List of United States Senate elections (1788–1913)

Last updated

Key:
AJ# Anti-Jacksonian
A# Anti–Administration
C# Conservative
D# Democratic
DR# Democratic–Republican
F# Federalist
FL# Farmer–Labor
FS# Free Soil
I#Independent
ID# Independent Democratic
J# Jacksonian
KN# Know Nothing
N# Nullifier
P# Pro-Administration
Pg# Progressive
RA# Readjuster
R# Republican
U# Unionist
UU# Unconditional Unionist
V#Vacant

1788 and 1789 elections

These were the first Senate elections, which coincided with the election of President George Washington. As of this election, formal organized political parties had yet to form in the United States, but two political factions were present: The coalition of senators who supported George Washington's administration were known as "Pro-Administration," and the senators against him as "Anti-Administration." Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record. [1]

Contents

V1
A1A2A3A4A5A6A7P13P12P11
Majority →
P1P2P3P4P5P6P7P8P9P10
V2

1790 and 1791 elections

These were the second series of elections. In these elections, terms were up for the nine Senators in Class 1. As of these elections, formal organized political parties had yet to form in the United States, but two political factions were present: The coalition of Senators who supported President George Washington's administration were known as the Pro-Administration Party, and the Senators against him as the Anti-Administration Party.

Note: There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record. [1]

A3A2A1
A4A5A6
Re-elected
A7
Gain
V1
A Loss
P18
Hold
P17
Hold
P16
Re-elected
P15
Re-elected
P14
Re-elected
Majority →
P4P5P6P7P8P9P10P11P12P13
Re-elected
P3P2P1

1792 and 1793 elections

These elections coincided with President George Washington's unanimous re-election. In these elections, terms were up for the ten senators in class 2.

Note: There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record. [1]

A5A4A3A2A1
A6A7
Re-elected
A8
Re-elected
A9
Re-elected
A10
Hold
A11
Gain
V1P18
Gain
P17
Gain
P16
Hold
Majority →
P6P7P8P9P10P11P12P13P14
Re-elected
P15
Hold
P5P4P3P2P1

1794 and 1795 elections

These elections had the formation of organized political parties in the United States, with the Federalist Party emerging from the Pro Administration coalition, and the Democratic-Republican Party emerging from the Anti-Administration coalition.

A5A4A3A2A1
A6A7A8DR1
Gain
DR2
Gain
V1F8
Gain
F7
Gain
F6
Gain
F5
Gain
 F4
Gain
P6P7P8P9P10P11F1
Gain
F2
Gain
F3
Gain
P5P4P3P2P1

1796 and 1797 elections

These elections coincided with John Adams's election as President. His ruling Federalist Party gained one seat.

DR6DR5DR4DR3DR2DR1
DR7
Re-elected
DR8
Hold
DR9
Hold
DR10
Gain
V1
Gain
F21
Gain
F20
Hold
F19
Hold
F18
Hold
F17
Hold
Majority →
F7
Re-elected
F8
Re-elected
F9
Re-elected
F10
Re-elected
F11
Re-elected
F12
Hold
F13
Hold
F14
Hold
F15
Hold
F16
Hold
F6F5F4F3F2F1

1798 and 1799 elections

These elections were held at the middle of President John Adams's administration and had no net change in political control of the Senate.

DR6
Re-elected
DR5
Re-elected
DR4DR3DR2DR1
DR7
Hold
DR8
Hold
DR9
Hold
V1
DR loss
F22
Hold
F21
Hold
F20
Re-elected
F19
Re-elected
F18
Re-elected
F17
Majority →
F7F8F9F10F11F12F13F14F15F16
F6F5F4F3F2F1

1800 and 1801 elections

Coinciding with their takeover of the White House, the Democratic-Republicans took control of the Senate. Although the Federalists began the next (7th) Congress with a slim majority, they lost their majority shortly thereafter due to mid-year special elections.

DR6DR5DR4DR3DR2DR1
DR7DR8DR9
Re-elected
DR10
Hold
DR11
Gain
DR12
Gain
DR13
Gain
DR14
Gain
V1
F loss
F17
Gain
Majority →
F16
Re-elected
F7F8F9F10F11F12F13F14F15
Re-elected
F6F5F4F3F2F1

1802 and 1803 elections

These elections had the Democratic-Republicans assume an overwhelming control of the Senate.

DR6DR5DR4DR3DR2DR1
DR7DR8DR9DR10DR11DR12DR13DR14DR15DR16
Re-elected
Majority →DR17
Re-elected
F7
Re-elected
F8
Re-elected
F9
Hold
V1
Fed loss
DR22
Gain
DR21
Gain
DR20
Gain
DR19
Gain
DR18
Gain
F6F5F4F3F2F1

1804 and 1805 elections

These elections expanded the Democratic-Republicans' overwhelming control of the Senate. The Federalists went into the elections with such a small share of seats (9 out of 34, or 26%) that even had they won every election, they would have still remained a minority caucus.

DR7DR6DR5DR4DR3DR2DR1
DR8DR9DR10DR11DR12DR13DR14DR15DR16DR17
Majority →DR18
DR27
Gain
DR26
Gain
DR25
Hold
DR24
Hold
DR23
Hold
DR22
Hold
DR21
Re-elected
DR20
Re-elected
DR19
Re-elected
F7
Re-elected
F6
Re-elected
F5F4F3F2F1

1806 and 1807 elections

DR7DR6DR5DR4DR3DR2DR1
DR8DR9DR10DR11DR12DR13DR14DR15DR16DR17
Majority →DR18
DR27
Hold
DR26
Hold
DR25
Hold
DR24
Re-elected
DR23
Re-elected
DR22
Re-elected
DR21
Re-elected
DR20
Re-elected
DR19
Re-elected
DR28
Gain
F6
Re-elected
F5F4F3F2F1

1808 and 1809 elections

DR7DR6DR5DR4DR3DR2DR1
DR8DR9DR10DR11DR12DR13DR14DR15DR16DR17
Majority →DR18
DR27
Hold
DR26
Hold
DR25
Hold
DR24
Re-elected
DR23
Re-elected
DR22
Re-elected
DR21
Re-elected
DR20
Re-elected
DR19
F7
Gain
F6
Hold
F5
Re-elected
F4
Re-elected
F3F2F1

1810 and 1811 elections

The Democratic-Republicans held their majority unchanged. The minority Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (8 out of 34, or 23.5%) that they had won all of the elections, they would still not have controlled a majority.

