List of Amtrak rolling stock

Amtrak operates a fleet of 2,142 railway cars and 425 locomotives for revenue service and railroad operations, collectively referred to as its rolling stock. Notable examples include the GE Genesis and Siemens Charger diesel locomotives, the Siemens ACS-64 electric locomotive, the Amfleet and Viewliner series of single-level passenger cars, the Superliner series of double-decker passenger cars, and 20 Acela Express high-speed trainsets. In addition, Amtrak operates 196 locomotives and railcars that are wholly owned by its state partners. ^[1]

The railroad is currently undertaking a fleet replacement effort, spending $2.4 billion on 28 NextGen Acela ^[2] (Avelia Liberty) trainsets for its flagship Acela service and $7.3 billion for 65 Airo trainsets for other Northeast Corridor services. Separately, California and a consortium of Midwestern states have purchased Siemens Venture trainsets for use on Amtrak-operated routes within their regions; these began entering service in 2022. In 2023, Amtrak issued a request for proposals to replace hundreds of railcars used on long-distance routes. ^[3]

Current

Locomotives

Amtrak operates diesel, electric, and dual-mode (diesel or electric) locomotives. Its electric locomotives are confined to the Northeast Corridor and the Philadelphia to Harrisburg Main Line, dual-mode locomotives are only used in the Empire Corridor between Albany and New York, and the diesel locomotives are used in all other areas across the United States.

Model	Thumbnail	Road numbers	Active fleet	Year	Power type	Owner
Road power
GE Dash 8-32BWH		500–519	11	1991	Diesel	Amtrak
GE Genesis P42DC		1–207	150	1996–2001
GE Genesis P32AC-DM		700–717	17	1995	Dual-mode
Siemens ACS-64		600–665, 667–670	67	2014	Electric
Siemens Charger ALC-42		300–424	72 (125)	2021	Diesel
State-owned road power
GE Dash 8-32BWH		2051, 2052	1	1991	Diesel	Caltrans
EMD F59PH		1810, 1859, 1869, 1871, 1984, 1893	6	1988		NCDOT
EMD F59PHI		1755, 1797	2	1998
		2001–2009	8	1994		Caltrans
		2010–2015	4	2001
Siemens Charger SC-44		1400–1401, 1403–1408	8	2016		WSDOT
		2101–2124	23			Caltrans
		4601–4633	30			IDOT
Non-revenue/switcher locomotives
EMD SW1		787 [a]	1	1941	Diesel	Amtrak
GE 80-ton switcher		1100	0	1952
EMD SW1000R		794, 796	2	1952
EMD MP15DC		530–539	8	1970
EMD SW1500		541	1	1970
EMD SW1001		569	1	1974
EMD GP38H-3		520–527	8	1966–68 [b]
EMD GP38-3		720–724	5	1976
		725–754	20	1960s/70s [c]
MPI GP15D		570–579	10	2004
MPI MP14B		590, 592, 593	3	2010–2013	Diesel genset
MPI MP21B		591	1	2010
NRE 2GS12B		597, 599, 792, 793, 798	5	2014–2020
Sources: [1] [9] [10] [4] [11]

Passenger cars

As of late 2018, Amtrak rostered 1,408 passenger cars of various types. These include coaches, lounges, dining cars, sleeping cars, baggage cars and crew/dormitory cars. ^{[1] : 48–51}

Model	Thumbnail	Road numbers	In service	Year built	Owner
Metroliner cab car		9632–9651	15	1967–1970 [d]	Amtrak
Amfleet I		43346–48196, 81500–82999	454	1975
Amfleet II		25000–28024	141	1981
Superliner I		31000–38034	221	1979
Superliner II		32070–39046	169	1993
Horizon		53501–58108	0	1988
Viewliner (prototype)		2300–2301; 8400	1	1987
Viewliner I		62000–62049	49	1995
Viewliner II		61000–69009	119	2015
Surfliner		6300–6908	37	2000
F40PH NPCU		90200–90413	14	1977–1981 [e]
HHP-8C NPCU		9750–9752	3	1999 [f]
P42C NPCU		9700–9702	3 (15)	1996–2001 [g]
Autorack		9200–9279	77	2005
State-owned cars
California Car		8001–8814	65	1996	Caltrans
Surfliner		6351–6965	21	2002
Comet IB		5001–5014	14	1968 [h]
North Carolina Fleet		400001–400205	20	1952–1965	NCDOT
F40PH NPCU		90252–90253, 90340	3	1977, 1980 [i]	ODOT
F59PH NPCU		101–105	5	1988–1990 [j]	NCDOT
Siemens Venture		4001–4020, [k] 4101–4134, [l] 4201–4217, [m] 4301–4317 [n] [20]	70 (110)	2022	IDOT

