchand Panachand Award, Jain Mitra, VNS 2432 (1905CE), Year 7, No. 23, p. 304
  8. Multan Digamber Jain Samaj Ke Alok Me, Kastoorchand Kasliwal, Pub. Multan Digambar Jain Samaj, Delhi-Jaipur 1980, p.53-55
  9. Ahimsa Times, Vol. No. 01, August 2000