The list of International Court of Justice cases includes contentious cases and advisory opinions brought to the International Court of Justice since its creation in 1946. Forming a key part of international law, 195 cases have been entered onto the General List for consideration before the court. [1]
The jurisdiction of the ICJ is limited. Only states have standing to bring a compulsory claim against another state, and then only with the consent of the responding state. However, certain United Nations bodies and agencies such as the UN General Assembly have the power to submit questions for advisory opinions. [2] [3] Although these advisory opinions are not binding under international law, they do provide the ICJ's interpretation of what international law is. [4]
The list is organized by and includes only those disputes assigned a General List number by the registrar of the court. In the early days of the court, any formally correct application was accepted by the registrar and entered on to the General List. [5] If there was no jurisdiction (because of lack of consent by the responding party), the case was soon closed by the court. In 1978, however, the Court amended its rules and instructed the registrar to only enter a case on the General List if there was consent by the responding party, [6] seemingly reducing the problem of meritless applications. [7] However, at times consent and therefore jurisdiction is contested by the responding party. Such a case may be ordered to be added to the General List over the protestations of the respondent to allow the court to decide whether there is consent. [8] In such a situation, however, the mere addition of a dispute to the General List does not have legal significance. [9]
No. | Name | Applicant | Respondent | Case began | Case ended | Disposition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Corfu Channel Case | United Kingdom | Albania | 22 May 1947 [10] | 9 April 1949 [11] | Judgment on Merits |
2 | General List Number 2 assigned to some elements of Corfu Channel Case [12] | |||||
3 | Conditions of Admission of a State to Membership in the United Nations | United Nations General Assembly | 24 November 1947 [13] | 9 April 1949 [14] | Opinion on Merits | |
4 | Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations | United Nations General Assembly | 7 December 1948 [15] | 11 April 1949 [16] | Opinion on Merits | |
5 | Fisheries Case | United Kingdom | Norway | 28 September 1949 [17] | 18 December 1951 [18] | Judgment on Merits |
6 | Case Concerning the Protection of French Nationals and Protected Persons in Egypt | France | Egypt | 13 October 1949 [19] | 29 March 1950 [20] | Discontinued |
7 | Asylum Case | Colombia Peru | 15 October 1949 [21] | 20 November 1950 [22] | Judgment on Merits | |
8 | Interpretation of Peace Treaties with Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania | United Nations General Assembly | 31 October 1949 [23] | 18 July 1950 [24] | Opinion on Merits | |
9 | Competence of the General Assembly for the Admission of a State to the United Nations | United Nations General Assembly | 28 November 1949 [25] | 3 March 1950 [26] | Opinion on Merits | |
10 | International Status of South West Africa | United Nations General Assembly | 27 December 1949 [27] | 11 July 1950 [28] | Opinion on Merits | |
11 | Rights of Nationals of the United States of America in Morocco | France | United States | 28 October 1950 [29] | 27 August 1952 [30] | Judgment on Merits |
12 | Reservations to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide | United Nations General Assembly | 20 November 1950 [31] | 28 May 1951 [32] | Opinion on Merits | |
13 | Request for Interpretation of the Judgment of 20 November 1950 in the Asylum Case | Colombia | Peru | 20 November 1950 [33] | 27 November 1950 [34] | Judgment on Admissibility |
14 | Haya de la Torre | Colombia | Peru | 13 December 1950 [35] | 19 May 1953 [36] | Judgment on Merits |
15 | Ambatielos Case | Greece | United Kingdom | 9 April 1951 [37] | 19 May 1953 [37] | Judgment on Merits |
16 | Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. | United Kingdom | Iran | 26 May 1951 [38] | 22 July 1952 [39] | Judgment on Jurisdiction |
17 | Minquiers and Ecrehos Case | France United Kingdom | 5 December 1951 [40] | 17 November 1953 [41] | Judgment on Merits | |
18 | Nottebohm Case | Liechtenstein | Guatemala | 17 December 1951 [42] | 6 April 1955 [43] | Judgment on Merits |
19 | Monetary Gold Removed from Rome in 1943 | Italy | France United Kingdom United States | 19 May 1953 [44] | 15 June 1954 [45] | Judgment on Jurisdiction |
20 | Electricite de Beyrouth Company Case | France | Lebanon | 15 August 1953 [46] | 29 July 1954 [47] | Case Dismissed |
21 | Effect of Awards of Compensation Made by the United Nations Administrative Tribunal | United Nations General Assembly | 21 December 1953 [48] | 13 July 1954 [49] | Opinion on Merits | |