DR7DR6DR5DR4DR3DR2DR1
DR8DR9DR10DR11DR12DR13DR14DR15DR16DR17
Majority →DR18
Hold
V1
F Loss
DR26
Re-elected
DR25
Re-elected
DR24
Re-elected
DR23
Re-elected
DR22
Re-elected
DR21
Re-elected
DR20
Hold
DR19
Hold
F7
Re-elected
F6F5F4F3F2F1

1812 and 1813 elections

Coinciding with President James Madison's re-election, the Democratic-Republican Party lost two seats but still retained an overwhelming majority in the Senate. As in recent elections, the minority Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats that if they had won every one of the elections, they would still not have controlled a majority.

DR8DR7DR6DR5DR4DR3DR2DR1
DR9DR10DR11DR12DR13DR14DR15DR16DR17DR18
Majority →DR19
V1
DR Loss
DR27
Hold
DR26
Re-elected
DR25
Re-elected
DR24
Hold
DR23
Hold
DR22
Hold
DR21
Hold
DR20
Hold
V2
F Loss
F6
Gain
F5
Re-elected
F5F4F3F2F1

1814 and 1815 elections

The Democratic-Republicans lost a seat but still retained an overwhelming majority in the Senate. Unlike in recent elections, the minority Federalists had gone into the elections with a change of regaining their long-lost majority had they swept almost all the seats. However, only one seat switched parties. Two seats held by Democratic-Republicans were left unfilled until long after the next Congress began.

DR8DR7DR6DR5DR4DR3DR2DR1
DR9DR10DR11DR12DR13DR14DR15DR16DR17DR18
Majority →DR19
Re-elected
F9
Re-elected
F10
Re-elected
F11
Gain
V1
DR Loss
V2
DR Loss
DR23
Hold
DR22
Hold
DR21
Hold
DR20
Hold
F8
Re-elected
F7
Re-elected
F6F5F4F3F2F1

1816 and 1817 elections

DR9DR8DR7DR6DR5DR4DR3DR2DR1
DR10DR11DR12DR13DR14DR15
Gain
DR16
Gain
DR17
Re-elected
DR18
Hold
DR19
Hold
Majority →DR20
Hold
F10F11
Hold
F12
Gain
F13
Gain
DR25
Gain
DR24
Gain
DR23
Hold
DR22
Hold
DR21
Hold
F9F8F7F6F5F4F3F2F1

1818 and 1819 elections

DR10DR9DR8DR7DR6DR5DR4DR3DR2DR1
DR11DR12DR13DR14DR15DR16DR17DR18DR19
Re-elected
DR20
Re-elected
Majority →DR21
Re-elected
V1
F Loss
DR30
New seat
DR29
Gain
DR28
Hold
DR27
Hold
DR26
Hold
DR25
Hold
DR24
Hold
DR23
Hold
DR22
Hold
V2
F Loss
F9F8F7F6F5F4F3F2F1

1820 and 1821 elections

 DR1DR2DR3
DR13DR12DR11DR10DR9DR8DR7DR6DR5DR4
DR14DR15DR16DR17DR18DR19DR20DR21DR22DR23
Majority →DR24
DR33
Hold
DR32
Re-elected
DR31
Re-elected
DR30
Re-elected
DR29
Re-elected
DR28
Re-elected
DR27DR26DR25
DR34
Hold
DR35
Hold
DR36
Gain
DR37
Gain
DR38
Gain
DR39
Gain
V1V2V3F4
Re-elected
 F1F2F3

1822 and 1823 elections

 DR1DR2DR3DR4
DR14DR13DR12DR11DR10DR9DR8DR7DR6DR5
DR15DR16DR17DR18DR119DR20DR21DR22DR23DR24
Majority →DR25
DR34
Hold
DR33
Hold
DR32
Hold
DR31
Hold
DR30DR29DR28DR27DR26
DR35
Re-elected
DR36
Re-elected
DR37
Re-elected
DR38
Re-elected
DR39
Re-elected
DR40
Re-elected
DR41
Re-elected
DR42
Re-elected
DR43
Re-elected
DR44
Re-elected
 F1F2F3
Re-elected
V1

1824 and 1825 elections

The elections of 1824 and 1825 saw the Jacksonians gain a majority over the Anti-Jacksonians (sometimes called the "National Republican Party").