Train sets/multiple units

Model	Thumbnail	Road numbers	In service	Year introduced	Notes
Acela Express		2000–2039	32	1999	Electric locomotive; each one is semi-permanently coupled to each end of a trainset.
		3200–3559	96		Unpowered trailer cars; six (four business class, one first class and one cafe) per trainset. 20 trainsets in total.
Talgo Series 8		7110–7911	33	2013	2 trainsets used on Amtrak Cascades, owned by the Oregon Department of Transportation. Unpowered; 13 cars per trainset.
Avelia Liberty		2100–2155	10 (46)	2025	28 trainsets with 9 cars and 2 electric locomotives. [21] [22] [23]
		3250–3927	45 (207)
Siemens Venture		9001–9808	24 (49) [24]	2023 [25]	7 seven-car unpowered trainsets for San Joaquins . Trainset will include a cab car, and be hauled by diesel-electric locomotives in the fleet. Owned by Caltrans.
Airo ( Charger ALC-42E )		70000 series	0 (90)	(2026) [26]	Not yet in service. Electro-diesel locomotive. Motors can be powered by: diesel engine, or overhead lines by Airo power car, or by charge in Airo battery car.
Airo (Venture)		71000 series	0 (48)	(2026)	Not yet in service. 8 six-car unpowered trainsets for Cascades . Trainset will include a cab car, paired with a Siemens Charger.
			0 (156)		Not yet in service. 26 six-car trainsets for Carolinian , Downeaster , Keystone Service , Palmetto , Pennsylvanian and Vermonter . Trainset will include cab car and power car, which will draw power from overhead lines and feed to motors.
			0 (256)		Not yet in service. 32 eight-car trainsets for Northeast Regional . Trainset will include cab car and power car, which will draw power from overhead lines and feed to motors.
			0 (102)		Not yet in service. 17 six-car trainsets for Adirondack , Empire Service , Ethan Allen Express and Maple Leaf . Trainset will include a cab car and a battery car that will supply electricity to the motors.
FLIRT			0 (10 sets)	(2027)	Not yet in service. Hydrogen multiple units for use on the San Joaquins. [27] [28]

Business cars

• 
  Three of Amtrak's business cars on the back of the Blue Water in 2011: the Pacific Cape, Ocean View, and Beech Grove
• 
  Amtrak's American View business and inspection car

In addition to its regular fleet, Amtrak owns several business and track geometry cars: ^{[29] [20]}

• #10001 Beech Grove, an "Amfleet office car" ^[30] used for official business by the Amtrak president and other VIPs. This unique car has an open observation platform, lounge seating area, dining room, kitchen and two sleeping accommodations, as well as lights, GPS equipment and a camera to inspect tracks for defects. The car was repurposed in 2020 with a LiDAR Laser Measurement System.
• #10002 Corridor Clipper, an Amfleet I-based track geometry car. It is periodically attached to the end of a diesel or electric revenue-running train or is hauled by a locomotive only. The car previously had a special pantograph that was used to test and measure overhead lines.
• #10003, an Acela-based track geometry car. It is periodically inserted into an Acela Express consist between a power car (locomotive) and the nearest end car, resulting in a train with two power cars and seven intermediate cars rather than the normal six. ^[31]
• #10004 American View, a Viewliner-based "inspection car" ^[32] with rear-facing seats and large glass window at the end of the car that allows passengers to observe the tracks. The car can also be used by maintenance crews to visually inspect the tracks for defects and by the Amtrak president and other executives for official purposes. Originally numbered #2301, the American View is one of the three prototype Viewliner cars and was the last passenger railcar produced by Budd.
• #10005, a catenary measurement car. Like car #10002 Corridor Clipper, this car has a special pantograph that is used to test and measure overhead lines.
• #10020 Pacific Bend, a heritage Pacific-series 10-6 sleeper formerly owned by Union Pacific, now converted for Amtrak crew use on special trains. Four roomettes remain for staff use, five roomettes have been converted to storage areas and one has been converted into a shower. The bedrooms have been removed and replaced with a crew lounge.
• #10021 Pacific Cape, a heritage Pacific-series 10-6 sleeper now converted for crew use on special trains. It is usually used along with the Beech Grove for official business by the Amtrak president and other VIPs.
• #9800 Metroliner, a former Metroliner electric multiple unit cafe converted to be used as a first-class conference car. Primarily used on charter services on the Northeast Corridor. The car is broken up into three areas, one end of the car has 12 business class seats in a 2+1 configuration, the middle has a cafe, and the other end has conference areas (a large private conference room with eight seats around a large table, two medium-sized semi-private conference sections with four seats around a table and two small semi-private conference sections with two seats around a table). ^[33] At one time, the car had cab controls that have since been removed.

