Nepenthes faizaliana

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Nepenthes faizaliana
Pinnacles N. faizaliana 3.jpg
An upper pitcher of Nepenthes faizaliana from Mount Api
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Nepenthaceae
Genus: Nepenthes
Species:
N. faizaliana
Binomial name
Nepenthes faizaliana
J.H.Adam & Wilcock (1991) [2]

Nepenthes faizaliana /nɪˈpɛnθiːzˌfaɪzæliˈɑːnə/ is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the limestone cliffs of Gunung Mulu National Park in Sarawak, Borneo. It is thought to be most closely related to N. boschiana . [3]

Botanical history

The type specimen of N. faizaliana, S 44163 (Lai & Jugah), was collected on November 10, 1981, on Batu Panjang [4] in Gunung Mulu National Park. [5] The holotype is deposited at the Sarawak Forest Department Herbarium (SAR) in Kuching, Sarawak; isotypes are held at the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K) and at the National Herbarium of the Netherlands (L) in Leiden. [5]

Nepenthes faizaliana was formally described in 1991 by J. H. Adam and C. C. Wilcock. The description was published in the botanical journal Blumea . [2] Nepenthes faizaliana was named after Muhammad Khairul Faizal, son of describing author J. H. Adam. [2]

In 1997, Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek reduced N. faizaliana to a heterotypic synonym of N. stenophylla in their monograph on the genus. [6] This treatment was followed by Anthea Phillipps and Anthony Lamb in their book Pitcher-Plants of Borneo . [7] However, Charles Clarke retained N. faizaliana as a distinct species in his monograph Nepenthes of Borneo , which was published a few months after the work of Jebb and Cheek. [3] This interpretation has been supported by subsequent authors. [4] [5] [8] [9]

Description

The climbing stem of Nepenthes faizaliana may be up to 8 mm in diameter. Internodes are cylindrical in cross section and up to 3 cm long. [3]

A lower pitcher Pinnacles N. faizaliana 10.jpg
A lower pitcher

The leaves alternate around the stem. They are petiolate and coriaceous in texture. The lamina is lanceolate to elliptic in shape and up to 14 cm long by 4 cm wide. It has an acute apex and an obtuse base. The petiole is canaliculate and up to 5 cm long. It is semi-amplexicaul, but lacks wings. Two longitudinal veins are present on either side of the midrib. Pinnate veins are indistinct. Tendrils reach 20 cm in length. [3]

Lower pitchers have not been formally described, [3] although they are smaller and less frequently produced than their aerial counterparts. [10] Upper pitchers are narrowly infundibular, becoming slightly wider in the upper part. They reach over 30 cm in height. [10] In aerial pitchers, wings are usually reduced to a pair of ribs. [3] The waxy zone of the inner surface is well developed. [11] The pitcher mouth has an oblique insertion. The peristome is flattened, cylindrical in cross section, and up to 4 mm wide. The lid or operculum is orbicular and has a distinctive glandular crest on its underside. An unbranched spur is inserted near the base of the lid. [3]

An intermediate pitcher Pinnacles N. faizaliana 16.jpg
An intermediate pitcher

Nepenthes faizaliana has a racemose inflorescence. The female inflorescence of this species has not been formally described. [3] In male inflorescences, the peduncle is up to 17 cm long, while the axis reaches 40 cm in length. Pedicels are one-flowered, up to 20 mm long, and typically possess bracts. Sepals are lanceolate to oblong in shape and up to 4 mm long. [3] A study of 120 pollen samples taken from the type specimen (S 44163 (Lai & Jugah)) found the mean pollen diameter to be 32.3 μm (SE = 0.4; CV = 7.6%). [12]

Nepenthes faizaliana bears an indumentum of white, stellate hairs on its stem and petioles. The upper surface of the lamina is glabrous, whereas the underside has a sparse covering of short, branched hairs. In addition, long white hairs are present at the base of the midrib. [3]