Factions:DRa/Fa# = Adams-Clay factionsDRc# = Crawford factionDRj# = Jackson faction
 AJ1
Gain
AJ2
Gain
AJ3
Gain
AJ4
Gain
DRc3DRc2DRc1DRa11DRa10DRa9V2
Fa Loss
V1
DR Loss
AJ6
Gain
AJ5
Gain
DRc4DRc5DRc6DRc7DRc8DRc9J1
Gain
J2
Gain
J3
Gain
J4
Gain
 
DRj3DRj2DRj1DRc20DRc19DRc18DRc17DRc16J6
Gain
J5
Gain
DRj4DRj5DRj6DRj7DRj8DRj9DRj10DRj11J7
Gain
J8
Gain
 Fa1Fa2Fa3Fa4

1826 and 1827 elections

 AJ1AJ2AJ3AJ4
AJ14AJ13AJ12AJ11AJ10AJ9AJ8AJ7AJ6AJ5
AJ15
Re-elected
AJ16
Re-elected
AJ17
Re-elected
AJ18
Re-elected
AJ19
Hold
AJ20
Gain
V1
Gain
J27
Gain
J26
Gain
J25
Hold
Majority →J24
Hold
J15J16J17J18J19
Re-elected
J20
Re-elected
J21
Re-elected
J22
Re-elected
J23
Hold
J14J13J12J11J10J9J8J7J6J5
 J1J2J3J4

1828 and 1829 elections

 AJ1AJ2AJ3AJ4
AJ14AJ13AJ12AJ11AJ10AJ9AJ8AJ7AJ6AJ5
AJ15AJ16AJ17
Re-elected
AJ18
Re-elected
AJ19
Re-elected
AJ20
Gain
AJ21
Gain
AJ22
Gain
J26
Gain
J25
Gain
Majority →J24
Hold
J15J16J17
Re-elected
J18
Re-elected
J19
Re-elected
J20
Re-elected
J21
Re-elected
J22
Hold
J23
Hold
J14J13J12J11J10J9J8J7J6J5
 J1J2J3J4

1830 and 1831 elections

 AJ1AJ2AJ3AJ4
AJ14AJ13AJ12AJ11AJ10AJ9AJ8AJ7AJ6AJ5
AJ15
Re-elected
AJ16
Re-elected
AJ17
Re-elected
AJ18
Hold
AJ19
Hold
AJ20
Hold
V1N1
Gain
J26
Gain
J25
Gain
Majority →J24
Gain
J15J16J17J18J19
Re-elected
J20
Re-elected
J21
Hold
J22
Hold
J23
Hold
J14J13J12J11J10J9J8J7J6J5
 J1J2J3J4

1832 and 1833 elections

 AJ1AJ2AJ3AJ4
AJ14AJ13AJ12AJ11AJ10AJ9AJ8AJ7AJ6AJ5
AJ15AJ16
Re-elected
AJ17
Re-elected
AJ18
Re-elected
AJ19
Hold
AJ20
Hold
AJ21
Gain
AJ22
Gain
AJ23
Gain
N1
Plurality ↑N2
J15J16
Re-elected
J17
Re-elected
J18
Re-elected
J19
Hold
J20
Gain
J21
Gain
V1
Loss
V2
Loss
J14J13J12J11J10J9J8J7J6J5
 J1J2J3J4

1834 and 1835 elections

 AJ1AJ2AJ3AJ4
AJ14AJ13AJ12AJ11AJ10AJ9AJ8AJ7AJ6AJ5
AJ15AJ16AJ17AJ18AJ19
Re-elected
AJ20
Re-elected
AJ21
Re-elected
AJ22
Hold
AJ23
Gain
AJ24
Gain
Plurality →
J15
Re-elected
J16
Re-elected
J17
Re-elected
J18
Re-elected
J19
Gain
J20
Gain
J21
Gain
N1N2
Re-elected
V1
Loss
J14
Re-elected
J13J12J11J10J9J8J7J6J5
 J1J2J3J4

1836 and 1837 elections

 AJ1AJ2AJ3AJ4AJ5AJ6
W16
Re-elected
New party
W15
Re-elected
New party
W14
Re-elected
New party
W13
Re-elected
New party
AJ12AJ11AJ10AJ9AJ8AJ7
W17
Hold
New party
N1D34
Gain
D33
Gain
D32
Gain
D31
Hold
New party
D30
Hold
New party
D29
Re-elected
New party
D28
Re-elected
New party
D27
Re-elected
New party
Majority →
J17J18J19J20J21J22D23
Re-elected
New party
D24
Re-elected
New party
D25
Re-elected
New party
D26
Re-elected
New party
J16J15J14J13J12J11J10J9J8J7
 J1J2J3J4J5J6

1838 and 1839 elections

 D1D2D3D4D5D6
D16D15D14D13D12D11D10D9D8D7
D17D18D19D20D21D22D23D24D25D26
Re-elected
Majority →D27
Re-elected
W17
Hold
W18
Gain
W19
Gain
W20
Gain
V4
D Loss
V3
D Loss
V2
D Loss
V1
D Loss
D28
Hold
W16
Hold
W15
Re-elected
W14
Re-elected
W13
Re-elected
W12
Re-elected
W11
Re-elected
W10W9W8W7
 W1W2W3W4W5W6

1840 and 1841 elections

 D1D2D3D4D5D6
D16D15D14D13D12D11D10D9D8D7
D17
Re-elected
D18
Re-elected
D19
Re-elected
D20
Hold
D21
Hold
D22
Re-elected
V3
D Loss
V2V1W27
Gain
Majority →
W17
Hold
W18
Re-elected
W19
Hold
W20
Hold
W21
Re-elected
W22
Gain
W23
Gain
W24
Gain
W25
Gain
W26
Gain
W16W15W14W13W12W11W10W9W8W7
 W1W2W3W4W5W6

1842 and 1843 elections

 D1D2D3D4D5D6
D16
Re-elected
D15
Re-elected
D14
Re-elected
D13
Re-elected
D12
Re-elected
D11
Re-elected
D10D9D8D7
D17
Re-elected
D18
Hold
D19
Hold
D20
Hold
D21
Hold
D22
Gain
D23
Gain
V2V1W27
Hold
Majority →W26
Hold
W17W18W19W20W21W22W23W24
Re-elected
W25
Re-elected
W16W15W14W13W12W11W10W9W8W7
 W1W2W3W4W5W6