22 | Treatment in Hungary of Aircraft and Crew of the United States (United States v. Hungary) | United States | Hungary | 3 March 1954 [50] [51] | 12 July 1954 [52] [53] | Discontinued |
23 | Treatment in Hungary of Aircraft and Crew of the United States (United States v. Soviet Union) | Soviet Union | ||||
24 | Voting Procedure on Questions relating to Reports and Petitions concerning the Territory of South West Africa | United Nations General Assembly | 6 December 1954 [54] | 7 June 1955 [55] | Opinion on Merits | |
25 | Aerial Incident of 10 March 1953 | United States | Czechoslovakia | 29 March 1955 [56] | 14 March 1956 [57] | Discontinued |
26 | Antarctica (United Kingdom v. Argentina) | United Kingdom | Argentina | 4 May 1955 [58] [59] | 16 March 1956 [60] [61] | Discontinued |
27 | Antarctica (United Kingdom v. Chile) | Chile | ||||
28 | Aerial Incident of 7 October 1952 | United States | Soviet Union | 2 June 1955 [62] | 14 March 1956 [63] | Discontinued |
29 | Certain Norwegian Loans | France | Norway | 6 July 1955 [64] | 6 July 1957 [65] | Judgment on Merits |
30 | Judgements of the Administrative Tribunal of the ILO upon Complaints made against UNESCO | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization | 2 December 1955 [66] | 23 October 1956 [67] | Opinion on Merits | |
31 | Admissibility of Hearings of Petitioners by the Committee on South West Africa | United Nations General Assembly | 19 December 1955 [68] | 1 June 1956 [69] | Opinion on Merits | |
32 | Right of Passage over Indian Territory | Portugal | India | 22 December 1955 [70] | 12 April 1960 [71] | Judgment on Merits |
33 | Application of the Convention of 1902 Governing the Guardianship of Infants | Netherlands | Sweden | 10 July 1957 [72] | 28 November 1958 [73] | Judgment on Merits |
34 | Interhandel Case | Switzerland | United States | 2 October 1957 [74] | 21 March 1959 [75] | Judgment on Jurisdiction |
35 | Aerial Incident of 27 July 1955 | Israel | Bulgaria | 16 October 1957 [76] | 26 May 1959 [77] | Judgment on Jurisdiction |
36 | United States | 28 October 1957 [78] | 30 May 1960 [79] | Discontinued | ||
37 | United Kingdom | 22 November 1957 [80] | 3 August 1959 [81] | |||
38 | Sovereignty over Certain Frontier Land | Belgium Netherlands | 27 November 1957 [82] | 20 June 1959 [83] | Judgment on Merits | |
39 | Arbitral Award Made by the King of Spain on 23 December 1906 | Honduras | Nicaragua | 1 July 1958 [84] | 18 November 1960 [85] | Judgment on Merits |
40 | Aerial Incident of 4 September 1954 | United States | Soviet Union | 22 August 1958 [86] | 9 December 1958 [87] | Discontinued |
41 | Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company | Belgium | Spain | 23 September 1958 [88] | 10 April 1961 [89] | Discontinued |
42 | Compagnie du Port, des Quais et des Entrepôts de Beyrouth and Société Radio-Orient (France v. Lebanon) | France | Lebanon | 13 February 1959 [90] | 31 August 1960 [91] | Discontinued |
43 | Constitution of the Maritime Safety Committee of the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization | International Maritime Organization | 25 March 1959 [92] | 8 June 1960 [93] | Opinion on Merits | |
44 | Aerial Incident of 7 November 1954 | United States | Soviet Union | 8 July 1957 [94] | 7 October 1959 [95] | Discontinued |
45 | Preah Vihear Temple | Cambodia | Thailand | 6 October 1959 [96] | 15 June 1962 [97] | Judgment on Merits |
46 | South West Africa (Ethiopia v. South Africa) | Ethiopia | South Africa | 4 November 1960 [98] [99] | 18 July 1966 [100] [101] | Judgment on Merits |
47 | South West Africa (Liberia v. South Africa) | Liberia | ||||
48 | Northern Cameroons | Cameroon | United Kingdom | 30 May 1961 [102] | 2 December 1963 [103] | Judgment on Jurisdiction |
49 | Certain Expenses of the United Nations | United Nations General Assembly | 21 December 1961 [104] | 20 July 1962 [105] | Opinion on Merits | |
50 | Barcelona Traction, Light, and Power Company (New Application: 1962) | Belgium | Spain | 19 June 1962 [106] | 5 February 1970 [107] | Judgment on Merits |
51 | North Sea Continental Shelf cases | Denmark West Germany | 20 February 1967 [108] | 20 February 1969 [109] | Joined proceedings [110] Judgment on Merits | |
52 | Netherlands West Germany | |||||
53 | Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia (South West Africa) notwithstanding Security Council Resolution 276 | United Nations Security Council | 5 August 1970 [111] | 21 June 1971 [112] | Opinion on Merits | |
54 | Appeal Relating to the Jurisdiction of the ICAO Council | India | Pakistan | 30 August 1971 [113] | 18 August 1972 | Judgment on Jurisdiction |
55 | Fisheries Jurisdiction (Germany v. Iceland) | West Germany | Iceland | 5 June 1972 [114] | 25 July 1974 [115] | Judgment on Merits |
56 | Fisheries Jurisdiction (United Kingdom v. Iceland) | United Kingdom | 14 April 1972 [116] | |||
57 | Application for Review of Judgement No. 158 of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal | United Nations Administrative Tribunal | 3 July 1972 [117] | 12 July 1973 [118] | Opinion on Merits | |
