List of carnivorous plants

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Darlingtonia californica is a carnivorous plant, the sole member of the genus Darlingtonia in the family Sarraceniaceae. Darlingtonia californica ne1.JPG
Darlingtonia californica is a carnivorous plant, the sole member of the genus Darlingtonia in the family Sarraceniaceae.

This list of carnivorous plants is a comprehensive listing of all known carnivorous plant species, of which more than 750 are currently recognised. [1] Unless otherwise stated it is based on Jan Schlauer's Carnivorous Plant Database Archived 2016-09-18 at the Wayback Machine . Extinct taxa are denoted with a dagger (†).

Contents

Some of the species on this list may not satisfy certain strict definitions of plant carnivory, and could alternatively be characterised as merely paracarnivorous or protocarnivorous.

Extant species

Aldrovanda

Aldrovanda vesiculosa AldrovandaVesiculosaHabit.jpg
Aldrovanda vesiculosa

This genus contains a single extant species.

Brocchinia

This genus contains around 20 extant species, of which at least two are thought to be carnivorous.

Byblis

The following list of 8 species is based on Carnivorous Plants of Australia Magnum Opus (2013). [2]

Catopsis

This genus contains around 20 extant species, of which at least one is thought to be carnivorous.

Cephalotus

This genus contains a single extant species.

Darlingtonia

This genus contains a single extant species.

Dionaea

Dionaea muscipula Venus Flytrap showing trigger hairs.jpg
Dionaea muscipula

This genus contains a single extant species.

Drosera

There are around 208 species here:

Drosera binata Drosera binata.jpg
Drosera binata
Drosera derbyensis Drosera derbyensis ne1.JPG
Drosera derbyensis
Drosera hartmeyerorum DroseraHartmeyerorumSpecialGlands.jpg
Drosera hartmeyerorum
Drosera madagascariensis Drosera madagascariensis ne.jpg
Drosera madagascariensis
Drosera pedicellaris D pedicellaris1.JPG
Drosera pedicellaris
Drosera tokaiensis Drosera spatulata KansaiHabit.jpg
Drosera tokaiensis

Drosophyllum

Drosophyllum lusitanicum Drosophyllum lusitanicum b.jpg
Drosophyllum lusitanicum

This genus contains a single extant species.

Genlisea

The following list of 29 species is based on Monograph of the Genus Genlisea (2012). [3]

Genlisea violacea Genlisea violacea giant.jpg
Genlisea violacea

Heliamphora

The following list of 23 species (plus 2 undescribed species) is based on Sarraceniaceae of South America (2011). [4]

Heliamphora nutans Kew.gardens.pitcher.plant.heliamphora.arp.jpg
Heliamphora nutans

Nepenthes

The following list of 170 species (plus 2 undescribed species) is based on Pitcher Plants of the Old World (2009) [5] and New Nepenthes (2011), [6] with the addition of newly described species.

Nepenthes aristolochioides Nepenthes aristolochioides.jpg
Nepenthes aristolochioides
Nepenthes eymae Nepenthes eymae upper.jpg
Nepenthes eymae
Nepenthes rajah Nepenthes rajah.png
Nepenthes rajah
Nepenthes villosa Nepenthes villosa.jpg
Nepenthes villosa

Philcoxia

This genus contains seven extant species, all of which are thought to be carnivorous.

Pinguicula

Pinguicula moranensis Pinguicula moranensis.jpg
Pinguicula moranensis

Roridula

This genus contains two extant species.

Sarracenia

The following list of 8 species is based on Sarraceniaceae of North America (2011). [7]

Sarracenia oreophila Sarracenia oreophila ne3.jpg
Sarracenia oreophila

Some authorities additionally recognise up to three more species:

Stylidium

Around 300 species of Stylidium are currently recognised.

Stylidium bulbiferum 13872.Stylidiaceae - Stylidium bulbiferum.jpg
Stylidium bulbiferum
Stylidium dichotomum 13871.Stylidiaceae - Stylidium dichotomum.jpg
Stylidium dichotomum
Bud and scape of Stylidium fimbriatum displaying the trichomes that can trap and kill insects. Stylidium bud and scape.jpg
Bud and scape of Stylidium fimbriatum displaying the trichomes that can trap and kill insects.
Stlydium laricifolium print from William Jackson Hooker's 1823 Exotic Flora. Stylidium-laricifolium.jpg
Stlydium laricifolium print from William Jackson Hooker's 1823 Exotic Flora.
Stylidium productum Stylidium productum.JPG
Stylidium productum
Curtis's Botanical Magazine print of Stylidium scandens. Curtisstylidium.jpg
Curtis's Botanical Magazine print of Stylidium scandens.
Stylidium turbinatum StylidiumHabitus.jpg
Stylidium turbinatum

Triantha

This genus contains at least 4 species, one of which was reported to be carnivorous in 2021. [8]

Triphyophyllum

Triphyophyllum peltatum TriphyophyllumPeltatumTopview.jpg
Triphyophyllum peltatum

This genus contains a single extant species.