1844 and 1845 elections

 D1D2D3D4D5D6D7
D17D16D15D14D13D12D11D10D9D8
D18D19D20
Re-elected
D21
Re-elected
D22
Re-elected
D23
Re-elected
D24
Gain
D25
Gain
D26
Gain
D27
Gain
Majority →
W18
Re-elected
W19
Re-elected
W20
Hold
W21
Hold
W22
Hold
W23
Gain
W24
Gain
V1
W Loss
V2
New seat
V3
New seat
W17
Re-elected
W16W15W14W13W12W11W10W9W8
 W1W2W3W4W5W6W7

1846 and 1847 elections

D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D9
D19D18D17D16D15D14D13D12D11D10
D20D21D22D23D24D25D26
Re-elected
D27
Re-elected
D28
Re-elected
D29
Re-elected
Majority →D30
Hold
V1
W Loss
V2
New state
V3
New state
ID1
Gain
D35
Gain
D34
Gain
D33
Gain
D32
Hold
D31
Hold
W19
Hold
W18
Hold
W17
Hold
W16
Re-elected
W15
Re-elected
W14
Re-elected
W13
Re-elected
W12W11W10
W1W2W3W4W5W6W7W8W9

1848 and 1849 elections

D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D9D10
D20D19D18D17D16D15D14D13D12D11
D21D22D23D24D25
Re-elected
D26
Re-elected
D27
Re-elected
D28
Re-elected
D29
Re-elected
D30
Hold
Majority →D31
Hold
W21
Gain
W22
Gain
W23
Gain
W24
Gain
W25
Gain
ID1FS1
Gain
D33
Gain
D32
Hold
W20
Hold
W19
Re-elected
W18
Re-elected
W17
Re-elected
W16W15W14W13W12W11
W1W2W3W4W5W6W7W8W9W10

1850 and 1851 elections

D1 
D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D9D10D11
D21D20D19D18D17D16D15D14D13D12
D22D23
Re-elected
D24
Re-elected
D25
Re-elected
D26
Re-elected
D27
Re-elected
D28
Re-elected
D29
Re-elected
D30
Hold
D31
Hold
Majority →D32
Gain
V1
W Loss
V2
W Loss
FS1FS2V3
D Loss
V4
D Loss
V5
D Loss
D34
Gain
D33
Gain
W21
Gain
W20
Gain
W19
Hold
W18
Re-elected
W17W16W15W14W13W12
W2W3W4W5W6W7W8W9W10W11
W1 

1852 and 1853 elections

D1 
D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D9D10D11
D21D20D19D18D17D16D15D14D13D12
D22D23D24D25D26D27
Re-elected
D28
Re-elected
D29
Re-elected
D30
Re-elected
D31
Re-elected
Majority →D32
Hold
KN1
Gain
FS1FS2V1
D Loss
V2
D Loss
D36
Gain
D35
Gain
D34
Hold
D33
Hold
V3
W Loss
V4
W Loss
V5
W Loss
W18
Gain
W17
Hold
W16
Hold
W15
Re-elected
W14W13W12
W2W3W4W5W6W7W8W9W10W11
W1 

1854 and 1855 elections

D1 
D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D9D10D11
D21D20D19D18D17D16D15D14D13D12
D22D23D24D25D26
Re-elected
D27
Re-elected
D28
Re-elected
D29
Hold
D30
Gain
D31
Gain
Majority →D32
Gain
V2V3V4V5
D Loss
V6
D Loss
V7
D Loss
V8
D Loss
V9
D Loss
D33
Gain
V1
W Loss
KN1FS2
Gain
FS1R3
Gain
R2
Gain
R1
Gain
W14
Hold
W13
Re-elected
W12
Re-elected
W2W3W4W5W6W7W8W9W10W11
W1 

1856 and 1857 elections

The young Republican Party assumed its position as one of the United States's two main political parties. The Whigs and Free Soilers were gone by the time the next Congress began.

D1 
D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D9D10D11
D21D20D19D18D17D16D15D14D13D12
D22D23D24D25D26
Re-elected
D27
Re-elected
D28
Re-elected
D29
Re-elected
D30
Re-elected
D31
Re-elected
Majority →D32
Hold
FS1KN1KN2
Gain
V1
W Loss
V2V3V4D34
Gain
D33
Hold
R15
Gain
R14
Re-elected
Diff. party
R13
Hold
R12
Re-elected
R11
Re-elected
R10R9R8R7R6
W2W3R1
Gain
R2
Gain
R3
Gain
R4
Gain
R5
Gain
R1R2R3
W1 

1858 and 1859 elections

D3D2D1 
D4D5D6D7D8D9D10D11D12D13
D23D22D21D20D19D18D17D16D15D14
D24D25D26
Re-elected
D27
Re-elected
D28
Re-elected
D29
Re-elected
D30
Re-elected
D31
Re-elected
D32
Re-elected
D33
Hold
Majority →D34
Hold
R24
Gain
R25
Gain
KN1KN2V1
D Loss
D38
Gain
D37
Gain
D36
Hold
D35
Hold
R23
Gain
R22
Gain
R21
Gain
R20
Re-elected
R19
Re-elected
R18
Re-elected
R17R16R15R14
R4R5R6R7R8R9R10R11R12R13
R3R2R1 

1860 and 1861 elections

V3
D Loss
V2
D Loss
V1
D Loss
 
D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D9D10
D20D19D18D17D16D15D14D13D12D11
D21D23D22D24D25
Re-elected
D26
Re-elected
D27
Hold
D28
Hold
D29
Hold
D30
Gain
Plurality ↑KN1
R21
Re-elected
R22
Re-elected
R23
Re-elected
R24
Re-elected
R25
Hold
R26
Hold
R27
Gain
R28
Gain
R29
Gain
R20
Re-elected
R19R18R17R16R15R14R13R12R11
R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10
V4
D Loss
V5
D Loss
V6
D Loss
 

1862 and 1863 elections

V4V3V2V1 
V5V6V7
No race
V8
No race
V9
No race
V10
No race
D1D2D3D4
U4
Hold
U3U2U1D10
Gain
D9
Hold
D8
Hold
D7
Re-elected
D6D5
U5
Hold
UU1
Gain
R32
Gain
R31
Gain
R30
Re-elected
R29
Re-elected
R28
Hold
R27
Hold
R26
Re-elected
R25
Re-elected
Majority →
R15R16R17R18R19R20R21R22
Re-elected
R23
Re-elected
R24
Re-elected
R14R13R12R11R10R9R8R7R6R5
V16V15V14V13V12V11R1R2R3R4
V17V18V19V20 

1864 and 1865 elections

These elections, corresponding with Abraham Lincoln's re-election as president, saw the Republicans gain two seats. As these elections occurred during the Civil War, most of the Southern states were absent.