Former (Amtrak purchased)

This is a partial listing of locomotives and rolling stock formerly operated by Amtrak. This does not include equipment inherited from private railroads (see below).

Locomotives

Builder	Model	Thumbnail	Road numbers	Years of service	Power type
Road power
EMD	SDP40F		500–649	1973–1987	Diesel
GE	P30CH		700–724	1975–1991	Diesel
EMD	F40PH		200–229, 410–415	1976–2003	Diesel
EMD	F40PHR		230–409	1977–2003	Diesel
EMD/Siemens	F69PHAC		450–451	1989–1993	Diesel
GE	E60		950–975	1974–2003	Electric
Bombardier/Alstom	HHP-8		650–664 [o]	1999–2014	Electric
EMD/ASEA	AEM-7		900–953	1978–2016	Electric
EMD	EMD F59PHI		450–470	1998–2019	Diesel
GE	P40DC		800–843	1993-2025	Diesel
Switchers
ALCO	RS-1		44, 46, 47, 59, 62		Diesel
ALCO	RS-3		100–144		Diesel
ALCO	S-2		746		Diesel
EMD	SW1		730–745	1976	Diesel
EMD	SSB1200		550–567	1984–2008	Diesel
EMD	CF7		575–599	1984–2003	Diesel
EMD	GP7		760–762, 769, 771–784		Diesel
EMD	GP9		763–768, 770		Diesel
EMD	GP40		650–664	1991–1993	Diesel
EMD	SW8		1, 3, 747–750		Diesel
GE	45t		7		Diesel
GE	65t		5, 6		Diesel
Railpower	GG20B		599	2006–2008	Diesel

Trainsets

Builder	Model	Image	Road numbers	Years of service	Power type	Notes
ANF	Turboliner		58–69	1973–1995	Gas turbine	Semi-permanently coupled trainset.
Rohr	Turboliner		150–163	1976–2002	Gas turbine	Semi-permanently coupled trainset.
Bombardier	LRC		38, 39 (power cars)	1980–1982	Diesel	Leased by Amtrak, returned to Bombardier. [34]
Talgo	Series VI		7100–7905 (52 cars)	1998–2020	Unpowered (locomotive-hauled)	Five 13-car trainsets for Amtrak Cascades, Two trainsets (Mt. Hood and Mt. Olympus) owned by Amtrak, three (Mt. Adams, Mt. Baker and Mt. Rainier) owned by WSDOT. Mt. Adams trainset destroyed in 2017 Washington train derailment, others retired on recommendation of the NTSB. [35] [36]

Passenger cars

Builder	Model	Thumbnail	Road numbers	Year built	Notes
Pullman	Gallery Car		9600–9624	1958 [37]	Ex-CNW, acquired by Amtrak in 1974. Retired in the 1990s. Several units sold to Florida Fun Train in the 1990s, and now on the Alaska Railroad as Ultra Domes. [37]

Express cars

Amtrak has fielded four different types of specialized cars to support its mail and express business. These included material handling cars (MHCs), roadrailers, express boxcars, and ExpressTrak refrigerator cars. Although express cars are traditionally called "head end" cars; the MHC express boxcars were the only cars equipped with lines for head end power, allowing them to be located between the locomotive and passenger cars. All others were found on the rear of the train, behind the last passenger car. Most of the fleet was retired in 2003 when Amtrak exited the express business, save for parcels carried in baggage cars. ^[38]

Former (inherited)

