Timeline of Jainism

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Jainism is an ancient Indian religion belonging to the śramaṇa tradition. It prescribes ahimsa (non-violence) towards all living beings to the greatest possible extent. The three main teachings of Jainism are ahimsa, anekantavada (non-absolutism), aparigraha (non-possessiveness). Followers of Jainism take five main vows: ahimsa, satya (not lying), asteya (non stealing), brahmacharya (chastity), and aparigraha. Monks follow them completely whereas śrāvakas (householders) observe them partially. Self-discipline and asceticism are thus major focuses of Jainism.

Contents

Before Common Era (BCE)

Common Era (CE)

Sculpture depicting Acharya Kundkund Acharya KundaKunda.jpg
Sculpture depicting Acharya Kundkund

Middle Ages

British India

Post-Partition

See also

Notes

  1. "NamiNatha Bhagwan". jainmuseum.com.
  2. "About Tonks Of 24 Jain Tirthankaras On Parasnath Hills Information-Topchanchi". hoparoundindia.com.
  3. Zimmer 1953, p. 226.
  4. Jinasena, Acharya; Jain (Sahityacharya), Dr. Pannalal (2008). Harivamsapurana [Harivamsapurana]. Bhartiya Jnanpith (18, Institutional Area, Lodhi Road, New Delhi - 110003). ISBN   978-81-263-1548-2.
  5. Fisher, Mary Pat (1997). Living Religions: An Encyclopedia of the World's Faiths. London: I.B.Tauris. ISBN   1-86064-148-2. p. 115
  6. "Parshvanatha". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2007. Retrieved 22 October 2007.
  7. Bowker, John (2000). "The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions". Parsva. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19-280094-7 . Retrieved 22 October 2007.
  8. Deo, Shantaram Bhalchandra (1956). History of Jaina monachism from inscriptions and literature. Poona [Pune, India]: Deccan College Post-graduate and Research Institute. pp. 59–60.
  9. Wendy Doniger (23 February 1993). Purana Perennis: Reciprocity and Transformation in Hindu and Jaina Texts. SUNY Press. p. 167. ISBN   978-0-7914-1382-1.
  10. "Mahavira." Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2006. Answers.com 28 Nov. 2009. http://www.answers.com/topic/mahavira
  11. 1 2 Indian Antiquary: A Journal of Oriental Research, Vol-19, Issue no.-January–December.
  12. Hubbard 1807, p. 310.
  13. Goyal 2005, p. 22.
  14. Jain 1972, p. 152.
  15. {{Cite book|last=Institute|first
  16. "மாங்குளம் தமிழ்க் கல்வெட்டுக்கள்" (in Tamil). Tamil Virtual University . Retrieved 23 February 2014.
  17. Shah 1995, p. 15.
  18. Vyas 1995, pp. 31–32.
  19. Lālavānī, Gaṇeśa (1991). Jainthology: an anthology of articles selected from the Jain journal of last 25 years. Jain Bhawan. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
  20. Rapson, "Catalogue of the Indian coins of the British Museum. Andhras etc...", p XVII.
  21. Full text of the Hathigumpha Inscription in English Archived 17 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  22. Cort 2009, p. 39-41.
  23. D. Devakunjari (1957), Madurai through the ages, Editor: R. Nagaswamy, Society for Archaeological Historical and Epigraphical Research, University of Madras Press, pp. 312–316
  24. T. S. Subramanian (24 March 2012). "2,200-year-old Tamil-Brahmi inscription found on Samanamalai". The Hindu. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  25. 1 2 Kerkar & TNN 2014.
  26. "Gazette of India notification 27th January 2014" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  27. "Inclusion of Jains as a minority community under Section 2(c) of the National Commission for Minorities (NCM) Act, 1992". 18 March 2022. Archived from the original on 18 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.

References