58 | Nuclear Tests Case (Australia v. France) | Australia | France | 9 May 1973 [119] | 20 December 1974 [120] | Judgment on Jurisdiction |
59 | Nuclear Tests Case (New Zealand v. France) | New Zealand | ||||
60 | Trial of Pakistani Prisoners of War | Pakistan | India | 11 May 1973 [121] | 15 December 1973 [122] | Discontinued |
61 | Western Sahara | United Nations General Assembly | 21 December 1974 [123] | 16 October 1975 [124] | Opinion on Merits | |
62 | Aegean Sea Continental Shelf Case | Greece | Turkey | 10 August 1976 [125] | 19 December 1978 | Judgment on Jurisdiction |
63 | Continental Shelf (Tunisia/Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) | Libya Tunisia | 1 December 1978 [126] | 24 February 1982 | Judgment on Merits | |
64 | United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran | United States | Iran | 29 November 1979 [127] | 24 May 1980 [128] | Judgment on Merits |
65 | Interpretation of the Agreement of 25 March 1951 between the WHO and Egypt | World Health Organization | 28 May 1980 [129] | 20 December 1980 [130] | Opinion on Merits | |
66 | Application for Review of Judgement No. 273 of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal | United Nations Administrative Tribunal | 28 July 1981 | 20 July 1982 | Opinion on Merits | |
67 | Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Maine Area | Canada United States | 25 November 1981 [131] | 12 October 1984 | Judgment on Merits | |
68 | Continental Shelf (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya/Malta) | Libya Malta | 26 July 1982 | 3 June 1985 | Judgment on Merits | |
69 | Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso/Republic of Mali) | Mali Upper Volta | 16 September 1983 | 22 December 1986 | Judgment on Merits | |
70 | Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua | Nicaragua | United States | 9 April 1984 [132] | 27 June 1986 [133] | Judgment on Merits |
71 | Application for Revision and Interpretation of the Judgment of 24 February 1982 in the Case concerning the Continental Shelf (Tunisia/Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) | Tunisia | Libya | 27 July 1984 [134] | 10 December 1985 [135] | Judgment on Merits |
72 | Application for Review of Judgement No. 333 of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal | United Nations Administrative Tribunal | 10 September 1984 [136] | 27 May 1987 [137] | Opinion on Merits | |
73 | Border and Transborder Armed Actions (Nicaragua v. Costa Rica) | Nicaragua | Costa Rica | 28 July 1986 [138] [139] | 19 August 1987 [140] | Discontinued |
74 | Border and Transborder Armed Actions (Nicaragua v. Honduras) | Honduras | 20 December 1988 [141] | Judgment on Jurisdiction | ||
75 | Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute | El Salvador Honduras | 11 December 1986 [142] | 11 September 1992 [143] | Judgment on Merits | |
Nicaragua (int.) | ||||||
76 | Elettronica Sicula S.p.A. (ELSI) | United States | Italy | 6 February 1987 [144] | 20 July 1989 [145] | Judgment on Merits |
77 | Applicability of the Obligation to Arbitrate under Section 21 of the United Nations Headquarters Agreement of 26 June 1947 | United Nations General Assembly | 7 March 1988 [146] | 26 April 1988 [147] | Opinion on Merits | |
78 | Maritime Delimitation in the Area Between Greenland and Jan Mayen | Denmark | Norway | 16 August 1988 [148] | 14 June 1993 [149] | Judgment on Merits |
79 | Aerial Incident of 3 July 1988 | Iran | United States | 17 May 1989 [150] | 22 February 1996 [151] | Discontinued |
80 | Certain Phosphate Lands in Nauru | Nauru | Australia | 19 May 1989 [152] | 13 September 1993 [153] | Discontinued |
81 | Applicability of Article VI, Section 22, of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization | 13 June 1989 | 15 December 1989 | Opinion on Merits | |
82 | Arbitral Award of 31 July 1989 | Guinea-Bissau | Senegal | 23 August 1989 [154] | 12 November 1991 [155] | Judgment on Merits |
83 | Territorial Dispute (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya/Chad) | Chad Libya | 31 August 1990 [156] | 3 February 1994 [157] | Judgment on Merits | |
84 | East Timor | Portugal | Australia | 22 February 1991 [158] | 30 June 1995 [159] | Judgment on Jurisdiction |
85 | Maritime Delimitation between Guinea-Bissau and Senegal | Guinea-Bissau | Senegal | 12 March 1991 [160] | 8 November 1995 [161] | Discontinued |
86 | Passage through the Great Belt | Finland | Denmark | 17 May 1991 [162] | 10 September 1992 [163] | Discontinued |
87 | Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain | Qatar | Bahrain | 8 July 1991 [164] | 16 March 2001 [165] | Judgment on Merits |
88 | Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention arising from the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. United Kingdom) | Libya | United Kingdom | 3 March 1992 [166] [167] | 10 September 2003 [168] [169] | Discontinued |
