id Software is an American video game developer based in Richardson, Texas. It was founded in February 1991 by four members of the software company Softdisk: programmers John Carmack and John Romero, game designer Tom Hall, and artist Adrian Carmack. The founders, along with business manager Jay Wilbur, had previously developed the 1990 PC game Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons as "Ideas from the Deep" while still employees of Softdisk. [1] After its founding, id developed further shareware computer games in the Commander Keen series for Apogee Software, as well as a series of small games for Softdisk, before releasing the "grandfather of first-person shooters", Wolfenstein 3D , in 1992 through both shareware and retail. [2] It was followed by Doom (1993), considered one of the most significant and influential titles in video game history, which id self-published in shareware before releasing for retail through GT Interactive. [3] [4] [5] GT Interactive published a sequel, Doom II (1994) and the two companies split publishing duties on id's final self-published or shareware game, Quake (1996). [6] [7]
The company has focused primarily on further computer and mobile games in the Doom and Quake series since 1993, with the addition of the Rage series: Rage: Mutant Bash TV (2010), Rage (2011), and Rage 2 (2019). Additionally, it co-developed a set of mobile phone games with Fountainhead Entertainment in 2005–2009, including Orcs & Elves (2006), Orcs & Elves II (2007), and Wolfenstein RPG (2008). It has released eight Doom games and five Quake titles in total. These games have been published through retail primarily by Activision, EA Mobile, and Bethesda Softworks. Additionally, id published three games in the Heretic series by Raven Software in 1994–1997, before ceasing its publishing operations. [8] [9] [10] In 2009, id was purchased by ZeniMax Media, the parent company of Bethesda. [11] The company's latest release is the first-person shooter Quake Champions (2022). [12]
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Original release date: December 14, 1990 [13] | Release years by system: 1990 – MS-DOS [13] |
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Original release date: 1991 [17] | Release years by system: 1991 – MS-DOS [17] |
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Original release date: April 1991 [17] | Release years by system: 1991 – MS-DOS [17] |
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Original release date: 1991 [17] | Release years by system: 1991 – MS-DOS [17] 2008 – Mobile phones [20] |
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Original release date: 1991 [17] | Release years by system: 1991 – MS-DOS [17] |
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Original release date: 1991 [17] | Release years by system: 1991 – MS-DOS [17] 2013 – Android [21] 2015 – Windows, Linux [22] 2016 – macOS [22] 2019 – Nintendo Switch [23] |
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Rescue Rover 2 Original release date: 1991 [17] | Release years by system: 1991 – MS-DOS [17] |
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Original release date: November 1991 [17] | Release years by system: 1991 – MS-DOS [17] |
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Original release date: December 15, 1991 [24] | Release years by system: 1991 – MS-DOS [24] |
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Original release date: December 1991 [24] | Release years by system: 1991 – MS-DOS [24] |
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Original release date: May 5, 1992 [25] | Release years by system: 1992 – MS-DOS [25] 1994 – Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Mac OS, Atari Jaguar, Acorn Archimedes [26] [27] 1995 – 3DO [28] 1998 – Apple IIGS, PC-98 [26] 2002 – Game Boy Advance [29] 2009 – Xbox Live Arcade, PlayStation Network, iOS [30] [31] [32] 2012 – Web browsers [33] |
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Original release date: 1992 [17] | Release years by system: 1992 – MS-DOS [17] |
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Original release date: December 10, 1993 [35] | Release years by system: 1993 – MS-DOS, AmigaOS [36] 1994 – 32X, Atari Jaguar, Mac OS [lower-alpha 2] [36] [38] 1995 – Super Nintendo Entertainment System, PlayStation, Windows [36] 1996 – 3DO [36] 1997 – Sega Saturn [36] 2001 – Game Boy Advance [36] 2006 – Xbox 360 [36] 2009 – iOS [36] 2012 – PlayStation 3 [39] 2019 – Nintendo Switch [40] |
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Original release date: October 10, 1994 [45] | Release years by system: 1994 – MS-DOS, Mac OS [lower-alpha 2] [46] 1995 – PlayStation [47] 2002 – Game Boy Advance [46] 2003 – Tapwave Zodiac [46] 2005 – Xbox [39] 2010 – Xbox 360 [46] 2012 – PlayStation 3 [39] |
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Original release date: June 22, 1996 [51] | Release years by system: 1996 – MS-DOS [52] 1997 – Mac OS, Sega Saturn [52] 1998 – Nintendo 64, AmigaOS [52] [53] 1999 – Linux [lower-alpha 3] [55] 2005 – Mobile phones [56] |