V5
Seceded
V4
Seceded
V3
Seceded
V2V1 
V6
Seceded
V7
Seceded
V8
Seceded
V9
Seceded
V10
Seceded
V11
Seceded
D1D2D3D4
UU2UU3UU4U1U2D9
Gain
D8
Hold
D7
Re-elected
D6D5
UU1R33
Gain
R32
Gain
R31
Re-elected
new party
R30
Hold
R29
Hold
R28
Hold
R27
Re-elected
R26
Re-elected
R25
Re-elected
Majority →
R15R16R17R18R19R20R21R22R23
Re-elected
R24
Re-elected
R14R13R12R11R10R9R8R7R6R5
V17V16V15V14V13V12
U Loss
R1R2R3R4
V18V19V20V21V22 

1866 and 1867 elections

V6
Seceded
V5
Seceded
V4
Seceded
V3
Seceded
V2V1 
V7
Seceded
V8
Seceded
V9
Seceded
V10
Seceded
D1D2D3D4D5D6
R37
Hold
R38
Gain
R39
Gain
UU1U1U2D10
Gain
D9
Gain
D8D7
R36
Hold
R35
Hold
R34
Hold
R33
Hold
R32
Hold
R31
Hold
R30
Hold
R29
Re-elected
R28
Re-elected
R17
Re-elected
Majority →
R17R18R19R20R21R22R23R24R25
Re-elected
R26
Re-elected
R16R15R14R13R12R11R10R9R8R7
V14V13V12V11R1R2R3R4R5R6
V15V16V17V18V19V20 

1868 and 1869 elections

D3D2D1V4
Seceded
V3
Seceded
V2
Seceded
V1 
D4D5
Hold
D6
Hold
D7
Gain
D8
Gain
D9
Gain
R57
Gain
R56
Gain
R55
Gain
R54
Hold
R44
Re-elected
R45
Re-elected
R46
Re-elected
R47
Re-elected
R48
Hold
R49
Hold
R50
Hold
R51
Hold
R52
Hold
R53
Hold
R43
Re-elected
R42
Re-elected
R41
Re-elected
R40R39R38R37R36R35R34
Majority →
R24R25R26R27R28R29R30R31R32R33
R23R22R21R20R19R18R17R16R15R14
R4R5R6R7R8R9R10R11R12R13
R3R2R1V5V6V7V8 

1870 and 1871 elections

D7D6D5D4D3D2D1 
D8
Hold
D9
Hold
D10
Hold
D11
Gain
D12
Gain
D13
Gain
D14
Gain
V1
D Loss
V2
R Loss
R58
Hold
R48
Re-elected
R49
Hold
R50
Hold
R51
Hold
R52
Hold
R53
Hold
R54
Hold
R55
Hold
R56
Hold
R57
Hold
R47
Re-elected
R46
Re-elected
R45
Re-elected
R44
Re-elected
R43
Re-elected
R42R41R40R39R38
Majority →R37
R28R29R30R31R32R33R34R35R36
R27R26R25R24R23R22R21R20R19R18
R8R9R10R11R12R13R14R15R16R17
R7R6R5R4R3R2R1 

1872 and 1873 elections

D7D6D5D4D3D2D1 
D8D9D10D11D12D13D14D15
Hold
D16
Hold
D17
Hold
R48
Hold
R49
Hold
R50
Hold
R51
Hold
R52
Hold
R53
Hold
R54
Gain
V1
R Loss
D19
Gain
D18
Gain
R47
Hold
R46
Hold
R45
Hold
R44
Re-elected
R43
Re-elected
R42
Re-elected
R41
Re-elected
R40
Re-elected
R39
Re-elected
R38
Re-elected
Majority →R37
Re-elected
R28R29R30R31R32R33R34R35R36
R27R26R25R24R23R22R21R20R19R18
R8R9R10R11R12R13R14R15R16R17
R7R6R5R4R3R2R1 

1874 and 1875 elections

D7D6D5D4D3D2D1 
D8D9D10D11D12D13D14D15
Re-elected
D16
Re-elected
D17
Hold
D27
Gain
D26
Gain
D25
Gain
D24
Gain
D23
Gain
D22
Gain
D21
Gain
D20
Gain
D19
Gain
D18
Hold
D28
Gain
AM1
Gain
V1LR2LR1R42
Hold
R41
Hold
R40
Hold
R39
Hold
R38
Hold
Majority →R37
Hold
R28R29R30R31R32R33
Re-elected
R34
Re-elected
R35
Hold
R36
Hold
R27R26R25R24R23R22R21R20R19R18
R8R9R10R11R12R13R14R15R16R17
R7R6R5R4R3R2R1 

