List of Vietnamese political parties

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This article lists political parties in Vietnam.

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Vietnam is a Marxist–Leninist one-party state. This means that only one political party, the Communist Party of Vietnam (Đảng Cộng Sản Việt Nam) is legally allowed to hold effective power. Vietnamese elections conform to the popular front principle used in communist countries. The united front in Vietnam is called the Vietnamese Fatherland Front and is led by the Communist Party of Vietnam.

Vietnam Country in Southeast Asia

Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula. With an estimated 94.6 million inhabitants as of 2016, it is the 15th most populous country in the world. Vietnam is bordered by China to the north, Laos and Cambodia to the west, part of Thailand to the southwest, and the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia across the South China Sea to the east and southeast. Its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1976, while its most populous city is Ho Chi Minh City.

Marxism–Leninism political ideology

In political science, Marxism–Leninism was the official state ideology of the Soviet Union (USSR), of the parties of the Communist International, after their Bolshevisation, and is the ideology of Stalinist political parties. As Stalin's synthesis of Leninism, the political praxis of Lenin, and of Marxism, the politico-economic theories of Karl Marx, the purpose of Marxism–Leninism is the transformation of a capitalist state into a socialist state, by way of two-stage revolution, guided and led by a vanguard party of professional revolutionaries, drawn from the proletariat. To realise the two-stage transformation of the state, the vanguard party establishes the dictatorship of the proletariat, which determines policy with democratic centralism.

A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system, or single-party system is a type of state in which one political party has the right to form the government, usually based on the existing constitution. All other parties are either outlawed or allowed to take only a limited and controlled participation in elections. Sometimes the term de facto one-party state is used to describe a dominant-party system that, unlike the one-party state, allows democratic multiparty elections, but the existing practices or balance of political power effectively prevent the opposition from winning the elections.

Contents

Other parties

Only the Communist Party of Vietnam is legal to operate in Vietnam, other parties exist outside Vietnam or secretly operate inside Vietnam:

Communist Party of Vietnam Political party in Vietnam

The Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) is the founding and ruling communist party of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Since 1988, it has been the only legal party in the country. Although it nominally exists alongside the Vietnamese Fatherland Front, it maintains a unitary government and has centralised control over the state, military and media. The supremacy of the Communist Party is guaranteed by Article 4 of the national constitution. The current party's leader is Nguyễn Phú Trọng, who holds the titles of General Secretary of the Central Committee and Secretary of the Central Military Commission.

Peoples Action Party of Vietnam Vietnamese exile anti-communist organization that is based in the United States

The People's Action Party of Vietnam (PAP),, is a Vietnamese exile anti-communist organization that is based in the United States. The organization is led by Chairman Nguyen Si Binh and Vice Chairman Dr. Nguyen Xuan Ngai.

Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng political party

The Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng, abbreviated VNQDĐ or Việt Quốc, was a nationalist and moderate socialist political party that sought independence from French colonial rule in Vietnam during the early 20th century. Its origins lie in the mid-1920s, when a group of young Hanoi-based intellectuals began publishing revolutionary material. In 1927, after the publishing house failed because of French harassment and censorship, the VNQDD was formed under the leadership of Nguyễn Thái Học. Modelling itself on the Republic of China's Kuomintang the VNQDD gained a following among northerners, particularly teachers and intellectuals. The party, which was less successful among peasants and industrial workers, was organised in small clandestine cells.

Democratic Party of Vietnam former political party in Vietnam

The Democratic Party of Vietnam was a political party in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. It was founded on 30 July 1944 to unite petty bourgeoisie and intelligentsia. It joined Vietminh. From 1954 to 1975, it was active in North Vietnam and from 1975 to 1988 in the re-unified Vietnam. It supported the line of the Communist Party of Vietnam and became in effect its satellite party. It was a member of the Vietnamese Fatherland Front and was represented in the Vietnamese parliament and government, its leader was Nghiem Xuan Yem. The party was disbanded in 1988.

Many members of these parties have been jailed in Vietnam under the charge of "attempt to overthrow the government". Political rights are very limited in Vietnam, especially right to change the government. [2] [3]

See also

Politics of Vietnam

The politics of Vietnam are defined by a single-party socialist republic framework, where the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam is the Party leader and head of the Politburo, holding the highest position in the one-party system. The President of Vietnam is the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Vietnam is the head of government in a one-party system led by the Communist Party of Vietnam. Executive power is exercised by the government and the President of Vietnam. Legislative power is vested in the National Assembly of Vietnam. The Judiciary is independent of the executive. The parliament adopted the current Constitution of Vietnam; its fifth, on 28 November 2013.

