Lasthenia

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Goldfields
Lasthenia glabrata 1.JPG
Lasthenia glabrata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Madieae
Subtribe: Baeriinae
Genus: Lasthenia
Cass.
Type species
Lasthenia californica
DC. ex Lindl.
Species

See text

Lasthenia, commonly known as goldfields, is a genus of flowering plants family Asteraceae. The genus is named after Lasthenia of Mantinea, a cross-dressing female pupil of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato.

Contents

Description

The goldfield genus comprises annual (rarely perennial) herbs that are either glabrous or hairy. Stems are typically branched and erect, attaining a height of less than 60 cm (24 in). Their opposite leaves, up to 20 cm (8 in) in length, have entire margins and pinnate venation.

Inflorescences are characterized by solitary heads (sometimes in cymes), with phyllaries free or partly fused. The receptacle may present as naked and narrowly conic to hemispherical. The normally yellow ray florets may number 4 to 16, and the ligules are typically yellow as well. The numerous disk florets typically have yellow, 5-lobed corollae. Anther tips manifest as acuminate to triangular. Style tips may be triangular or round and are typically hair-tufted.

Fruits are less than 5 mm (0.2 in) across, cylindric to obovoid in shape, and black or gray in color. The pappus may present awns or scales, or infrequently neither. The genus is mostly cross-pollinated, with some insects serving as pollinators. [1]

California Goldfields (Lasthenia californica), Antelope Valley Antelope vally spring.jpg
California Goldfields ( Lasthenia californica ), Antelope Valley

Ecology and horticulture

Goldfield species occur over a range of habitat, such as meadows, shrubland and open forest, but tend towards semiarid conditions. They are commonly found at ephemeral pools and are important plants in coastal regions. They are visited by Sciaridae fungus gnats for nectar, and it is possible that these animals are key pollinators at least for Contra Costa Goldfields (L. conjugens).

In horticulture, most make hardy ornamental plants, suitable for flower-beds or borders. Autumn is the best time for sowing the seed, but it may also be sown early in the spring. [2]

Species

L. californica Lasthenia californica.jpg
L. californica

There are a total of eighteen species, seventeen are endemic to North America and one species is only found in Chile. Of the seventeen species found in North America, most are endemic to California.

Lasthenia californica subsp. californica California goldfields (found in northern California and Oregon)
Lasthenia californica subsp. bakeri Baker's goldfields (endemic to California)
Lasthenia californica subsp. macrantha perennial goldfields (endemic to California)
Lasthenia glabrata subsp. glabrata yellow-ray goldfields (endemic to California)
Lasthenia glabrata subsp. coulteri Coulter's goldfields (endemic to California)

Related Research Articles

<i>Eschscholzia californica</i> Species of flowering plant and state flower of California

Eschscholzia californica, the California poppy, golden poppy, California sunlight or cup of gold, is a species of flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae, native to the United States and Mexico. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant flowering in summer, with showy cup-shaped flowers in brilliant shades of red, orange and yellow. It is also used as food or a garnish. It became the official state flower of California in 1903.

<i>Lasthenia conjugens</i> Species of flowering plant

Lasthenia conjugens, commonly known as Contra Costa goldfields, is an endangered species of wildflower endemic to a limited range within the San Francisco Bay Area of the state of California, USA. Specifically this rare species occurs in Napa, Santa Barbara, Solano, Contra Costa, Santa Clara, Monterey and Alameda Counties. This annual herb typically flowers from March through June, and its colonies grow in vernal pool habitats at elevations not exceeding 100 meters above sea level. The Jepson Manual notes that the present distribution is limited to the deltaic Sacramento Valley, principally Napa and Solano Counties, but the historic range of L. conjugens is known to be significantly wider. In any case, historically the range has included parts of the North Coast, Sacramento Valley, and San Francisco Bay Area as well as the South Coast. Alternatively and less frequently this taxon has been referred to as Baeria fremontii var. conjugens.

<i>Lasthenia burkei</i> Species of flowering plant

Lasthenia burkei is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names Burke's goldfields and Burke's baeria.

<i>Helianthella californica</i> Species of flowering plant

Helianthella californica is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name California helianthella. This wildflower is native to the mountains of California, northwestern Nevada, and southwestern Oregon.

<i>Lasthenia californica</i> Species of flowering plant

Lasthenia californica is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name California goldfields. It is native to western North America.

Lasthenia chrysantha is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name alkalisink goldfields. It is endemic to the California Central Valley, where it grows in vernal pools and alkali flats.

<i>Lasthenia coronaria</i> Species of flowering plant

Lasthenia coronaria is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name royal goldfields. It is native to California and Baja California, including Guadalupe Island.

<i>Lasthenia ferrisiae</i> Species of flowering plant

Lasthenia ferrisiae is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Ferris' goldfields. It is endemic to the California Central Valley, where it grows in vernal pools and alkali flats.

<i>Lasthenia fremontii</i> Species of flowering plant

Lasthenia fremontii is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Frémont's goldfields. It is endemic to the California Central Valley, where it grows in vernal pools and meadows.

Lasthenia glaberrima is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names smooth goldfields and rayless goldfields. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to California, where it grows in wet meadows and vernal pools.

<i>Lasthenia glabrata</i> Species of flowering plant

Lasthenia glabrata is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names yellowray goldfields and yellow-rayed lasthenia. It is endemic to California, where it is a resident of vernal pools and other moist areas in a number of habitat types. It is widespread across much of the state, from San Diego County to Tehama County.

Lasthenia microglossa is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name smallray goldfields. It is endemic to California, where it grows in shady areas in a number of habitats.

Lasthenia minor is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name coastal goldfields. It is endemic to California, where it is a resident of coastal and inland grassland habitat.

<i>Brickellia californica</i> Species of flowering plant

Brickellia californica, known by the common name California brickellbush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae.

<i>Almutaster</i> Genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae

Almutaster is a North American genus of plants in the family Asteraceae containing the single species Almutaster pauciflorus, which is known by the common name alkali marsh aster. It is native to Canada, the Western United States, and northern and central Mexico. The genus is named for botanist Almut Gitter Jones.

Blennosperma bakeri is a rare species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names Baker's stickyseed and Sonoma sunshine.

<i>Limnanthes floccosa</i> Species of flowering plant

Limnanthes floccosa, or woolly meadowfoam, is a species of meadowfoam found in Northern California and Southern Oregon, in the United States. Most of the subspecies have highly restricted distributions and are listed as critical or endangered.

<i>Lasthenia maritima</i> Species of flowering plant

Lasthenia maritima is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names maritime goldfields and seaside goldfields.

Lasthenia platycarpha is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name alkali goldfields. It is endemic to California, where it is known mainly from the Central Valley.

<i>Deinandra conjugens</i> Species of flowering plant

Deinandra conjugens is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names Otay tarplant and Otay tarweed. It is native to a small section of far northern Baja California in Mexico, its range extending north into San Diego County, California, in the United States. One isolated population has been reported from the hills east of Cayucos in San Luis Obispo County.

References

  1. Chan & Ornduff (2006)
  2. Pink (2004)
  3. Ornduff (1966)