89 | Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention arising from the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. United States of America) | United States | ||||
90 | Oil Platforms (Islamic Republic of Iran v United States of America) | Iran | United States | 2 November 1992 [170] | 6 November 2003 [171] | Judgment on Merits |
91 | Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Yugoslavia | 20 March 1993 [172] | 26 February 2007 [173] | Judgment on Merits |
92 | Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros Project | Hungary Slovakia | 2 July 1993 [174] | – | In progress [175] | |
93 | Legality of the Use by a State of Nuclear Weapons in Armed Conflict | World Health Organization | 3 September 1993 [176] | 8 July 1996 [177] | Opinion on Merits | |
94 | Land and Maritime Boundary Between Cameroon and Nigeria | Cameroon | Nigeria | 29 March 1996 [178] | 10 October 2002 [179] | Judgment on Merits |
Equatorial Guinea (int.) | ||||||
95 | Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons | United Nations General Assembly | 6 January 1995 [180] | 8 July 1996 [181] | Opinion on Merits | |
96 | Fisheries Jurisdiction (Spain v. Canada) | Spain | Canada | 28 March 1995 [182] | 4 December 1998 [183] | Judgment on Jurisdiction |
97 | Request for an Examination of the Situation in Accordance with Paragraph 63 of the Court's Judgment of 20 December 1974 in the Nuclear Tests | New Zealand | France | 21 August 1995 [184] | 22 September 1995 [185] | Dismissed |
98 | Kasikili/Sedudu Island | Botswana Namibia | 29 May 1996 | 13 December 1999 | Judgment on Merits | |
99 | Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (Paraguay v. United States of America) | Paraguay | United States | 3 April 1998 [186] | 10 November 1998 [187] | Discontinued |
100 | Difference Relating to Immunity from Legal Process of a Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights | United Nations Economic and Social Council | 10 August 1998 [188] | 29 April 1999 [189] | Opinion on Merits | |
101 | Request for Interpretation of the Judgment of 11 June 1998 | Nigeria | Cameroon | 28 October 1998 [190] | 25 March 1999 [191] | Judgment on Admissibility |
102 | Sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan | Indonesia Malaysia | 2 November 1998 [192] | 17 December 2002 [193] | Judgment on Merits | |
103 | Ahmadou Sadio Diallo | Guinea | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 28 December 1998 [194] | 19 June 2012 [195] | Judgment on Merits |
104 | LaGrand | Germany | United States | 2 March 1999 [196] | 27 June 2001 [197] | Judgment on Merits |
105 | Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. Belgium) | Yugoslavia | Belgium | 29 April 1999 [198] | 15 December 2004 | Judgment on Jurisdiction |
106 | Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. Canada) | Canada | ||||
107 | Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. France) | France | ||||
108 | Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. Germany) | Germany | ||||
109 | Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. Italy) | Italy | ||||
110 | Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. Netherlands) | Netherlands | ||||
111 | Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. Portugal) | Portugal | ||||
113 | Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. United Kingdom) | United Kingdom | ||||
112 | Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. Spain) | Spain | 2 June 1999 | Discontinued | ||
114 | Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. United States of America) | United States | ||||
115 | Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Burundi) | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Burundi | 23 June 1999 [199] [200] [201] | 30 January 2001 [202] [203] | Discontinued |
117 | Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Rwanda) | Rwanda | ||||
116 | Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda) | Uganda | 9 February 2022 [204] | Judgment on Merits | ||
118 | Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Croatia v. Serbia) | Croatia | Serbia | 2 July 1999 [205] | 3 February 2015 [206] | Judgment on Merits |
119 | Aerial Incident of 10 August 1999 | Pakistan | India | 21 September 1999 [207] | 21 June 2000 [208] | Judgment on Jurisdiction |
120 | Territorial and Maritime Dispute between Nicaragua and Honduras in the Caribbean Sea | Nicaragua | Honduras | 8 December 1999 [209] | 8 October 2007 [210] | Judgement on Merits |
121 | Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Belgium | 17 October 2000 [211] | 14 February 2002 [212] | Judgment on Merits |
122 | Application for the Revision of the Judgment of 11 July 1996 in the Case concerning Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide | Yugoslavia | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 24 April 2001 [213] | 3 February 2003 [214] | Judgment on Admissibility |