1876 and 1877 elections

D8D7D6D5D4D3D2D1 
D9D10D11D12D13D14D15D16D17D18
D28
Hold
D27
Hold
D26
Hold
D25
Re-elected
D24
Re-elected
D23
Re-elected
D22
Re-elected
D21D20D19
D29
Hold
D30
Hold
D31
Gain
D32
Gain
D33
Gain
D34
Gain
D35
Gain
I1
Gain
AM1R39
Hold
Majority →
R29
Re-elected
R30
Re-elected
R31
Re-elected
R32
Re-elected
R33
Re-elected
R34
Hold
R35
Hold
R36
Hold
R37
Hold
R38
Hold
R28R27R26R25R24R23R22R21R20R19
R9R10R11R12R13R14R15R16R17R18
R8R7R6R5R4R3R2R1 

1878 and 1879 elections

D8D7D6D5D4D3D2D1 
D9D10D11D12D13D14D15D16D17D18
D28D27D26D25D24D23D22D21D20D19
D29
Re-elected
D30
Re-elected
D31
Hold
D32
Hold
D33
Hold
D34
Hold
D35
Hold
D36
Gain
D37
Gain
D38
Gain
Majority →D39
Gain
R29
Hold
R30
Hold
R31
Gain
V1
R loss
AM1I1D42
Gain
D41
Gain
D40
Gain
R28
Hold
R27
Re-elected
R26
Re-elected
R25
Re-elected
R24
Re-elected
R23
Re-elected
R22
Re-elected
R21R20R19
R9R10R11R12R13R14R15R16R17R18
R8R7R6R5R4R3R2R1 

1880 and 1881 elections

D8D7D6D5D4D3D2D1 
D9D10D11D12D13D14D15D16D17D18
D28D27D26D25D24D23D22D21D20D19
D29
Re-elected
D30
Re-elected
D31
Re-elected
D33
Re-elected
D33
Hold
D34
Hold
D35
Hold
D36
Gain
D37
Gain
I1
Plurality ↓RA1
Gain
R29
Hold
R30
Hold
R31
Gain
R32
Gain
R33
Gain
R34
Gain
R35
Gain
R36
Gain
R37
Gain
R28
Hold
R27
Hold
R26
Re-elected
R25
Re-elected
R24
Re-elected
R23
Re-elected
R22R21R20R19
R9R10R11R12R13R14R15R16R17R18
R8R7R6R5R4R3R2R1 

1882 and 1883 elections

D8D7D6D5D4D3D2D1 
D9D10D11D12D13D14D15D16D17D18
D28
Re-elected
D27
Re-elected
D26
Re-elected
D25
Re-elected
D24
Re-elected
D23D22D21D20D19
D29
Re-elected
D30
Re-elected
D31
Re-elected
D32
Re-elected
D33
Re-elected
D34
Hold
D35
Hold
D36
Gain
V1
R Loss
RA2
Gain
Majority, with Readjusters in caucus ↓RA1
R29
Re-elected
R30
Re-elected
R31
Hold
R32
Hold
R33
Hold
R34
Hold
R35
Hold
R36
Gain
R37
Gain
R28
Re-elected
R27
Re-elected
R26R25R24R23R22R21R20R19
R9R10R11R12R13R14R15R16R17R18
R8R7R6R5R4R3R2R1 

1884 and 1885 elections

D8D7D6D5D4D3D2D1 
D9D10D11D12D13D14D15D16D17D18
D28
Re-elected
D27
Re-elected
D26
Re-elected
D25
Re-elected
D24
Re-elected
D23
Re-elected
D22D21D20D19
D29
Re-elected
D30
Hold
D31
Hold
D32
Hold
D33
Hold
D34
Hold
V1
D Loss
V2
R Loss
V3
R Loss
RA1
Majority due to three vacancies ↓RA2
R29
Re-elected
R30
Re-elected
R31
Re-elected
R32
Re-elected
R33
Re-elected
R34
Hold
R35
Hold
R36
Hold
R37
Gain
R28
Re-elected
R27R26R25R24R23R22R21R20R19
R9R10R11R12R13R14R15R16R17R18
R8R7R6R5R4R3R2R1 

1886 and 1887 elections

D8D7D6D5D4D3D2D1 
D9D10D11D12D13D14D15D16D17D18
D28
Re-elected
D27
Re-elected
D26
Re-elected
D25D24D23D22D21D20D19
D29
Re-elected
D30
Hold
D31
Hold
D32
Hold
D33
Gain
D34
Gain
D35
Gain
D36
Gain
V1
D Loss
RA2
Majority due to vacancy→R38
Gain
R29
Re-elected
R30
Re-elected
R31
Re-elected
R32
Re-elected
R33
Hold
R34
Hold
R35
Hold
R36
Hold
R37
Hold
R28
Re-elected
R27
Re-elected
R26
Re-elected
R25R24R23R22R21R20R19
R9R10R11R12R13R14R15R16R17R18
R8R7R6R5R4R3R2R1 

1888 and 1889 elections

These elections coincided with Benjamin Harrison's victory over incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Both parties were unchanged in the general elections, but later special elections would give Republicans an eight-seat majority, mostly from newly admitted states.

D8D7D6D5D4D3D2D1 
D9D10D11D12D13D14D15D16D17D18
D28
Re-elected
D27
Re-elected
D26
Re-elected
D25
Re-elected
D24D23D22D21D20D19
D29
Re-elected
D30
Re-elected
D31
Re-elected
D32
Re-elected
D33
Re-elected
D34
Re-elected
D35
Re-elected
D36
Re-elected
D37
Gain
V1
R Loss
Majority due to vacancy →R38
Gain
R29
Re-elected
R30
Re-elected
R31
Re-elected
R32
Re-elected
R33
Re-elected
R39
Re-elected
R35
Hold
R36
Hold
R37
Hold
R28
Re-elected
R27
Re-elected
R26R25R24R23R22R21R20R19
R9R10R11R12R13R14R15R16R17R18
R8R7R6R5R4R3R2R1 