Locomotives

• 
  EMD E9 "A" and "B" units with the San Joaquin in 1974
• 
  An EMD FP7 leading the San Francisco Zephyr in 1975
• 
  GG1 #904 westbound at Harrison, New Jersey in June 1975
• 
  An EMD FL9 #486 at Grand Central Terminal in 1991
• 
  EMD E8A #315 leading the Illinois Zephyr in 1975

Amtrak inherited numerous locomotives from private railroads on its formation in 1971. Most of these were retired by the end of the decade, if not earlier. These locomotives are enumerated below, with their original owners. ^[39]

Builder	Model	Road numbers	Years of service	Notes
EMD	F3A			Ex-BN, NP
EMD	F3B	155–156	1971–1975	Ex-BN, NP
		660–665		Ex-BN
EMD	F7A	100–107	1971–c. 1977	Ex-BN, NP
EMD	F7B	150–151	1971–c. 1977	Ex-BN, GN
		152–154		Ex-BN, NP
		160–164		Ex-SP
EMD	FP7A	110–123	1971–c. 1975	Ex-SP
EMD	E8A	200–210	1971–c. 1979	Ex-BO
		211–212		Ex-BO, CO
		213–223		Ex-RFP
		224–225		Ex-LN
		226–227		Ex-LN, SLSF
		230–231		Ex-SCL, FWD
		232–237		Ex-SCL, ACL
		238–245		Ex-SCL, ACL, MKT
		246–254		Ex-SCL, SAL
		255–276		Ex-PC, NYC, PRR
		277–324		Ex-PC, PCC
		325–331		Ex-UP
		332–352		Ex-BN, CBQ
		436		Ex-IC
EMD	E8B	370–374	1971–c. 1979	Ex-UP
EMD	E9A	400–403	1971–1980	Ex-BO
		404		Ex-SCL, SAL
		405–410, 434–435		Ex-MILW
		411–433		Ex-UP
EMD	E9B	446, 453–470	1971–1980	Ex-UP
		450–452, 471–472		Ex-MILW
EMD	FL9	231–242 [p]	1971–c. 1996	Dual-mode. Ex-PC, CR, NH
GE	E44	500-507 [40]	1987–1991 [q]	Ex-NJT, Ex-PC, PRR
GE	GG1	900-929	1971–1980	Ex-PC, PRR

Trainsets and multiple units

• 
  Budd RDC #15 on a Black Hawk service in 1975
• 
  Budd Metroliner cab car #880 leading a Metroliner service in 1980

Builder	Model	Road numbers	Original owner	Years of service	Notes
UAC	TurboTrain	50–53	USDOT via NYC, PC	1971–1976	Gas turbine trainset.
Budd	RDC	10–20, 27–29, 36	NH via PC		Diesel multiple unit
		30–32, 40–42	Ex-BN, NP
		34	Ex-PC, NYC
		43	Ex-BN, GN
Budd	Metroliner	800–830, 850–869, 880–889	PC	1971–1988	Electric multiple unit. 860 preserved. Many remain active as de-motored cab cars.

Passenger cars

Main article: Heritage Fleet

The Ocean View, Amtrak's former dome car, on the Cardinal in 2011

Builder	Model	Road numbers	Years of service
Various	Baggage cars	1000 series	1971–2017
Budd Company / American Car & Foundry Pullman Standard / St Louis Car Company	Sleeping cars	2000 series	1971–2007
	Lounge cars	3000 series	1971–2000
	Coach cars	4000–7000 series	1971–2002
	Dining cars	8000 series	1971–2017
Budd Company / American Car & Foundry Pullman Standard	Dome cars	9000 series	1971–2019
Budd Company	Hi-Level cars	9000 series 39000 series	1971–2018

Generator cars

In its early years, Amtrak also rostered some generator cars rebuilt from older locomotives and rolling stock. ^[39]

Original builder	Model (as built)	Type (on Amtrak)	Road numbers	Years of service	Notes
EMD	E8A	Steam generator car	672–676		Ex-Amtrak, [r] PC, PRR
ACF	Baggage car	Head-end power car	693–696	Mid-late 1970s	Ex-PC, NYC
St. Louis	Kitchen car		1300, 1304–1307 [s]		Ex-US Army
PS	Coach		1297–1299 [t]		Ex-UP
EMD	F3B	Steam generator car	1910–1915 [u]	1971–1975	Ex-BN, NP
	E9B		1916–1921 [v]		Ex-Amtrak, [r] ex-UP