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Original release date: December 9, 1997 [64] | Release years by system: 1997 – Windows [65] 1999 – Nintendo 64, PlayStation, Linux, macOS [65] [66] 2005 – Xbox 360 [67] |
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Original release date: December 5, 1999 [72] | Release years by system: 1999 – Windows, Linux, macOS [72] [73] 2000 – Dreamcast [72] 2001 – PlayStation 2 [72] 2010 – Xbox 360 [72] |
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Original release date: August 3, 2004 [75] | Release years by system: 2004 – Windows, Linux [75] 2005 – macOS, Xbox [75] 2012 – PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 (BFG Edition) 2015 – Android (BFG Edition) [76] |
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Original release date: September 19, 2005 [78] | Release years by system: 2005 – Mobile phones [78] |
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Original release date: May 2006 [79] | Release years by system: 2006 – Mobile phones [79] 2007 – Nintendo DS [79] |
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Orcs & Elves II Original release date: December 3, 2007 [80] | Release years by system: 2007 – Mobile phones [80] |
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Original release date: Q3 2008 [81] | Release years by system: 2008 – Mobile phones [81] 2009 – iOS [81] |
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Original release date: November 23, 2009 [82] | Release years by system: 2009 – Mobile phones, BlackBerry [82] 2010 – iOS, Windows Mobile [83] |
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Original release date: August 6, 2010 [84] | Release years by system: 2010 – PC [84] |
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Original release date: November 18, 2010 [86] | Release years by system: 2010 – iOS [86] |
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Original release date: October 4, 2011 [88] | Release years by system: 2011 – Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 [88] 2012 – macOS [89] |
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Original release date: May 13, 2016 [93] | Release years by system: 2016 – Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One [93] 2017 – Nintendo Switch [93] |
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Original release date: December 1, 2017 [95] | Release years by system: 2017 – Windows, PlayStation 4 [95] |
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Original release date: May 14, 2019 [96] | Release years by system: 2019 – Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One |
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Original release date: March 20, 2020 [97] | Release years by system: 2020 – Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch [12] 2021 – PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X/S [98] |
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Original release date: August 18, 2022 [101] | Release years by system: 2022 – Windows [101] |
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Proposed release date: 2025 | Proposed system release: 2025 – Windows, PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X/S |
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Shortly after the release of its sole self-published game, Doom, in 1993, id briefly moved into publishing works by other developers. The only titles it published were a trilogy of games by Raven Software, which use modified versions of game engines developed by id and featured id employees as producers. A fourth game, Strife , was briefly under development by Cygnus Studios and was to be published by id; after a few months it was cancelled. [104] It was later finished by Rogue Entertainment and published by Velocity in 1996. [105]
Title | Details |
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Original release date: December 23, 1994 [8] | Release years by system: 1994 – MS-DOS [8] 1999 – Mac OS [106] |
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Original release date: October 30, 1995 [109] | Release years by system: 1995 – MS-DOS [109] 1997 – Mac OS, PlayStation, Sega Saturn, Nintendo 64 [9] |
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Original release date: August 31, 1997 [10] | Release years by system: 1997 – Windows [10] 2002 – macOS [111] |
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Doom is a first-person shooter game developed and published by id Software. Released on December 10, 1993, for DOS, it is the first installment in the Doom franchise. The player assumes the role of a space marine, later unofficially referred to as Doomguy, fighting through hordes of undead humans and invading demons. The game begins on the moons of Mars and finishes in hell, with the player traversing each level to find its exit or defeat its final boss. It is an early example of 3D graphics in video games, and has enemies and objects as 2D images, a technique sometimes referred to as 2.5D graphics.
id Software LLC is an American video game developer based in Richardson, Texas. It was founded on February 1, 1991, by four members of the computer company Softdisk: programmers John Carmack and John Romero, game designer Tom Hall, and artist Adrian Carmack.
