| Part of a series on |
| Jainism |
|---|
 |
The Jains in India are the last direct representatives of the ancient Shramana tradition. People who practice Jainism, an ancient religion of the Indian subcontinent, are collectively referred to as Jains.
| Part of a series on |
| Jainism |
|---|
| |
The Jains in India are the last direct representatives of the ancient Shramana tradition. People who practice Jainism, an ancient religion of the Indian subcontinent, are collectively referred to as Jains.
Jainism has a fourfold order of muni (male monastics), aryika (female monastics), Śrāvaka (layman) and sravika (laywoman). This order is known as a sangha.[ citation needed ]. Many Jains are in general caste.
The Jain have the highest literacy rate in India, 94.1.% compared with the national average of 65.38%. They have the highest female literacy rate, 90.6.% compared with the national average of 54.16%. [1] [2]
As per national survey NFHS-4 conducted in 2018 Jains were declared wealthiest of any community with 70% of their population living in top quintiles of wealth. [3] The sex ratio in the 0-6 age group is the second lowest for Jain (870 females per 1,000 males).
Jains are found in almost every part of India. There are about 100 different Jain communities in India. They can be divided into five groups based on historical and current residence:
Virchand Gandhi made a presentation of Jainism at the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago in 1893, marking one of the earliest appearances of Jainism outside India. [4] The World Jain Congress was held in Leicester in 1988. [5]
The Jain population in India according to 2011 census is 0.54% i.e. 4,451,753 (Males 2,278,097; Females 2,173,656) out of the total population of India 1,210,854,977 (males 623,270,258; females 587,584,719). [8] The tabular representation of Jain population in the major states of India as per 2011 Census data released by the government is:
| S. No. | State | Persons (total) | Persons (rural) | Persons (urban) | Male (total) | Male (rural) | Male (urban) | Female (total) | Female (rural) | Female (urban) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | India | 4,451,753 | 904,809 | 3,546,944 | 2,278,097 | 467,577 | 1,810,520 | 2,173,656 | 437,232 | 1,736,424 |
| 2 | Maharashtra | 1,400,349 | 269,959 | 1,130,390 | 713,157 | 140,476 | 572,681 | 687,192 | 129,483 | 557,709 |
| 3 | Rajasthan | 622,023 | 166,322 | 455,701 | 317,614 | 84,649 | 232,965 | 304,409 | 81,673 | 222,736 |
| 4 | Gujarat | 579,654 | 44,118 | 535,536 | 294,911 | 22,357 | 272,554 | 284,743 | 21,761 | 262,982 |
| 5 | Madhya Pradesh | 567,028 | 109,699 | 457,329 | 291,937 | 57,431 | 234,506 | 275,091 | 52,268 | 222,823 |
| 6 | Karnataka | 440,280 | 220,362 | 219,918 | 225,544 | 113,598 | 111,946 | 214,736 | 106,764 | 107,972 |
| 7 | Uttar Pradesh | 213,267 | 30,144 | 183,123 | 110,994 | 15,852 | 95,142 | 102,273 | 14,292 | 87,981 |
| 8 | Delhi | 166,231 | 192 | 166,039 | 85,605 | 94 | 85,511 | 80,626 | 98 | 80,528 |
| 9 | Tamil Nadu | 89,265 | 10,084 | 79,181 | 45,605 | 5,044 | 40,561 | 43,660 | 5,040 | 38,620 |
It is likely that the actual population of Jains may be significantly higher than the census numbers.[ citation needed ]
The Jain population in United States is estimated to be about 150,000 to 200,000. [9] [10]
In Japan, there are more than 5,000 families who have converted to Jainism and is growing faster there. [11]
Jainism, also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religion. Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four tirthankaras, with the first in the current time cycle being Rishabhadeva, whom the tradition holds to have lived millions of years ago, the twenty-third tirthankara Parshvanatha, whom historians date to the 9th century BCE, and the twenty-fourth tirthankara Mahavira, around 600 BCE. Jainism is considered an eternal dharma with the tirthankaras guiding every time cycle of the cosmology. The three main pillars of Jainism are ahiṃsā (non-violence), anekāntavāda (non-absolutism), and aparigraha (asceticism).
The Śvetāmbara is one of the two main branches of Jainism, the other being the Digambara. Śvetāmbara in Sanskrit means "white-clad", and refers to its ascetics' practice of wearing white clothes, which sets it apart from the Digambara or "sky-clad" Jains whose ascetic practitioners go nude. Śvetāmbaras do not believe that ascetics must practice nudity.
Rajnandgaon is a city in Rajnandgaon District, in the state of Chhattisgarh, India. As of the 2011 census the population of the city was 163,122. Rajnandgaon district came into existence on 26 January 1973, as a result of the division of Durg district.
Nagda is an industrial town in Ujjain district of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It lies in the administrative headquarters of the city of Ujjain, in the Malwa region of western Madhya Pradesh. It is situated on the bank of the Chambal River.