Utricularia

Utricularia bisquamata Utricularia bisquamata flora.jpg
Utricularia bisquamata
Utricularia dichotoma Utricularia dichotoma.jpg
Utricularia dichotoma
Utricularia inflata Utricularia (floating).gif
Utricularia inflata
Utricularia minor Utricularia minor USDA.jpg
Utricularia minor
Utricularia sandersonii Utriculariasandersoniibluete.JPG
Utricularia sandersonii
Utricularia warburgii Utricularia warburgii.jpg
Utricularia warburgii

Extinct species

Aldrovanda

Numerous extinct species of Aldrovanda have been described, all of which are known only from fossil pollen and seeds (with the exception of A. inopinata, which is also known from fossilised laminae).

†Archaeamphora

Artist's restoration of Archaeamphora longicervia. Archaeamphora longicervia.png
Artist's restoration of Archaeamphora longicervia .

This genus contains a single extinct species, described from fossilised leaf material. The identification of Archaeamphora as a pitcher plant (and therefore carnivorous plant) has been questioned by a number of authors. [4] [9] [10]

† Droserapites

This is a form taxon known only from fossil pollen.

† Droserapollis

This is a form taxon known only from fossil pollen.

† Droseridites

This is a form taxon known only from fossil pollen. Three species of the "Droseridites echinosporus group" have been transferred to the genus Nepenthes (see below).

† Fischeripollis

This is a form taxon known only from fossil pollen.

Nepenthes

Three species known only from fossil pollen and originally assigned to Droseridites have been transferred to the genus Nepenthes.

†Nepenthidites

This is a form taxon known only from fossil pollen. Droseridites major (Nepenthes major) and Droseridites parvus are considered synonyms of Nepenthidites laitryngewensis by some authorities. [11]

†Palaeoaldrovanda

This is a form taxon known only from what were originally described as fossil seeds. These supposed seeds have subsequently been identified as insect eggs. [9]

†Saxonipollis

This is a form taxon known only from fossil pollen.

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Nepenthes sibuyanensis</i> Species of pitcher plant from the Philippines

Nepenthes sibuyanensis is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sibuyan Island in the Philippines, after which it is named.

<i>Nepenthes stenophylla</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes stenophylla, or the narrow-leaved pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. The species produces attractive funnel-shaped pitchers up to 25 cm high. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. Nepenthes stenophylla belongs to the loosely defined "N. maxima complex", which also includes, among other species, N. boschiana, N. chaniana, N. epiphytica, N. eymae, N. faizaliana, N. fusca, N. klossii, N. maxima, N. platychila, and N. vogelii.

<i>Nepenthes klossii</i> Species of pitcher plant from New Guinea

Nepenthes klossii is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to New Guinea.

<i>Nepenthes boschiana</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes boschiana, or Bosch's pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. It is most closely allied to N. faizaliana. Nepenthes borneensis is considered a synonym of this species. Nepenthes boschiana has no known natural hybrids. No valid forms or varieties have been described. Nepenthes boschiana belongs to the loosely defined "N. maxima complex", which also includes, among other species, N. chaniana, N. epiphytica, N. eymae, N. faizaliana, N. fusca, N. klossii, N. maxima, N. platychila, N. stenophylla, and N. vogelii.

<i>Nepenthes bongso</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes bongso is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra, where it has an altitudinal distribution of 1000–2700 m above sea level. The specific epithet bongso refers to the Indonesian legend of Putri Bungsu, the spirit guardian of Mount Marapi.

<i>Nepenthes vogelii</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes vogelii is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. It is thought to be most closely related to N. fusca.

<i>Nepenthes gymnamphora</i> Species of pitcher plant from Indonesia

Nepenthes gymnamphora is a tropical pitcher plant native to the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra. It has a wide altitudinal range of 600–2,800 metres (2,000–9,200 ft) above sea level. There is much debate surrounding the taxonomic status of this species and the taxa N. pectinata and N. xiphioides.

<i>Nepenthes lamii</i> Species of carnivorous plant

Nepenthes lamii is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to New Guinea, where it grows at an altitude of up to 3520 m above sea level, higher than any other Nepenthes species. Although once confused with N. vieillardii and previously regarded as conspecific with the closely related N. monticola, it is now recognised as a distinct species.