Ecology

Nepenthes faizaliana is endemic to the limestone peaks of Gunung Mulu National Park in Sarawak, Borneo. [3] It typically occurs at elevations of 1000 to 1600 m above sea level, [3] [9] although it has been recorded from elevations as low as 400 m. [10] N. faizaliana occurs both terrestrially and as an epiphyte on limestone outcrops and exposed ridge tops. [10] It grows in close proximity to a number of other Nepenthes species, including N. stenophylla , N. tentaculata , and N. vogelii , but only one putative natural hybrid with N. veitchii has been recorded. [8]

Nepenthes faizaliana growing along the Pinnacles Trail on Mount Api Pinnacles N. faizaliana 14.jpg
Nepenthes faizaliana growing along the Pinnacles Trail on Mount Api

Although most populations of N. faizaliana are remote and inaccessible to regular visitors, the species can be easily observed along the Pinnacles Trail on Mount Api. [10] [13]

Nepenthes faizaliana belongs to the loosely defined "N. maxima complex", which also includes, among other species, N. boschiana , N. chaniana , N. epiphytica , N. eymae , N. fusca , N. klossii , N. maxima , N. platychila , N. stenophylla , and N. vogelii . [14]

Nepenthes faizaliana appears to be most closely related to N. boschiana . These two species differ in the extent of their indumentums; that of N. faizaliana is well developed and conspicuous, while mature plants of N. boschiana are virtually glabrous. In addition, the lower pitchers of N. boschiana tend to have a more bulbous base and a wider peristome. The upper pitchers are hard to distinguish, although those of N. boschiana usually have a wider mouth. Charles Clarke writes that these differences are "not major" and that "closer comparisons seem warranted". [3] Nepenthes boschiana and N. faizaliana are both limestone endemics and occur on the highest limestone formations in Borneo: the Meratus Range and the cliffs of Gunung Mulu National Park, respectively. [3]

Pinnacles N. faizaliana 8.jpg
Gunung Murud logging road N. stenophylla 10.jpg
An upper pitcher of N. faizaliana (left) and N. stenophylla (right)

Nepenthes faizaliana is also similar to N. stenophylla , with which it was once synonymised. It differs from that species in having more lanceolate leaves, larger inflorescences, as well as a wider, more colourful [10] and less recurved peristome. The flowers of N. faizaliana are borne singly on bracteate pedicels rather than on two-flowered partial peduncles. In addition, the glandular crest of N. faizaliana differs in shape and its lower pitchers are generally bulbous in the lower parts, unlike those of N. stenophylla. [3] Some authors treat N. fallax in synonymy with N. stenophylla, while others consider them to be two distinct species, with plants commonly referred to as N. stenophylla actually representing N. fallax. [3] [15] [16]

Nepenthes faizaliana also bears a resemblance to N. fusca . In their description of the former, Adam and Wilcock distinguished these taxa on the basis of inflorescence structure, the size of the glandular region on the inner surface of upper pitchers, and the development and characteristics of the indumentum. [2] [3] In addition, N. faizaliana differs in having an orbicular pitcher lid, as opposed to the very narrow lid of N. fusca. [3]

Related Research Articles

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Nepenthes villosa, or the villose pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Mount Kinabalu and neighbouring Mount Tambuyukon in northeastern Borneo. It grows at higher elevations than any other Bornean Nepenthes species, occurring at elevations of over 3,200 m (10,500 ft). Nepenthes villosa is characterised by its highly developed and intricate peristome, which distinguishes it from the closely related N. edwardsiana and N. macrophylla.

<i>Nepenthes tentaculata</i> Species of pitcher plant from Southeast Asia

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<i>Nepenthes hirsuta</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes hirsuta, the hairy pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. It is characterised by an indumentum of thick brown hairs, which is even present on the inflorescence. Pitchers are mostly green throughout with some having red blotches on the inside surfaces.

<i>Nepenthes veitchii</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

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<i>Nepenthes lowii</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes lowii, or Low's pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. It is named after Hugh Low, who discovered it on Mount Kinabalu. This species is perhaps the most unusual in the genus, being characterised by its strongly constricted upper pitchers, which bear a greatly reduced peristome and a reflexed lid with numerous bristles on its lower surface.