1890 and 1891 elections

 D1D2
D12D11D10D9D8D7D6D5D4D3
D13D14D15D16D17D18D19D20D21D22
D32
Re-elected
D31
Re-elected
D30
Re-elected
D29
Re-elected
D28
Re-elected
D27
Re-elected
D26
Re-elected
D25D24D23
D33
Re-elected
D34
Hold
D35
Hold
D36
Hold
D37
Hold
D38
Gain
D39
Gain
D40
Gain
I1
Gain
P1
Gain
Majority →R43
New seat
R33
Re-elected
R34
Re-elected
R35
Re-elected
R36
Re-elected
R37
Re-elected
R38
Re-elected
R39
Re-elected
R40
Re-elected
R41
Hold
R42
Hold
R32
Re-elected
R31R30R29R28R27R26R25R24R23
R13R14R15R16R17R18R19R20R21R22
R12R11R10R9R8R7R6R5R4R3
 R1R2

1892 and 1893 elections

 D1D2D3D4
D14D13D12D11D10D9D8D7D6D5
D15D16D17D18D19D20D21D22D23D24
D34
Re-elected
D33
Re-elected
D32
Re-elected
D31
Re-elected
D30
Re-elected
D29D28D27D26D25
D35
Re-elected
D36
Re-elected
D37
Re-elected
D38
Hold
D39
Hold
D30
Gain
D41
Gain
D42
Gain
V1
D loss
V2
R loss
Majority with vacancies →D43
Gain
V3
R loss
R35
Re-elected
R36
Re-elected
R37
Hold
SR1
Gain
P1P2P3
Gain
V4
R loss
R34
Re-elected
R33
Re-elected
R32
Re-elected
R31
Re-elected
R30
Re-elected
R29
Re-elected
R28R27R26R25
R15R16R17R18R19R20R21R22R23R24
R14R13R12R11R10R9R8R7R6R5
 R1R2R3R4

1894 and 1895 elections

 D1D2D3D4
D14D13D12D11D10D9D8D7D6D5
D15D16D17D18D19D20D21D22D23D24
D34
Re-elected
D33
Re-elected
D32
Re-elected
D31
Re-elected
D30D29D28D27D26D25
D35
Hold
D36
Hold
D37
Hold
D38
Hold
D39
Hold
D40
Retired
P4
Gain
P3V4
R Loss
V1
No majorityV2
R35
Hold
R36
Hold
R37
Gain
R38
Gain
R39
Gain
SR1P1P2V3
R34
Hold
R33
Hold
R32
Hold
R31
Hold
R30
Hold
R29
Re-elected
R28
Re-elected
R27
Re-elected
R26
Re-elected
R25
Re-elected
R15R16R17R18R19R20R21R22
Re-elected
R23
Re-elected
R24
Re-elected
R14R13R12R11R10R9R8R7R6R5
 R1R2R3R4

1896 and 1897 elections

 D1D2D3D4D5
D15D14D13D12D11D10D9D8D7D6
D16D17D18D19D20D21D22D23D24D25
P3
Re-elected
P4
Hold
P5
Gain
D32
Gain
D31
Hold
D30
Hold
D29
Hold
D28
Hold
D27
Re-elected
D26
Re-elected
P2P1S2
Re-elected
S1SR2
Re-elected
SR1
Gain
R46
Gain
R45
Gain
R44
Gain
V1
D Loss
Majority →V2
R36
Re-elected
R37
Re-elected
R38
Re-elected
R39
Hold
R40
Gain
R41
Gain
R42
Gain
R43
Gain
V3
R Loss
R35
Re-elected
R34
Re-elected
R33
Re-elected
R32
Re-elected
R31R30R29R28R27R26
R16R17R18R19R20R21R22R23R24R25
R15R14R13R12R11R10R9R8R7R6
 R1R2R3R4R5

1898 and 1899 elections

 D1D2D3D4D5
D15D14D13D12D11D10D9D8D7D6
D16D17D18D19D20
Re-elected
D21
Re-elected
D22
Re-elected
D23
Re-elected
D24
Hold
D25
Gain
R50
Gain
SR3
Re-elected
SR2SR1S1S2P1P2P3P4
R49
Gain
R48
Gain
R47
Gain
R46
Gain
R45
Gain
R44
Gain
R43
Hold
V1
D Loss
V2
D Loss
V3
D Loss
Majority →
R42
Re-elected
V6
R Loss
V5
SR Loss
V4
P Loss
R36
Re-elected
R37
Re-elected
R38
Re-elected
R39
Re-elected
R40
Re-elected
R41
Re-elected
R35
Re-elected
R34
Re-elected
R33R32R31R30R29R28R27R26
R16R17R18R19R20R21R22R23R24R25
R15R14R13R12R11R10R9R8R7R6
 R1R2R3R4R5

1900 and 1901 elections

 D1D2D3D4D5
D15D14D13D12D11D10D9D8D7D6
D16
Re-elected
D17
Re-elected
D18
Re-elected
D19
Re-elected
D20
Re-elected
D21
Hold
D22
Hold
D23
Hold
D24
Hold
D25
Hold
SR1S1S2P1P2P3P4D28
Gain
D27
Gain
D26
Gain
SR2SR3
Gain
R48
Gain
R47
Re-elected
R46
Re-elected
R45
Re-elected
R44
Hold
R43
Re-elected
V5
D Loss
V1
Majority →V4
R Loss
V2
R36
Re-elected
R37
Re-elected
R38
Re-elected
R39
Re-elected
R40
Re-elected
R41
Re-elected
R42
Hold
V3
R35
Re-elected
R34R33R32R31R30R29R28R27R26
R16R17R18R19R20R21R22R23R24R25
R15R14R13R12R11R10R9R8R7R6
 R1R2R3R4R5