<i>Nepenthes merrilliana</i> Tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Philippines

Nepenthes merrilliana is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Philippines. It produces some of the largest pitchers in the genus, rivalling those of N. rajah.

<i>Nepenthes longifolia</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes longifolia is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra, where it grows at elevations of between 300 and 1100 m above sea level. The specific epithet longifolia, formed from the Latin words longus (long) and folius (leaf), refers to the exceptionally large leaves of this species.

<i>Nepenthes dubia</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes dubia is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Indonesian island of Sumatra, where it grows at an altitude of 1600–2700 m above sea level. The specific epithet dubia is the Latin word for "doubtful".

<i>Nepenthes inermis</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes inermis is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The specific epithet inermis is Latin for "unarmed" and refers to the upper pitchers of this species, which are unique in that they completely lack a peristome.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carnivorous plant</span> Plants that consume animals

Carnivorous plants are plants that derive some or most of their nutrients from trapping and consuming animals or protozoans, typically insects and other arthropods, and occasionally small mammals and birds. They still generate all of their energy from photosynthesis. They have adapted to grow in waterlogged sunny places where the soil is thin or poor in nutrients, especially nitrogen, such as acidic bogs. They can be found on all continents except Antarctica, as well as many Pacific islands. In 1875, Charles Darwin published Insectivorous Plants, the first treatise to recognize the significance of carnivory in plants, describing years of painstaking research.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alastair Robinson</span> Botanist and Botanical illustrator

Alastair S. Robinson is a taxonomist and field botanist specialising in the carnivorous plant genus Nepenthes, for which he is regarded as a world authority. He is currently Manager Biodiversity Services at the National Herbarium of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, where he oversees identification botany services, the Library and Artwork components of the State Botanical Collection, and the botanical journal Muelleria, a peer-reviewed scientific journal on botany published by the Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, for which he is Editor in Chief.

<i>Carnivorous Plants of Australia</i> Work by Allen Lowrie

Carnivorous Plants of Australia is a three-volume work on carnivorous plants by Allen Lowrie. The three tomes were published in 1987, 1989, and 1998, by University of Western Australia Press.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carnivorous plants of Australia</span>

Australia has one of the world's richest carnivorous plant floras, with around 187 recognised species from 6 genera.

<i>Nepenthes viridis</i> Species of pitcher plant from the Philippines

Nepenthes viridis is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Philippines. It is known only from coastal areas at low altitude and has been recorded from Dinagat, Samar, and a number of surrounding islets. It is closely allied to the N. alata group of species.

References

  1. ↑ Lowrie, A. (2013). Preface. In: Carnivorous Plants of Australia Magnum Opus - Volume One . Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. xi–xiii. ISBN   978-1-908787-11-8.
  2. ↑ Lowrie, A. (2013). Byblis. In: Carnivorous Plants of Australia Magnum Opus - Volume One . Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 205–237. ISBN   978-1-908787-11-8.
  3. ↑ Fleischmann, A. (2012). Monograph of the Genus Genlisea. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. ISBN   978-190-878-700-2.
  4. 1 2 McPherson, S., A. Wistuba, A. Fleischmann & J. Nerz (2011). Sarraceniaceae of South America . Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. ISBN   978-0-9558918-7-8.
  5. ↑ McPherson, S.R. (2009). Pitcher Plants of the Old World . 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. ISBN   978-0-9558918-2-3. ISBN   978-0-9558918-3-0.
  6. ↑ McPherson, S.R. (2011). New Nepenthes: Volume One . Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. ISBN   978-0-9558918-9-2.
  7. ↑ McPherson, S. & D. Schnell (2011). Sarraceniaceae of North America. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. ISBN   978-0-9558918-6-1.
  8. ↑ Lin, Qianshi; Ané, Cécile; Givnish, Thomas J.; Graham, Sean W. (August 17, 2021). "A new carnivorous plant lineage (Triantha) with a unique sticky-inflorescence trap". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 118 (33): e2022724118. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11822724L. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2022724118 . PMC   8379919 . PMID   34373325.
  9. 1 2 Heřmanová, Z. & J. Kvaček (2010). Late Cretaceous Palaeoaldrovanda, not seeds of a carnivorous plant, but eggs of an insect Archived 2015-10-09 at the Wayback Machine . Journal of the National Museum (Prague), Natural History Series, 179(9): 105–118.
  10. ↑ Brittnacher, J. (2013). Phylogeny and biogeography of the Sarraceniaceae. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 42(3): 99–106.
  11. ↑ Saxena, R.K. & G.K. Trivedi (2006). A Catalogue of Tertiary Spores and Pollen from India. Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow.
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