123 | Certain Property (Liechtenstein v. Germany) | Liechtenstein | Germany | 1 June 2001 [215] | 10 February 2005 [216] | Judgment on Jurisdiction |
124 | Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia) | Nicaragua | Colombia | 6 December 2001 [217] | 19 November 2012 [218] | Judgment on Merits |
125 | Frontier Dispute (Benin/Niger) | Benin Niger | 11 April 2002 [219] | 12 July 2005 [220] | Judgement on Merits | |
126 | Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (New Application: 2002) (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Rwanda) | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Rwanda | 28 May 2002 [221] | 3 February 2006 [222] | Judgment on Jurisdiction |
127 | Application for Revision of the Judgment of 11 September 1992 in the Case concerning the Land, Island And Maritime Frontier Dispute | El Salvador | Honduras | 10 September 2002 [223] | 18 December 2003 [224] | Judgment on Admissibility |
128 | Avena and Other Mexican Nationals | Mexico | United States | 9 January 2003 [225] | 31 March 2004 [226] | Judgment on Merits |
129 | Certain Criminal Proceedings in France | Republic of the Congo | France | 11 April 2003 [227] | 16 November 2010 [228] | Discontinued |
130 | Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge | Malaysia Singapore | 24 July 2003 [229] | 23 May 2008 [230] | Opinion on Merits | |
131 | Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory | United Nations General Assembly | 10 December 2003 [231] | 7 July 2004 [232] | Opinion on Merits | |
132 | Maritime Delimitation in the Black Sea | Romania | Ukraine | 16 September 2004 [233] | 3 February 2009 [234] | Judgement on Merits |
133 | Dispute regarding Navigational and Related Rights | Costa Rica | Nicaragua | 29 September 2005 [235] | 13 July 2009 [236] | Judgement on Merits |
134 | Status vis-à-vis the Host State of a Diplomatic Envoy to the United Nations | Dominica | Switzerland | 26 April 2006 [237] | 9 June 2006 [238] | Discontinued |
135 | Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay | Argentina | Uruguay | 4 May 2006 [239] | 20 April 2010 [240] | Judgement on Merits |
136 | Certain Questions of Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters | Djibouti | France | 9 August 2006 [241] | 4 June 2008 [242] | Judgement on Merrits |
137 | Maritime Dispute (Peru v. Chile) | Peru | Chile | 16 January 2008 [243] | 27 January 2014 [244] | Judgement on Merits |
138 | Aerial Herbicide Spraying | Ecuador | Colombia | 31 March 2008 [245] | 13 September 2013 [246] | Discontinued |
139 | Request for Interpretation of the Judgment of 31 March 2004 in the Case concerning Avena and Other Mexican Nationals | Mexico | United States | 5 June 2008 [247] | 19 January 2009 [248] | Judgement on Merits |
140 | Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination | Georgia | Russia | 12 August 2008 [249] | 1 April 2011 [250] | Judgment on Jurisdiction |
141 | Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo | United Nations General Assembly | 10 October 2008 [251] | 22 July 2010 [252] | Opinion on Merits | |
142 | Application of the Interim Accord of 13 September 1995 | FYROM | Greece | 17 November 2008 [253] | 5 December 2011 [254] | Judgement on Merits |
143 | Jurisdictional Immunities of the State | Germany | Italy | 23 December 2008 [255] | 3 February 2012 [256] | Judgment on Merits |
Greece (int.) | ||||||
144 | Questions relating to the Obligation to Prosecute or Extradite | Belgium | Senegal | 19 February 2009 [257] | 20 July 2012 [258] | Judgment on Merits |
145 | Jurisdiction and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters | Belgium | Switzerland | 21 December 2009 [259] | 5 April 2011 [260] | Discontinued |
146 | Judgment No.2867 of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization | International Fund for Agricultural Development | 26 April 2010 [261] | 1 February 2012 [262] | Opinion on Merits | |
147 | Certain questions concerning diplomatic relations | Honduras | Brazil | 28 October 2009 [263] | 12 May 2010 [264] | Discontinued |
148 | Whaling in the Antarctic | Australia | Japan | 31 May 2010 [265] | 31 March 2014 [266] | Judgment on Merits |
New Zealand (int.) | ||||||
149 | Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso/Niger) | Burkina Faso Niger | 21 July 2010 [267] | 16 April 2013 [268] | Judgment on Merits | |
150 | Certain Activities carried out by Nicaragua in the Border Area | Costa Rica | Nicaragua | 18 November 2010 [269] | 2 February 2018 [270] | Joined proceedings [271] Judgment on Merits |
152 | Construction of a Road in Costa Rica along the San Juan River | Nicaragua | Costa Rica | 22 December 2011 [272] | ||
151 | Request for Interpretation of Temple of Preah Vihear Case | Cambodia | Thailand | 28 April 2011 [273] | 11 November 2013 [274] | Judgment on Merits |
153 | Obligation to Negotiate Access to the Pacific Ocean | Bolivia | Chile | 24 April 2013 [275] | 1 October 2018 [276] | Judgment on Merits |