Related Research Articles

Vietnamese Fatherland Front ruling coalition and sole legal political coalition of Vietnam

The Vietnamese Fatherland Front is an umbrella group of mass movements in Vietnam aligned with the Communist Party of Vietnam forming part of the Vietnamese government. It was founded in February 1977 by the merger of the Vietnamese Fatherland Front of North Vietnam and two Việt Cộng groups, the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam and the Alliance of National, Democratic and Peace Forces of Việt Nam. It is an amalgamation of many smaller groups, including the Communist Party itself. Other groups that participated in the establishment of the Front were the remnants of the Việt Cộng, the Vietnam General Confederation of Labour, the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union and the Ho Chi Minh Young Pioneer Organization. It also included the Democratic Party of Vietnam and Socialist Party of Vietnam, until they disbanded in 1988. It also incorporates some officially sanctioned religious groups.

Flag of Vietnam flag

The flag of Vietnam, or "red flag with a gold star", was designed in 1940 and used during an uprising against French rule in southern Vietnam that year. Red symbolizes the goals of social revolution behind the Vietnamese national uprising. The star represents the five main classes in Vietnamese society—intellectuals, farmers, workers, businesspeople and military personnel.

Government of Free Vietnam unrecognized anti-communist government in exile headquartered in the American cities of Garden Grove, California and Missouri City, Texas, U.S.

The Government of Free Vietnam was an unrecognized government in exile of a hypothetical Republic of Vietnam. It was an anti-communist political organization headquartered in the U.S. cities of Garden Grove, California and Missouri City, Texas.

Indochinese Communist Party

The Indochinese Communist Party was a political party which was transformed from the old Vietnamese Communist Party in October 1930. This party dissolved itself on 11 November 1945.

Empire of Vietnam former country

The Empire of Vietnam was a short-lived puppet state of Imperial Japan governing the whole of Vietnam between March 11 and August 23, 1945.

Nguyễn Hải Thần was a leader of the Việt Nam Cách Mạng Đồng Minh Hội and a political leader during the Vietnamese Revolution. In 1905, he left Vietnam to study at military academies first in Japan then in China as part of Phan Bội Châu's Đông-Du Movement. In 1912, he joined Châu's Vietnam Restoration League and became one of its representative in Kwangsi and one of its most capable military leaders.

Nguyễn Phú Trọng General Secretary of the Communist Party and President of Vietnam

Nguyễn Phú Trọng is a Vietnamese politician who is the current General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, in office since 19 January 2011, and President of Vietnam, de jure head of state of Vietnam, in office since 23 October 2018.

Personalist Labor Revolutionary Party former Vietnamese political party

The Personalist Labor Revolutionary Party, often simply called the Can Lao Party, was a Vietnamese political party, formed in early 1950s by the president of Republic of Vietnam Ngô Đình Diệm and his brother as well as the adviser of the regime, Ngô Đình Nhu.

Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam political party from Vietnam, active in exile

The Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam, often known simply as Đại Việt or DVQDD, was a nationalist and anti-communist political party and militant organisation that was active in Vietnam in the 20th century. The party continues to be active outside of Vietnam, with the goal of a multi-party democratic government for the country.

Trần Phú Vietnamese communist leader

Trần Phú was a Vietnamese revolutionary and the first general secretary of the Indochinese Communist Party, later renamed to Communist Party of Vietnam.

Trương Tấn Sang former President of Vietnam

Trương Tấn Sang is a Vietnamese politician, who served as the seventh President of Vietnam from 2011 to 2016. He was one of Vietnam's top leaders, alongside prime minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng and Party general secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng. In July 2011, Trương Tấn Sang was elected state president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam by the National Assembly of Vietnam and nominated by his predecessor Nguyễn Minh Triết who retired from office.

Trần Văn Cung Vietnamese politician

Trần Văn Cung was a Vietnamese revolutionary, who was the secretary of the first communist cell in Vietnam.

Tạ Phong Tần is a Vietnamese dissident blogger. A former policewoman and a member of the Communist Party of Vietnam, she was arrested in September 2011 on anti-state propaganda charges for her blog posts alleging government corruption. On 30 July, Tạ Phong Tần's mother Dang Thi Kim Lieng immolated herself in front of the government offices in Bạc Liêu Province in protest of the charges against her daughter. On 24 September 2012, Tạ Phong Tần was sentenced to ten years in prison. Her arrest was protested by groups including the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the US State Department, Amnesty International, and Human Rights Watch.

Political organizations and Armed forces in Vietnam

Political organizations and Armed forces in Vietnam, since 1912 :

The Indochinese Communist League was one of the three communist groups of 1929–1930 which formed the base of the Vietnamese Communist Party in Vietnam, and within colonial French Indochina.

The Tân Việt or New Vietnam Revolutionary Party or Revolutionary Party of the New Vietnam 1925-1930, was a non-communist revolutionary party in Vietnam's early independence movement founded by Nguyễn Thị Minh Khai (1910–1941). It incorporated the Hội Phục Việt of Trần Phú.

Vũ Hồng Khanh born Vũ Văn Giảng (武文講), was a Vietnamese revolutionary of the Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng faction.

References

  1. ↑ Länder der Erde. Politisch-ökonomisches Handbuch. Berlin [Ost], 1971.
  2. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-07-23. Retrieved 2013-09-01.
  3. ↑ https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/204463.pdf
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