See also

• Amtrak paint schemes
• Budd SPV-2000, Connecticut-owned diesel multiple units which Amtrak operated in the 1980s–1990s

Notes

1. Renumbered from 737 in January 2024. The number 737 is now used by a GP38-3. ^[4]
2. Originally built as GMD GP40TC locomotives for GO Transit. ^[5] They were acquired by Amtrak in 1988, ^[6] and rebuilt to GP38H-3 locomotives in 2005 by the Altoona Works ^[7]
3. Upgraded to GP38-3 standards by Progress Rail 2022–2023 ^[8]
4. Originally built as Budd Metroliner electric multiple units; converted to control cars from 1987 to 1988
5. Originally built as EMD F40PH locomotives; converted into Non-Powered Control Units (NPCUs) from 1996 to 2007, ^[12] except for Amtrak 406, which was converted in 2011. ^[13] 406 would later be renumbered to 90406 in 2023 to avoid duplicate numbering with the ALC-42 locomotives.
6. 9750 was originally built as HHP-8 #661, renumbered 691 upon retirement. Converted between 2021 and 2023. ^[14]
7. 9700 was originally built as Amtrak 184, a GE P42DC. ^{[15] [16]} It was converted into a P42C in 2024, and it will be the first of 20 P42Cs. ^[16]
8. Originally built for Penn Central Transportation Company and NJDOT as Arrow I electric multiple units. They were converted to Comet IB locomotive-hauled coaches by Morrison–Knudsen from 1987 to 1988, for use by NJ Transit Rail Operations. ^[17] These cars were purchased by Caltrans in 2008, ^[18] and after a second rebuild, entered service on the San Joaquins in 2013. ^[19]
9. Originally built for Amtrak as EMD F40PH locomotives; converted to Non-Powered Control Units (NPCUs) in the late-1990s and early-2000s. They were purchased by the Oregon Department of Transportation in 2009, and leased to Amtrak for use on the Amtrak Cascades. ^[20]
10. Originally built for GO Transit rail services as EMD F59PH locomotives; now owned by the North Carolina Department of Transportation, they were converted to Cab Control Units (CCU) in 2019 for use on the Piedmont. ^[20]
11. Single coaches with a traditional gangway at each end. All 20 coaches are in service. ^[20]
12. Married pairs, with a coach attached to a cafe car or a business class car. 34 units delivered, with 25 in service. ^[20]
13. Married pairs, with a coach attached to a combined coach/business class car. 14 units delivered, with 9 in service. ^[20]
14. Married pairs, with a coach attached to a lounge/cafe car. 1 unit delivered, but not yet in service. ^[20]
15. Renumbered to 680-694 upon retirement
16. Later renumbered 480-491.
17. These units were acquired from NJ Transit in 1987, with the intention of using them for Northeast Corridor maintenance of way trains. However, these units never entered service, and were officially retired in 1991, when the GE Dash 8-32BWHs used the 500 series. One unit, ex-Amtrak 502, is now at the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania, restored to its original appearance as PRR 4465. ^[40]
18. Converted from locomotives used by Amtrak
19. Later renumbered to 1290–1295, then to 685–689
20. Later renumbered to 690–692
21. Later renumbered 660–665
22. Later renumbered 666–671