154 | Delimitation of the Continental Shelf | Nicaragua | Colombia | 16 September 2013 [277] | 13 July 2023 [278] | Judgment on Merits |
155 | Alleged Violations of Sovereign Rights | Nicaragua | Colombia | 27 November 2013 [279] | 21 April 2022 [280] | Judgment on Merits |
156 | Seizure of Certain Documents and Data | Timor-Leste | Australia | 17 December 2013 [281] | 11 June 2015 | Discontinued |
157 | Maritime Delimitation in the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean | Costa Rica | Nicaragua | 25 February 2014 | 2 February 2018 [282] | Judgment on Merits |
158 | Obligations concerning Negotiations relating to Cessation of the Nuclear Arms Race and to Nuclear Disarmament (Marshall Islands v. India) | Marshall Islands | India | 24 April 2014 [283] [284] [285] | 5 October 2016 [286] [287] [288] | Judgement on Jurisdiction |
159 | Obligations concerning Negotiations relating to Cessation of the Nuclear Arms Race and to Nuclear Disarmament (Marshall Islands v. Pakistan) | Pakistan | ||||
160 | Obligations concerning Negotiations relating to Cessation of the Nuclear Arms Race and to Nuclear Disarmament (Marshall Islands v. United Kingdom) | United Kingdom | ||||
161 | Maritime Delimitation in the Indian Ocean | Somalia | Kenya | 28 August 2014 [289] | 12 October 2021 [290] | Judgment on Merits |
162 | Dispute over the Status and Use of the Waters of the Silala | Chile | Bolivia | 6 June 2016 [291] | 1 December 2022 [292] | Judgment on Merits |
163 | Immunities and Criminal Proceedings | Equatorial Guinea | France | 13 June 2016 [293] | 11 December 2020 [294] | Judgment on Merits |
164 | Certain Iranian Assets | Iran | United States | 14 June 2016 [295] | 30 March 2023 [296] | Judgment on Merits |
165 | Land Boundary in the Northern Part of Isla Portillos | Costa Rica | Nicaragua | 16 January 2017 [297] | 2 February 2018 [282] | Judgment on Merits |
166 | Application of the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism and of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination | Ukraine | Russia | 16 January 2017 [298] | 31 January 2024 [299] | Judgment on Merits |
167 | Application for revision of the Judgment of 23 May 2008 in the case concerning Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore) | Malaysia | Singapore | 2 February 2017 [300] | 29 May 2018 [301] | Discontinued |
168 | Jadhav | India | Pakistan | 15 May 2017 [302] | 17 July 2019 [303] | Judgment on Merits |
169 | Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965 | United Nations General Assembly | 23 June 2017 [304] | 25 February 2019 [305] | Opinion on Merits | |
170 | Request for Interpretation of the Judgment of 23 May 2008 in the case concerning Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore) | Malaysia | Singapore | 30 June 2017 [306] | 29 May 2018 [307] | Discontinued |
171 | Arbitral Award of 3 October 1899 | Guyana | Venezuela | 19 March 2018 [308] | – | In progress |
172 | Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Qatar v. United Arab Emirates) | Qatar | United Arab Emirates | 15 June 2018 [309] | 4 February 2021 [310] | Judgment on Jurisdiction |
173 | Appeal Relating to the Jurisdiction of the ICAO Council under Article 84 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation | Bahrain Egypt Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates | Qatar | 4 July 2018 [311] [312] | 14 July 2020 [313] [314] | Judgment on Merits |
174 | Appeal Relating to the Jurisdiction of the ICAO Council under Article II, Section 2, of the 1944 International Air Services Transit Agreement | Bahrain Egypt United Arab Emirates | ||||
175 | Alleged violations of the 1955 Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations, and Consular Rights | Iran | United States | 16 July 2018 | 30 March 2023 [315] | Judgment on Merits |
176 | Relocation of the United States Embassy to Jerusalem | Palestine | United States | 28 September 2018 | – | In progress |
177 | Guatemala's Territorial, Insular and Maritime Claim | Belize Guatemala | 7 June 2019 [316] | – | In progress | |
178 | Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (The Gambia v. Myanmar) | Gambia | Myanmar | 11 November 2019 [317] | – | In progress |
179 | Land and Maritime Delimitation and Sovereignty over Islands | Gabon Equatorial Guinea | 5 March 2021 [318] | – | In progress | |
180 | Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination | Armenia | Azerbaijan | 16 September 2021 [319] | – | In progress |
181 | Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination | Azerbaijan | Armenia | 23 September 2021 [320] | – | In progress |
182 | Allegations of Genocide under the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide | Ukraine | Russia | 26 February 2022 [321] | – | In progress |
32 other states (int.) [lower-alpha 1] | ||||||
183 | Questions of Jurisdictional Immunities of the State and Measures of Constraint against State-Owned Property | Germany | Italy | 29 April 2022 [322] | – | In progress |