Wolfenstein 3D is a first-person shooter video game developed by id Software and published by Apogee Software and FormGen. Originally released on May 5, 1992, for DOS, it was inspired by the 1981 Muse Software video game Castle Wolfenstein, and is the third installment in the Wolfenstein series. In Wolfenstein 3D, the player assumes the role of Allied spy William "B.J." Blazkowicz during World War II as he escapes from the Nazi German prison Castle Wolfenstein and carries out a series of crucial missions against the Nazis. The player traverses each of the game's levels to find an elevator to the next level or kill a final boss, fighting Nazi soldiers, dogs, and other enemies with a knife and a variety of guns.
Commander Keen is a series of side-scrolling platform video games developed primarily by id Software. The series consists of six main episodes, a "lost" episode, and a final game; all but the final game were released for MS-DOS in 1990 and 1991, while the 2001 Commander Keen was released for the Game Boy Color. The series follows the eponymous Commander Keen, the secret identity of the eight-year-old genius Billy Blaze, as he defends the Earth and the galaxy from alien threats with his homemade spaceship, rayguns, and pogo stick. The first three episodes were developed by Ideas from the Deep, the precursor to id, and published by Apogee Software as the shareware title Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons; the "lost" episode 3.5 Commander Keen in Keen Dreams was developed by id and published as a retail title by Softdisk; episodes four and five were released by Apogee as the shareware Commander Keen in Goodbye, Galaxy; and the simultaneously developed episode six was published in retail by FormGen as Commander Keen in Aliens Ate My Babysitter. Ten years later, an homage and sequel to the series was developed by David A. Palmer Productions and published by Activision as Commander Keen. Another game was announced in 2019 as under development by ZeniMax Online Studios, but was not released.
John D. Carmack II is an American computer programmer and video game developer. He co-founded the video game company id Software and was the lead programmer of its 1990s games Commander Keen, Wolfenstein 3D, Doom, Quake, and their sequels. Carmack made innovations in 3D computer graphics, such as his Carmack's Reverse algorithm for shadow volumes.
Catacomb 3-D is a first-person shooter video game, the third in the Catacomb series, the first of which to feature 3D computer graphics. It was developed by id Software and originally published by Softdisk under the Gamer's Edge label, released in November 1991. The player takes control of the high wizard Petton Everhail, descending into the catacombs of the Towne Cemetery to defeat the evil lich Nemesis and rescue his friend Grelminar.
Adrian Carmack is an American video game artist and one of four co-founders of id Software, along with Tom Hall, John Romero, and John Carmack. The founders met while working at Softdisk's Gamer's Edge division and started id in 1991. Adrian Carmack's primary role at the company was as an artist, including work on Commander Keen, Wolfenstein 3D, Doom, Hexen: Beyond Heretic, Quake, Quake II and Quake III Arena. He is credited as the creator of Doom's grotesque, gory art style as well as the term "gibs". During the development of Doom, Adrian built clay models of the baron of hell, the Doomguy, and the cyberdemon before Gregor Punchatz was hired.
Softdisk was a software and Internet company based in Shreveport, Louisiana. Founded in 1981, its original products were disk magazines. It was affiliated and partly owned by paper magazine Softalk at founding, but survived its demise.
Wolfenstein is a series of World War II video games originally developed by Muse Software. The majority of the games follow William "B.J." Blazkowicz, an American Army captain, and his fight against the Axis powers. Earlier titles are centered around Nazis attempting to harness supernatural and occult forces, while later games are set in an alternate history in which Axis powers won World War II.
id Tech is a series of separate game engines designed and developed by id Software. Prior to the presentation of the id Tech 5-based game Rage in 2011, the engines lacked official designation and as such were simply referred to as the Doom and Quake engines, from the name of the main game series the engines had been developed for. "id Tech" has been released as free software under the GNU General Public License. id Tech versions 0 to 3 were released under GPL-2.0-or-later. id Tech versions 3.5 to 4.5 were released under GPL-3.0-or-later. id Tech 5 to 7 are proprietary, with id Tech 7 currently being the latest utilized engine.