References

1. "Amtrak Five Year Equipment Asset Line Plan" (PDF). Amtrak. January 18, 2019. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
2. "NextGen Acela | Amtrak". www.amtrak.com. Retrieved April 8, 2025.
3. "Amtrak Starts the Process for New Overnight Trains" (Press release). Amtrak. January 19, 2023.
4. "Amtrak By the Numbers: Updates". On Track On Line. May 1, 2020. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
5. Wilson, Jeff (2009). The Model Railroader's Guide to Diesel Locomotives. Kalmbach Publishing. p. 55. ISBN   978-0-89024-761-7.
6. Solomon, Brian (2004). Amtrak. St. Paul, MN: Voyageur Press. p. 106. ISBN   978-0-7603-1765-5.
7. "Amtrak Motive Power Roster". On Track On Line. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
8. "AMTRAK BY THE NUMBERS". On Track On Line. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
9. "Motive Power Roster". On Track On Line. November 1, 2018. Retrieved November 6, 2018.
10. Sutton, Harry; Warner, David. "On Track On Line – Amtrak Motive Power Roster". on-track-on-line.com. Retrieved September 28, 2018.
11. "Amtrak Service Asset Line Plans" (PDF). www.amtrak.com.
12. Simon & Warner 2011, p. 42
13. "Exhibit Train Equipment History". Amtrak. Retrieved August 6, 2016.
14. "News photo: Amtrak HHP8 tests as cab car". December 5, 2023.
15. "On Track On Line – P42 Retirement Status". on-track-on-line.com.
16. Guss, Chris (November 12, 2024). "Amtrak NPCU 'Cabbage' locomotives". Trains . Retrieved January 3, 2025. The first P42DC to be converted was AMTK No. 184, which became P42C No. 9700. These new control cars were modified differently than the original NPCUs, retaining their internal components for weight purposes. The original NPCU fleet didn't have enough ballast applied, which gave the engineer a rougher ride when occupied. AMTK P42C No. 9700 doesn't feature a roll-up door on its sides due to the lack of use of the baggage compartment in the existing NPCU fleet, and because the P42DC has a monoque design in which the carbody is part of the structural support for the entire locomotive. Amtrak is planning for an eventual fleet of 20 P42Cs to cover its needs across its system.
17. Rosenbaum, Joel (1996). NJ Transit Rail Operations. Railpace. ISBN   0-9621541-6-4.
18. San Joaquin Joint Powers Authority/Caltrans. "San Joaquin Rolling Stock Presentation" (PDF). pp. 35–42. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 5, 2013. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
19. "San Joaquin Trains 711 and 718: Operate with Refurbished Equipment" (Press release). Amtrak. Archived from the original on October 24, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
20. Warner, David (November 1, 2018). "On Track On Line – Amtrak Passenger Equipment Roster – Rolling Stock". on-track-on-line.com. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
21. "Amtrak selects Alstom for Northeast Corridor train contract". Railway Gazette International. September 23, 2015. Retrieved September 23, 2015.
22. "Amtrak orders Alstom trains for Northeast Corridor". International Railway Journal. August 26, 2016.
23. "The Next generation of Amtrak High Speed trains". Amtrak. August 26, 2016. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
24. "2025 SJJPA Business Plan Public Review Draft" (PDF). San Joaquin Joint Powers Authority. March 11, 2025. p. 5. Retrieved March 26, 2025.
25. "Top 10 stories of 2023, No. 4: Amtrak's ongoing capacity issues". Trains. December 30, 2023. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
26. Lustig, David. "Avoiding Amtrak Airo Surprises". Trains . Vol. 84, no. January 2024. Kalmbach Media. p. 9.
27. Fender, Keith (September 21, 2022). "California orders 29 hydrogen trains for inter-city services". International Railway Journal. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
28. "California Orders 29 HFC Trains for Intercity Services (UPDATED)". Railway Age. September 27, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
29. Simon & Warner (2011).
30. "AMTK 10001". Archived from the original on February 18, 2015. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
31. "AMTK10003: Acela Inspection Car". Archived from the original on December 4, 2002. Retrieved September 10, 2010.
32. "American View (AMTK 10004)" . Retrieved April 11, 2014.
33. "Search Results – 9800". Railpictures.net. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
34. Simon & Warner (2011), p. 99.
35. Lindblom, Mike (May 22, 2019). "WSDOT to replace its Talgo railcars like those in the 2017 Amtrak crash near DuPont 'as soon as possible'" . Retrieved July 7, 2020.
36. Warner, David (July 1, 2020). "On Track On Line – Amtrak Trainset Roster". on-track-on-line.com. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
37. "Amtrak Photo Archive – the Bi Levels". hebners.net. Retrieved February 8, 2025.
38. Simon & Warner (2011), p. 238.
39. "All-Time Amtrak Diesel Locomotive Roster as of 8-29-90". August 29, 1990. Retrieved November 19, 2011.
40. Schmidt, Brian (June 23, 2023). "Amtrak E44 electric locomotives". Trains . Retrieved July 7, 2024.

• Simon, Elbert; Warner, David C. (2011). Holland, Kevin J. (ed.). Amtrak by the Numbers: A Comprehensive Passenger Car and Motive Power Roster – 1971–2011. Kansas City, Missouri: White River Productions. ISBN   978-1-932804-12-6.

External links

• Amtrak Photo Archives
• Fleet Revitalization Plans, Page 3