184 | Request relating to the Return of Property Confiscated in Criminal Proceedings | Equatorial Guinea | France | 29 September 2022 [323] | – | In progress |
185 | Sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes | Belize | Honduras | 16 November 2022 [324] | – | In progress |
186 | Legal consequences arising from the policies and practices of Israel in the occupied Palestinian territory including East Jerusalem | United Nations General Assembly | 19 January 2023 [325] [326] | 19 July 2024 [325] [327] | Opinion on Merits | |
187 | Obligations of States in respect of climate change | United Nations General Assembly | 12 April 2023 [328] | – | In progress | |
188 | Application of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment | Canada Netherlands | Syria | 8 June 2023 [329] | – | In progress |
189 | Alleged Violations of State Immunities | Iran | Canada | 27 June 2023 [330] | – | In progress |
190 | Aerial Incident of 8 January 2020 | Canada Sweden Ukraine United Kingdom | Iran | 4 July 2023 [331] | – | In progress |
191 | Right to Strike under ILO Convention No. 87 | International Labour Organization | 10 November 2023 [332] | – | In progress | |
192 | Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in the Gaza Strip | South Africa | Israel | 29 December 2023 [333] | – | In progress |
193 | Alleged Breaches of Certain International Obligations in Respect of the Occupied Palestinian Territory | Nicaragua | Germany | 1 March 2024 [334] | - | In progress |
194 | Embassy of Mexico in Quito | Mexico | Ecuador | 11 April 2024 [335] | - | In progress |
195 | Proceedings instituted by Ecuador against Mexico on 29 April 2024 | Ecuador | Mexico | 29 April 2024 [336] | - | In progress |
The International Court of Justice, or colloquially the World Court, is the only international court that adjudicates general disputes between nations, and gives advisory opinions on international legal issues. It is one of the six organs of the United Nations (UN), and is located in The Hague, Netherlands.
The Republic of Nicaragua v. The United States of America (1986) was a case where the International Court of Justice (ICJ) held that the U.S. had violated international law by supporting the Contras in their rebellion against the Sandinistas and by mining Nicaragua's harbors. The case was decided in favor of Nicaragua and against the United States with the awarding of reparations to Nicaragua.
Bajo Nuevo Bank, also known as the Petrel Islands, is a small, uninhabited reef with some small grass-covered islets, located in the western Caribbean Sea at 15°53′N78°38′W, with a lighthouse on Low Cay at 15°51′N78°38′W. The closest neighboring land feature is Serranilla Bank, located 110 kilometres to the west.
Pedra Branca, also known as Batu Putih, is an outlying island and the easternmost point of Singapore. The name of the island, which is Portuguese for "white rock", refers to whitish guano deposited on the rock. The island consists of a small outcrop of granite rocks with an area of about 8,560 square metres (92,100 sq ft) at low tide. During the low water spring tide it measures, at its longest, 137 metres (449 ft) and has an average width of 60 metres (200 ft). Pedra Branca is situated at 1°19′48″N104°24′27″E, where the Singapore Strait meets the South China Sea.
The Bosnian genocide took place during the Bosnian War of 1992–1995 and included both the Srebrenica massacre and the wider crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing campaign perpetrated throughout areas controlled by the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS). The events in Srebrenica in 1995 included the killing of more than 8,000 Bosniak men and boys, as well as the mass expulsion of another 25000–30000 Bosniak civilians by VRS units under the command of General Ratko Mladić.
The International Court of Justice has jurisdiction in two types of cases: contentious cases between states in which the court produces binding rulings between states that agree, or have previously agreed, to submit to the ruling of the court; and advisory opinions, which provide reasoned, but non-binding, rulings on properly submitted questions of international law, usually at the request of the United Nations General Assembly. Advisory opinions do not have to concern particular controversies between states, though they often do.
Bosnia and Herzegovina v Serbia and Montenegro [2007] ICJ 2 is a public international law case decided by the International Court of Justice.
Sir Christopher John Greenwood is Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge and a former British judge at the International Court of Justice. Prior to his election, he was professor of international law at the London School of Economics and a barrister who regularly appeared as counsel before the International Court of Justice, the European Court of Human Rights, the English courts, and other tribunals.
