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Kurdish is a language or a group of languages spoken by Kurds in the geo-cultural region of Kurdistan and the Kurdish diaspora. Kurdish languages constitutes a dialect continuum, many of which are not mutually intelligible, belonging to Western Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family. The main three dialects or languages of Kurdish are Northern Kurdish, Central Kurdish, and Southern Kurdish.
Ilam Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is located in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 sq mi), while sharing 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also bordering on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan. The largest city and also the provincial capital is Ilam.
Ilam is a Kurdish city in the Central District of Ilam County, Ilam province, Iran, and serves as capital of the province, county and district. The Kabir Kuh mountain range lies east of the city. From the west it borders Iraq.
Yarsanism, Ahl-e Haqq or Kaka'i, is an inherited, syncretic religion founded by Sultan Sahak in the late 14th century in western Iran. The total number of followers of Yarsanism is estimated to be over half a million to one million in Iran. The numbers in Iraq are unknown. Followers are mostly Kurds from the Guran, Sanjâbi, Kalhor, Zangana and Jalalvand tribes. Turkic-speaking Yarsan enclaves also exist in Iran.
Luri is a Southwestern Iranian language continuum spoken by the Lur people, an Iranian people native to Western Asia. The Luri dialects are descended from Middle Persian and are Central Luri, Bakhtiari, and Southern Luri. This language is spoken mainly by the Bakhtiari and Southern Lurs in Iran.
Southern Kurdish is one of the dialects of the Kurdish language, spoken predominantly in northeastern Iraq and western Iran. The Southern Kurdish-speaking region spans from Khanaqin in Iraq to Dehloran southward and Asadabad eastward in Iran.
Laki is a vernacular that consists of two dialects; Pish-e Kuh Laki and Posht-e Kuh Laki. Laki is considered a Kurdish dialect, by most linguists and is spoken chiefly in the area between Khorramabad and Kermanshah by about one million native speakers.
Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic, also known as Hulaulá, is a grouping of related dialects of Northeastern Neo-Aramaic originally spoken by Jews in Iranian Kurdistan and easternmost Iraqi Kurdistan. Most speakers now live in Israel.
Kurmanji, also termed Northern Kurdish, is the northernmost of the Kurdish languages, spoken predominantly in southeast Turkey, northwest and northeast Iran, northern Iraq, northern Syria and the Caucasus and Khorasan regions. It is the most widely spoken form of Kurdish.
Lak is a Kurdish tribe native to Western Iran. They speak Laki, which is considered a Kurdish dialect by most linguists. However, the Laks firmly identify with the Lurs, and this is especially pronounced amongst the Laks of Iran's Lorestan Province.
Achomi, also known as Larestani and Khodmooni, is a Persian and Southwestern Iranian language spoken by people in southern Fars and western Hormozgan and by significant numbers of immigrant groups in Kuwait, Bahrain, Iraq, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and other Persian Gulf Arab countries. It is the predominant language of Larestan, Khonj, Gerash, Lamerd, and Evaz counties in Fars and Bastak County in Hormozgan Province. It is also spoken by some Huwalas in the Gulf countries which can result into many cities, towns, and villages in Iran have their own kind of style Achomi language like Larestan, Khonj, Gerash, and Banaruiyeh have completely different styles which can vary from the type of body language and accent. The majority of Achomi speakers are Sunni Muslims.
Kurds in Iran constitute a large minority in the country with a population of around 9 and 10 million people.
Kurdish literature is literature written in the Kurdish languages. Literary Kurdish works have been written in each of the four main languages: Zaza, Gorani, Kurmanji and Sorani. Ali Hariri (1009–1079) is one of the first well-known poets who wrote in Kurdish. He was from the Hakkari region.
Eyvan is a city in the Central District of Eyvan County, Ilam province, Iran, and serves as both capital of the county and of the district. The city is populated by Kurds who speak the Kalhori variety of Kurdish.
Malekshahi County is in Ilam province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Arkavaz.
Kalhor is a Kurdish tribe and their dialect, "Kalhori", has been categorized as a branch of Southern Kurdish.
Ali Al-Gharbi is a district of the Maysan Governorate in Iraq.
Feylis, also known as Feyli Kurds, is a Kurdish tribe mainly from Baghdad and the borderlands between Iraq and Iran.They speak Feyli which is classified as a sub-dialect of Southern Kurdish, but is commonly mistaken as being identical with the separate Feyli dialect of Northern Luri. Linguist Ismaïl Kamandâr Fattah argues that the Kurdish Feyli dialect and other Southern Kurdish sub-dialects are 'interrelated and largely mutually intelligible.'
Malekshahi is a Kurdish tribe found in the borderlands between Iran and Iraq. The tribe speaks Southern Kurdish.
The online Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI) is a collection of interactive language distribution maps and linguistic maps of the languages spoken across Iran. The atlas is developed and maintained at the Geomatics and Cartographic Research Center (GCRC) at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. The maps on the atlas are searchable and illustrate patterns in the phonology, morphosyntax, and lexicon of languages spoken in Iran. As the atlas is interactive, users are free to access the data and information represented on the maps, and they are encouraged to contribute and comment on the language data for each location.
References
- ↑ Erik Anonby, Mortaza Taheri-Ardali & Amos Hayes (2019) The Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI). Iranian Studies 52. A Working Classification
- 1 2 3 Fattah, Ismaïl Kamandâr (2000). Les dialectes kurdes méridionaux. Acta Iranica 37. p. 32.
- ↑ "Language distribution: Ilam Province". Iran Atlas¨. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
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