Wolfenstein is a first-person shooter video game developed by Raven Software and published by Activision, part of the Wolfenstein video game series. It serves as a loose sequel to the 2001 entry Return to Castle Wolfenstein, and uses an enhanced version of id Software's id Tech 4. The game was released in August 2009 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.
Catacomb is a 2-D top-down third-person shooter developed and published by Softdisk. It was originally created for the Apple II, and later ported to the PC. It supports EGA and CGA graphics. Catacomb is programmed by John Carmack, who would later work on successful games such as Wolfenstein 3D and Doom. The fast action and the ability to strafe in Catacomb foreshadow Carmack's later work. The enemy movement code in Wolfenstein 3D is based on code from Catacomb.
Commander Keen in Keen Dreams is a side-scrolling platform video game developed by id Software and published by Softdisk in 1991 for DOS. It is the fourth episode of the Commander Keen series. The game follows the titular Commander Keen, an eight-year-old child genius, in an adventure in his dreams as he journeys through a vegetable kingdom to defeat the evil potato king Boobus Tuber and free enslaved children from the Dream machine. The game features Keen running and jumping through various levels while opposed by various vegetable enemies; unlike the prior three episodes, Keen does not use a pogo stick to jump higher, and throws flower power pellets to temporarily turn enemies into flowers rather than shooting a raygun to kill them.
Commander Keen is a side-scrolling platform video game developed by David A. Palmer Productions and published by Activision in June 2001 for the Game Boy Color. Part of the Commander Keen series, it was released ten years after the first seven episodes in 1990–91. The game follows the titular Commander Keen, an eight-year-old child genius, as he journeys through three alien worlds to collect three plasma crystals to prevent the weapon they power, built by several enemies from previous games, from destroying the universe. The game features Keen running, jumping, and shooting through various levels while opposed by aliens, robots, and other hazards.
Timothée Besset is a French software programmer, best known for supporting Linux, as well as some Macintosh, ports of id Software's products. He was involved with the game ports of various id properties through the 2000s, starting with Quake III Arena. Since the development of Doom 3 he was also in charge of the multiplayer network code and various aspects of game coding for id, a role which had him heavily involved in the development of their online game QuakeLive. Since departing id in January 2012 he has worked as a software contractor, including for Valve Software.
Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons is a three-part episodic side-scrolling platform video game developed by Ideas from the Deep and published by Apogee Software in 1990 for MS-DOS. It is the first set of episodes of the Commander Keen series. The game follows the titular Commander Keen, an eight-year-old child genius, as he retrieves the stolen parts of his spaceship from the cities of Mars, prevents a recently arrived alien mothership from destroying landmarks on Earth, and hunts down the leader of the aliens, the Grand Intellect, on the alien home planet. The three episodes feature Keen running, jumping, and shooting through various levels while opposed by aliens, robots, and other hazards.
Commander Keen in Goodbye, Galaxy is a two-part episodic side-scrolling platform video game developed by id Software and published by Apogee Software in 1991 for DOS. It consists of the fifth and sixth episodes of the Commander Keen series, though they are numbered as the fourth and fifth, as Commander Keen in Keen Dreams is not part of the main continuity. The game follows the titular Commander Keen, an eight-year-old child genius, as he first journeys through the Shadowlands to rescue the Gnosticenes so they may ask the Oracle how the Shikadi plan to destroy the galaxy, and then through the Shikadi's Armageddon Machine to stop them. The two episodes feature Keen running, jumping, and shooting through various levels while opposed by aliens, robots, and other hazards.
Commander Keen in Aliens Ate My Babysitter is a side-scrolling platform video game developed by id Software and published by FormGen in December 1991 for DOS. It is the seventh episode of the Commander Keen series, though it is numbered as the sixth, as Commander Keen in Keen Dreams is outside of the main continuity. The game follows the titular Commander Keen, an eight-year-old child genius, as he journeys through an alien world to rescue his kidnapped babysitter. The game features Keen running, jumping, and shooting through various levels while opposed by aliens, robots, and other hazards.