Stephen Myron Schwebel, is an American jurist and international judge, counsel and arbitrator. He previously served as judge of the World Bank Administrative Tribunal (2010–2017), as a member of the U.S. National Group at the Permanent Court of Arbitration, as president of the International Monetary Fund Administrative Tribunal (1993–2010), as president of the International Court of Justice (1997–2000), as vice president of the International Court of Justice (1994–1997), and as Judge of the International Court of Justice (1981–2000). Prior to his tenure on the ICJ, Schwebel served as deputy legal adviser to the U.S. Department of State (1974–1981) and as assistant legal adviser to the U.S. Department of State (1961–1967). He also served as a professor of law at Harvard Law School (1959–1961) and Johns Hopkins University (1967–1981). Schwebel is noted for his expansive opinions in momentous cases such as Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua and Oil Platforms .
The Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory of 9 July 2004 is an advisory opinion issued by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in relation to the Israeli West Bank barrier.
The Corfu Channel case was the first public international law case heard before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) between 1947 and 1949, concerning state responsibility for damages at sea, as well as the doctrine of innocent passage. A contentious case, it was the first of any type heard by the ICJ after its establishment in 1945.
The Oil Platforms case is a public international law case decided by the International Court of Justice in 2003 in which Iran challenged the U.S. Navy's destruction of three oil platforms in the Persian Gulf in 1987-1988. The Court affirmed that it could exercise jurisdiction over the case based on the 1955 Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights between the United States and Iran but decided with strong majorities against both Iran's claim and the United States' counterclaim.
Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo was a request in 2008 for an advisory opinion referred to the International Court of Justice by the United Nations General Assembly regarding the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence. The territory of Kosovo is the subject of a dispute between Serbia and the Republic of Kosovo established by the declaration. This was the first case regarding a unilateral declaration of independence to be brought before the court.
Alan Vaughan Lowe is a barrister and academic specialising in the field of international law. Chichele Professor of Public International Law in the University of Oxford, and a Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1999–2012; Emeritus Professor of International Law and Emeritus Fellow of All Souls College, University of Oxford, since 2012; visiting professor, University of Chichester, 2024.
Joan E. Donoghue is an American lawyer, international legal scholar, former U.S. State Department official, and former president of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). She was first elected to the court in 2010, re-elected in 2014, and elected by the ICJ judges to be president of the ICJ in 2021. She was the third woman to be elected to the ICJ and the first American woman elected as president of the court.
Giorgio Gaja is an Italian jurist. A scholar in international law, he was elected in 2012 as a judge of the International Court of Justice.
The Namibia exception identifies the advisory opinion issued on 21 June 1971 by the International Court of Justice (I.C.J), the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN). The opinion refers to the "Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia notwithstanding Security Council Resolution 276 (1970)".
Alleged Violations of the 1955 Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations, and Consular Rights is the formal name of a case in the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Iran filed a lawsuit with the Hague-based ICJ against the United States, on 16 July 2018, mainly based on the 1955 Treaty of Amity signed between the two sides on 15 August 1955 and entered into force in 1957, well before the Islamic revolution of Iran. Iranian officials alleged that U.S. re-imposition of the nuclear sanctions was a violation of the treaty. Iran also filed a request for provisional measures. In response, the United States asserted that the lawsuit as "baseless" and vowed to oppose it. Almost a month later, the ICJ heard the provisional measures request. On 3 October 2018, the International Court of Justice issued a provisional measures order requiring the United States "to lift sanctions linked to humanitarian goods and civil aviation imposed against Iran."
Certain Iranian Assets is the formal name of a case in the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The application was lodged by Iran against the United States on 14 June 2016, on grounds of violation of Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights, shortly after Bank Markazi v. Peterson was decided by the United States Supreme Court. The Iranian case seeks the unfreezing and return of nearly $2 billion in assets held in the United States. The case focuses specifically on assets seized from the Iranian national bank, Bank Markazi. These funds were seized to compensate victims of a 1983 suicide bombing of a Marine Corps base in Beirut, Lebanon, which has been tied to Iran. The attack killed more than 300 and injured many more, including U.S. military members. Iran has argued in the case that, among other things, the United States has failed to accord Iran and Iranian state-owned companies, and their property, sovereign immunity, and failed to recognize the juridical separateness of Iranian state-owned companies.
Legal Consequences arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, was a proceeding before the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the highest legal body of the United Nations (UN), stemming from a resolution adopted by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in December 2022 requesting the Court to render an advisory opinion relating to the legality of the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories.
the previous [pre 1978] procedure, of entering that type of case on the general list was inconvenient. Cases which had no chance of being examined on their substance were entered on the list.
Cases which had no chance of being examined on their substance were entered on the list . . . Paragraph 5 remedies that situation.
before and decision can be given on a pre-judicial question of whether the Court has been seised of a case . . . an appropriate entry must be made on the General List.
the fact that such an entry is made has no effect whatsoever on the basic question of whether the Court is seized of a case or whether or not it has jurisdiction.
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: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link).Note from the Secretary General of the United Nations to the Registrar], 24 November 1949.