<i>Nepenthes fusca</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

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<i>Nepenthes macrovulgaris</i> Tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo

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<i>Nepenthes stenophylla</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes stenophylla, or the narrow-leaved pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. The species produces attractive funnel-shaped pitchers up to 25 cm high. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. Nepenthes stenophylla belongs to the loosely defined "N. maxima complex", which also includes, among other species, N. boschiana, N. chaniana, N. epiphytica, N. eymae, N. faizaliana, N. fusca, N. klossii, N. maxima, N. platychila, and N. vogelii.

<i>Nepenthes boschiana</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes boschiana, or Bosch's pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. It is most closely allied to N. faizaliana. Nepenthes borneensis is considered a synonym of this species. Nepenthes boschiana has no known natural hybrids. No valid forms or varieties have been described. Nepenthes boschiana belongs to the loosely defined "N. maxima complex", which also includes, among other species, N. chaniana, N. epiphytica, N. eymae, N. faizaliana, N. fusca, N. klossii, N. maxima, N. platychila, N. stenophylla, and N. vogelii.

<i>Nepenthes pilosa</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

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<i>Nepenthes mapuluensis</i> Tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo

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<i>Nepenthes chaniana</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes chaniana is a tropical pitcher plant species belonging to the genus Nepenthes. It is characterised by a dense indumentum of long, white hairs. Pitchers are cylindrical and mostly white to yellow in colouration. Nepenthes chaniana belongs to the loosely defined "N. maxima complex", which also includes, among other species, N. boschiana, N. epiphytica, N. eymae, N. faizaliana, N. fusca, N. klossii, N. maxima, N. platychila, N. stenophylla, and N. vogelii.

A skeletal revision of <i>Nepenthes</i> (Nepenthaceae)

"A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)" is a monograph by Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek on the tropical pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes. It was published in the May 1997 issue of the botanical journal Blumea. The work represented the first revision of the entire genus since John Muirhead Macfarlane's 1908 monograph. Jebb and Cheek's revision was based on "collaborative work by both authors since 1984, largely on herbarium specimens, but including fieldwork in New Guinea, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Madagascar". It was a precursor to their more exhaustive 2001 monograph, "Nepenthaceae".

References

  1. ↑ Clarke, C.M. (2018). "Nepenthes faizaliana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T40108A143966870. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T40108A143966870.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Adam, J.H. & C.C. Wilcock 1991. A new species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Sarawak. Blumea36(1): 123–125.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo . Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  4. 1 2 Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes faizaliana. Carnivorous Plant Database.
  5. 1 2 3 Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2001. Nepenthaceae. Flora Malesiana15: 1–157.
  6. ↑ Jebb, M.H.P. & M.R. Cheek 1997. A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). Blumea42(1): 1–106.
  7. ↑ Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo . Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  8. 1 2 Phillipps, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. Pitcher Plants of Borneo . Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  9. 1 2 McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World . 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Clarke, C.M. & C.C. Lee 2004. Pitcher Plants of Sarawak . Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  11. ↑ Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology25(1): 90–102. doi : 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02406.x
  12. ↑ Adam, J.H. & C.C. Wilcock 1999. Palynological study of Bornean Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science22(1): 1–7.
  13. ↑ Steiner, H. 2002. Borneo: Its Mountains and Lowlands with their Pitcher Plants . Toihaan Publishing Company, Kota Kinabalu.
  14. ↑ Robinson, A.S., J. Nerz & A. Wistuba 2011. Nepenthes epiphytica, a new pitcher plant from East Kalimantan. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One . Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 36–51.
  15. ↑ Schlauer, J. 2006. Nepenthes fallax Archived 2020-05-13 at the Wayback Machine . Carnivorous Plant Database.
  16. ↑ Schlauer, J. 1996. N.stenophylla, once again. Carnivorous Plant Mailing List, May 31, 1996.

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