Mumbai City district is a district of Maharashtra in Konkan Division, India. As a city district, it has no headquarters or subdivisions. It, along with the Mumbai Suburban District, makes up the metropolis of Mumbai. This area is called the "Island City" or South Mumbai or Old Mumbai. It extends from Colaba in the south to Mahim and Sion in the north. The city has an area of 157 km2 (61 sq mi) and a population of 3,085,411.
The Balai, Raj Balai, Balahior Bunkar\Sutarkar are found in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Punjab, Maharashtra, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh in India.
Jain vegetarianism is practised by the followers of Jain culture and philosophy. It is one of the most rigorous forms of spiritually motivated diet on the Indian subcontinent and beyond. The Jain cuisine is completely lacto-vegetarian and also excludes root and underground vegetables such as potato, garlic, onion etc., to prevent injuring small insects and microorganisms; and also to prevent the entire plant getting uprooted and killed. It is practised by Jain ascetics and lay Jains.
The Jain Bunt are the Jains of Bunt caste from Tulunaad area of India. It has been said that the Jain Bunts also have the highest per capita income in India. They have a feudal and martial race heritages, because of ties to the erstwhile royalty of the area. They are classified as Other Backward Class (OBC) by the Government of Karnataka.
Jainism is India's sixth-largest religion and is practiced throughout India. Per the 2011 census, there are 4,451,753 Jains in the 1.35 billion population of India, the majority living in Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka. However, the influence of Jainism has been far greater on the Indian population than these numbers suggest. Jains can be found in every state and all union territories, varying from large societies to smaller. The state of Jharkhand, with a population of 16,301 Jains also contains the holy pilgrimage centre of Sammed Shikharji. Jains can be found throughout India and in many other countries throughout the world.
Rishabhanatha, also Rishabhadeva, Rishabha or Ikshvaku, is the first tirthankara of Jainism. He was the first of twenty-four teachers in the present half-cycle of time in Jain cosmology, and called a "ford maker" because his teachings helped one cross the sea of interminable rebirths and deaths. The legends depict him as having lived millions of years ago. He was the spiritual successor of Sampratti Bhagwan, the last Tirthankar of previous time cycle. He is also known as Ādinātha, as well as Adishvara, Yugadideva, Prathamarajeshwara and Nabheya. He is also known as Ikshvaku, establisher of Ikshvaku dynasty. Along with Mahavira, Parshvanath, Neminath, and Shantinath, Rishabhanatha is one of the five Tirthankaras that attract the most devotional worship among the Jains.
The Gujarati people, or Gujaratis, are an Indian ethnolinguistic group who reside in or can trace their ancestry or heritage to a region of the Indian subcontinent primarily centered in the present-day western Indian state of Gujarat. They primarily speak Gujarati, an Indian language. While Gujaratis mainly inhabit Gujarat, they have a diaspora worldwide. Gujaratis in India and the diaspora are prominent entrepreneurs and industrialists and maintain high social capital. Many notable independence activists were Gujarati, including Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel.
Neminātha, also known as Nemi and Ariṣṭanemi, is the twenty-second Tīrthaṅkara of Jainism in the present age. Neminatha lived 81,000 years before the 23rd Tirthankara Parshvanatha. According to traditional accounts, he was born to King Samudravijaya and Queen Shivadevi of the Yadu dynasty in the north Indian city of Sauripura. His birth date was the fifth day of Shravana Shukla of the Jain calendar. Krishna, who was the 9th and last Jain Vasudev, was his first cousin.
Poravāla, correctly called Poravāḍa, is a Bania community that originated in southern Rajasthan, India. They are mainly of Jain or Hindu faith. The name Poravāla was applied on the basis of the names of other Bania communities.
Chaturtha is the biggest community of Digambara Jains.
Chhipi is a caste of people with ancestral roots tracing back to India. These people are basically Rajputs and used to wear Kshatriya attire. These people were skilled in the art of war, Later people of this caste started doing printing work. They are found in the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh of India.
Digambara is one of the two major schools of Jainism, the other being Śvetāmbara (white-clad). The Sanskrit word Digambara means "sky-clad", referring to their traditional monastic practice of neither possessing nor wearing any clothes.
Religion in Maharashtra is characterised by the diversity of religious beliefs and practices.
Kundalpur is a village in Nalanda district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is located about 2.5 kilometres from ancient Nalanda Mahavihara, 11 kilometres southwest of Bihar Sharif, and 80 kilometres southeast of Patna.
The Kansara caste is a Hindu caste whose traditional occupation is the making of metal utensils; they inhabit the Indian states of Maharashtra and Gujarat.
The Son Koli, or Sona Koli is a subcaste of the Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The Son Kolis are the original residents of what is now Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra. They practice both Hinduism and Christianity because Son Kolis were converted to Christianity during the Portuguese rule in India and worship Our Lady of Mount and Hindu deities. Historically, the Son Kolis have been fisherman by profession.
{{citation}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help){{citation}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)| Gods | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Philosophy | |||||
| Branches |
| ||||
| Practices | |||||
| Literature | |||||
| Symbols | |||||
| Ascetics | |||||
| Scholars | |||||
| Community | |||||
| Jainism in |
| ||||
| Jainism and | |||||
| Dynasties and empires | |||||
| Related | |||||
| Lists | |||||
| Navboxes | |||||