1902 and 1903 elections

 D1D2D3D4D5
D15D14D13D12D11D10D9D8D7D6
D16D17D18D19D20D21D22
Re-elected
D23
Re-elected
D24
Re-elected
D25
Hold
R54
Gain
R55
Gain
V1
D Loss
D32
Gain
D31
Gain
D30
Gain
D29
Gain
D28
Gain
D27
Hold
D26
Hold
R53
Gain
R52
Gain
R51
Hold
R50
Hold
R49
Re-elected
R48
Re-elected
R47
Re-elected
R46
Re-elected
R45
Re-elected
V2
Majority →R44
Re-elected
R36R37R38
Re-elected
R29
Re-elected
R40
Re-elected
R41
Re-elected
R42
Re-elected
R43
Re-elected
V3
R35R34R33R32R31R30R29R28R27R26
R16R17R18R19R20R21R22R23R24R25
R15R14R13R12R11R10R9R8R7R6
 R1R2R3R4R5

1904 and 1905 elections

 D1D2D3D4D5
D15D14D13D12D11D10D9D8D7D6
D16D17D18D19D20D21D22D23D24D25
R53
Hold
R54
Hold
R55
Hold
R56
Gain
D31
Gain
D30
Re-elected
D29
Re-elected
D28
Re-elected
D27
Re-elected
D26
R52
Hold
R51
Hold
R50
Hold
R49
Hold
R48
Re-elected
R47
Re-elected
R46
Re-elected
R45
Re-elected
R44
Re-elected
V1
D Loss
Majority →V2
D Loss
R36
Re-elected
R37
Re-elected
R38
Re-elected
R39
Re-elected
R40
Re-elected
R41
Re-elected
R42
Re-elected
R43
Re-elected
V3
R Loss
R35
Re-elected
R34R33R32R31R30R29R28R27R26
R16R17R18R19R20R21R22R23R24R25
R15R14R13R12R11R10R9R8R7R6
 R1R2R3R4R5

1906 and 1907 elections

 D1D2D3D4D5
D15D14D13D12D11D10D9D8D7D6
D16D17D18D19
Re-elected
D20
Re-elected
D21
Re-elected
D22
Re-elected
D23
Re-elected
D24
Re-elected
D25
Re-elected
R56
Hold
R57
Gain
R58
Gain
R59
Gain
R60
Gain
V1
R Loss
V2
D Loss
D28
Hold
D27
Hold
D26
Hold
R55
Hold
R54
Hold
R53
Hold
R52
Hold
R51
Re-elected
R50
Re-elected
R49
Re-elected
R48
Re-elected
R47
Re-elected
R46
Re-elected
Majority due to vacancies→R45
Re-elected
R36R37R38R39R40R41R42R43
Re-elected
R44
Re-elected
R35R34R33R32R31R30R29R28R27R26
R16R17R18R19R20R21R22R23R24R25
R15R14R13R12R11R10R9R8R7R6
 R1R2R3R4R5

1908 and 1909 elections

 D1D2D3D4D5D6
D16D15D14D13D12D11D10D9D8D7
D17D18D19D20
Re-elected
D21
Re-elected
D22
Re-elected
D23
Re-elected
D24
Re-elected
D25
Re-elected
D26
Re-elected
R57
Hold
R58
Hold
R59
Gain
V1
R loss
V2
D loss
D31
Gain
D30
Gain
D29
Hold
D28
Hold
D27
Hold
R56
Hold
R55
Hold
R54
Hold
R53
Re-elected
R52
Re-elected
R51
Re-elected
R50
Re-elected
R49
Re-elected
R48
Re-elected
R47
Re-elected
Majority due to vacancies→R46
Re-elected
R37R38R39R40R41R42R43R44
Re-elected
R45
Re-elected
R36R35R34R33R32R31R30R29R28R27
R17R18R19R20R21R22R23R24R25R26
R16R15R14R13R12R11R10R9R8R7
 R1R2R3R4R5R6

1910 and 1911 elections

Although the 17th Amendment was not passed until 1913, some states elected their Senators directly before its passage. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election.

 D1D2D3D4D5D6
D16D15D14D13D12D11D10D9D8D7
D17D18D19D20D21D22D23D24D25D26
D36
Gain
D35
Gain
D34
Gain
D33
Gain
D32
Hold
D31
Hold
D30
Re-elected
D29
Re-elected
D28
Re-elected
D27
D37
Gain
D38
Gain
D39
Gain
D40
Gain
V1
D Loss
V2
R Loss
R50
Hold
R49
Hold
R48
Hold
R47
Hold
Majority →R46
Hold
R37
Re-elected
R38
Re-elected
R39
Re-elected
R40
Re-elected
R41
Re-elected
R42
Re-elected
R43
Re-elected
R44
Re-elected
R45
Re-elected
R36
Re-elected
R35R34R33R32R31R30R29R28R27
R17R18R19R20R21R22R23R24R25R26
R16R15R14R13R12R11R10R9R8R7
 R1R2R3R4R5R6

1912 and 1913 elections

 D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8
D18D17D16D15D14D13D12D11D10D9
D19D20D21D22D23D24D25D26D27D28
D38
Hold
D37
Hold
D36
Hold
D35
Re-elected
D34
Re-elected
D33
Re-elected
D32
Re-elected
D31
Re-elected
D30D29
D39
Hold
D40
Hold
D41
Gain
D42
Gain
D43
Gain
D44
Gain
D45
Gain
D46
Gain
V1V2
D Loss
Majority with vacancies →D47
Gain
R39
Re-elected
R40
Hold
R41
Hold
R42
Hold
R43
Hold
R44
Gain
R45
Gain
V4
R Loss
V3
R Loss
R38
Re-elected
R37
Re-elected
R36
Re-elected
R35
Re-elected
R34
Re-elected
R33R32R31R30R29
R19R20R21R22R23R24R25R26R27R28
R18R17R16R15R14R13R12R11R10R9
 R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8

See also elections

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References

  1. 1 2 3 Martis, Kenneth C. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress.