Doom | |
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Created by | |
Original work | Doom (1993) |
Owner | id Software |
Years | 1993–present |
Print publications | |
Novel(s) | Novel series |
Comics | Doom (1996) |
Films and television | |
Film(s) | Doom (2005) |
Direct-to-video | Doom: Annihilation (2019) |
Games | |
Traditional | Doom: The Boardgame (2004) |
Video game(s) | List of video games |
Doom (stylized as DOOM) is an American media franchise created by John Carmack, John Romero, Adrian Carmack, Kevin Cloud, and Tom Hall. [1] The series usually focuses on the exploits of an unnamed space marine (often referred to as Doomguy or Doom Slayer) operating under the auspices of the Union Aerospace Corporation (UAC), who fights hordes of demons and the undead to save Earth from an apocalyptic invasion.
The original Doom is considered one of the first pioneering first-person shooter games, introducing to IBM-compatible computers features such as 3D graphics, third-dimension spatiality, networked multiplayer gameplay, and support for player-created modifications with the Doom WAD format. Over ten million copies of games in the Doom series have been sold; the series has spawned numerous sequels, novels, comic books, board games, and film adaptations.
The Doom video games consist of first-person shooters in which the player controls an unnamed space marine commonly referred to as Doomguy ; in the 2016 series, the protagonist is called the "Doom Slayer" or just "Slayer" in later entries. The player battles the forces of Hell, consisting of demons and the undead. The games are usually set within sprawling bases on Mars or its moons, while some parts occur in Hell. The classic series had only a minimal focus on the narrative, much of which was in the manuals rather than the games. [2] More recent titles, notably the 2016 series, would feature a heavier focus on narrative. [3]
The original game featured eight weapons, designed so that no weapon became obsolete after the acquisition of another. With the player carrying all these weapons at once, the strategy of "gun juggling"—rapidly switching between the weapons depending on circumstance—can be employed. [4] Outside of combat mechanics, Doom levels often feature mazes, colored key cards and hidden areas. [5] [6] As the genre was in its infancy in the early 1990s, the player could not jump or look up and down in the classic series due to technical limitations. Some limited platforming was however present, as players could sprint at gaps and let their momentum carry them to a destination. [7] These features were added in newer titles, [8] with the 2016 series in particular featuring a strong focus on platforming. [9]
1993 | Doom |
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1994 | Doom II: Hell on Earth |
1995 | Master Levels for Doom II |
The Ultimate Doom | |
1996 | Final Doom |
1997 | Doom 64 |
1998 | |
1999 | |
2000 | |
2001 | |
2002 | |
2003 | |
2004 | Doom 3 |
2005 | Doom 3: Resurrection of Evil |
Doom RPG | |
2006 | |
2007 | |
2008 | |
2009 | Doom Resurrection |
Doom II RPG | |
2010 | Doom II: No Rest for the Living |
2011 | |
2012 | Doom 3: BFG Edition |
2013 | |
2014 | |
2015 | |
2016 | Doom |
2017 | Doom VFR |
2018 | |
2019 | Sigil |
2020 | Doom Eternal |
Doom 64: The Lost Levels | |
The Ancient Gods, Part One | |
2021 | The Ancient Gods, Part Two |
Doom 3: VR Edition | |
2022 | |
2023 | Mighty Doom |
Sigil 2 | |
2024 | Doom + Doom II |
Doom II: Legacy of Rust | |
2025 | Doom: The Dark Ages |
The development of the original Doom started in 1992, when John Carmack developed a new game engine, the Doom engine, while the rest of the id Software team finished the Wolfenstein 3D prequel, Spear of Destiny . The game launched in an episodic format in 1993, with the first episode available as shareware and two more episodes available by mail order. The first episode was largely designed by John Romero. [10] The title proved extremely popular, with the full version of the game selling one million copies. The term "Doom clone" became the name for new genre now known as first-person shooters for several years. [11]
Doom II: Hell on Earth was released in 1994 in a commercial format. Only minor changes were made at a technical level; the game featured new enemies, a new "Super Shotgun" weapon, and more complex levels. [12] The game was followed by an expansion in 1995, titled Master Levels for Doom II , which added 20 additional levels. A fourth episode was added to the original game by the 1995 re-release. [13]
From 1995 id Software were focused on the development of the new Quake series, which would be developed by the company throughout the late 1990s. [14] Two additional games would be released over the following years, largely created by third-party developers under id's supervision. The first of these was Final Doom , which featured 64 levels based on the Doom II engine, organised into two episodes. TNT: Evilution was developed by the modding group TeamTNT and completed in November 1995, while the second episode The Plutonia Experiment was developed by TNT's Dario and Milo Casali and completed in January 1996.[ citation needed ]
Midway Games developed Doom 64 under id supervision for release in 1997. The title featured a new engine, with larger sprites and higher quality textures. The technical changes allowed for greater flexibility with the level design, such as the ability to adjust the geometry of the map during play. The classic metal soundtrack was replaced for a more ambient and eerie soundtrack, creating a unique atmosphere that would inspire future entries. Id did not allow the title to be called Doom 3, as the name was being reserved for a potential return to the franchise after the development of Quake. [15] [16]
The troubled development of Quake had resulted in major staffing changes at id by 2000, with a number of key figures from the development of Doom having departed. This included the original designer John Romero, who was fired in 1996. [10] In the interim, the company had hired former Doom modder Tim Willits. [14] By 2000 a new non-Doom game was being designed, but id staff had a "lack of enthusiasm" for the project, and strongly desired to remake the original Doom instead. John Carmack, among others, announced internally that they were working on a Doom game- and would continue to do so unless the company fired them. While Paul Steed was indeed fired, work on the game did continue. [17]
The title was unveiled later that year as Doom 3 . The design of the title would be led by Willits. [18] Using the new id Tech 4 engine, numerous technical improvements were made over the classic series, allowing greater realism and interactivity. The game used voice acting and featured a greater focus on narrative than earlier titles. A demo of the game was shown at E3 2002 and was subsequently leaked online, well ahead of the 2004 release date. At the time, it was the first Doom title in seven years, and helped renew interest in the franchise. [19] An expansion, Doom 3: Resurrection of Evil was released in 2005. Unlike the base game, the expansion was developed by Nerve Software. A 2012 BFG Edition featured both previous releases along with a new expansion entitled The Lost Mission. A version of Doom 3: BFG Edition called Doom 3: VR Edition was released on March 29, 2021 for the PlayStation 4 VR and PlayStation 5 via backwards compatibility. It includes all of the content from Doom 3: BFG Edition (the main campaign, Resurrection of Evil and The Lost Mission), except for multiplayer.
Doom 4 entered development in the mid 2000s alongside Rage , with the new Doom title initially planned as a rework of Doom II. Hints were present in 2007 at QuakeCon, and the game was formally announced in 2008. Response to preview material was negative, with fans nicknaming the project "Call of Doom", after a perceived similarity to the Call of Duty franchise. Bethesda marketing vice president Pete Hines stated in retrospect that "it wasn't Doom enough". After Rage was not as successful as hoped, publisher ZeniMax requested a reboot of Doom 4 and moved the Rage staff over to the new project. This version was built using Rage's code base and suffered from disputes among staff, particularly among managers of the two projects. [20] The game was cancelled in 2013. John Carmack, one of the few remaining veterans from the development of the classic series still present at id, left the studio that November. [21]
The period saw the release of several spinoffs for mobile platforms. These included Doom RPG (2005), Doom II RPG (2009), and Doom Resurrection (2009). Additionally, the 2010 Xbox Live Arcade re-release of Doom II featured a new expansion entitled No Rest for the Living, which was developed by Nerve Software. This was structured in a similar manner to classic Doom chapters, with eight primary levels and one secret level. This release was packaged with the BFG Edition of Doom 3 in 2012. [22] [23]
After the 2013 scrapping of the Doom 4 project, Willits stated that the next game in the Doom series was still the team's focus. [24] Hugo Martin was hired as creative director that year and would go on to be a key figure in the revived franchise. [25] The game was announced simply as Doom in 2014. It was released to generally positive reception in 2016, with a glory kill mechanic and additional platforming manoeuvres among the main gameplay additions. [26] The game's multiplayer mode received three small downloadable content releases over the course of the first year, and all three were then released for free with the 6.66 update on July 19, 2017. [27]
The 2016 series was not originally described as a continuation or origin story of earlier games, however plot details in the sequel Doom Eternal and commentary from Martin would later describe it as a continuation of the classic series. [28] [29] The 2020 re-release of Doom 64 included an expansion entitled The Lost Levels , intended "to connect 'old' Doom to 'new' Doom". [30]
A VR spinoff entitled Doom VFR was released in 2017 to generally positive reception, with reviewers discussing the movement controls in particular- which were well made albeit hidden behind menus.[ clarification needed ] The game features a single-player campaign, and reused enemies and other assets from the 2016 game. [31] The game would be the last Doom title under Willits' leadership, ahead of his departure in 2019. [32] 2018 marked the 25th anniversary of the franchise, and saw the Doom Slayer included as a playable character in id Software's Quake Champions . That year, John Romero announced Sigil , an unofficial "fifth episode" of the original 1993 game. The episode was released for free via Romero's website in 2019, with a paid version available that included a soundtrack by guitarist Buckethead. [33] While Sigil was developed independently, Bethesda added the episode to the console ports of Doom as a free patch in October, alongside the two chapters of Final Doom. [34] [35]
The next main entry in the franchise, Doom Eternal, was directed by Hugo Martin and released in 2020. [36] [37] The title sold very well, generating $450 million in revenue over the first year; double the launch revenue of the previous title. Some commentators cited the timing of the release, which coincided with a wave of interest in gaming worldwide amid restrictions on social gathering during the COVID-19 pandemic. [38] [39] The game was made in id Tech 7, which afforded numerous technical improvements over the id Tech 6 engine used by its predecessor. [40] An expansion of the game, The Ancient Gods, was released in two parts, one in October 2020 and the other in March 2021.
Romero confirmed in August 2021 that a second Sigil expansion using the Doom II engine was in development. [41] In March 2022, he released a new Doom II level entitled One Humanity. The proceeds from the level were donated as humanitarian aid for Ukraine amid the Russian invasion. [42] The level was the first for Doom II designed by Romero since 1994, and raised 25,000 euros by March 7. [43] Romero released Sigil II in 2023 and was critically acclaimed. [44] Like its predecessor, Id Software made the chapter freely available through the add-ons menu of the console ports of Doom and Doom II. [45] A spin-off for mobile platforms Android and iOS, Mighty Doom , was developed by Alpha Dog Games and released in March 2023. [46] Microsoft announced that it was shutting down Alpha Dog in May 2024; this resulted in the discontinuation of Mighty Doom in August. [47]
In August 2024, id Software in collaboration with Nightdive Studios and MachineGames released Doom + Doom II, a "definitive rerelease" of all the pre-Doom 64 games alongside Sigil and a new 2 episode expansion pack called Legacy of Rust. The release features new enemies and weapons. [48]
In March 2021, Hugo Martin discussed some directions future Doom titles could take, discussing time travel or a game set in the time span between Doom 64 and Doom (2016), when the Doom Slayer "first came to that place with the Sentinels, almost like a more medieval setting". [49] [29] An internal ZeniMax presentation, dated to 2020 and released as part of the FTC v. Microsoft case in 2023, indicated that a game entitled Doom: Year Zero was in development at that time, with a projected release in FY2023. DLC for the title was also marked for 2023 and 2024. The document was produced prior to Microsoft's acquisition of ZeniMax in 2021, but the game remained in production and was revealed at the 2024 Xbox Games Showcase as Doom: The Dark Ages . The game will launch in 2025. [50] [51]
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A set of four novels based on Doom were written by Dafydd ab Hugh and Brad Linaweaver, and were published between June 1995 and January 1996 by Pocket Books. The books, listed in order, are titled Knee Deep in the Dead, Hell on Earth, Infernal Sky and Endgame. The unnamed Marine is called "Flynn Taggart" or "Fly" in the novels. The first two books feature recognizable locations and situations from the first two games. A film novelization was released by Pocket Star Books in 2005. It was adapted by John Shirley.
In 2008, a new series of Doom novels by Matthew J. Costello, an author who had worked on the story and scripts for Doom 3 and Resurrection of Evil, were published. The series of books aim to novelize the story of Doom 3, with the first installment, Doom 3: Worlds on Fire , published on February 26, 2008. [58] The second book in the series, Doom 3: Maelstrom , was released in March 2009. [59]
Richart Cobbett of PC Gamer called the first installment of the Doom novels "the only one genuinely worth bothering with for the laughs", describing the other novels as largely unrelated sci-fi stories. [60]
A one-shot comic book written by Steve Behling and Michael Stewart with art by Tom Grindberg was released in May 1996 by Marvel Comics as a giveaway for a video game convention.[ citation needed ] and has gained a cult following for its over-the-top dialogue. Phrases such as "rip and tear" and "huge guts" have since been referenced by later Doom titles.
In 2004, a board game designed by Kevin Wilson and published by Fantasy Flight Games titled Doom: The Boardgame was released. [61]
In 2020, Critical Role published a fifth edition Dungeons & Dragons module entitled Doom Eternal: Assault on Amaros Station. The game was written by Christopher Lockey and Matthew Mercer, and received a digital release via the Critical Role store on December 16, 2020. [62] [63] [64]
In 2005, Universal Pictures released the first live-action film adaptation, titled Doom, which starred Karl Urban and Dwayne Johnson.
In 2019, Universal released a second live-action film adaptation direct-to-video, titled Doom: Annihilation starring Amy Manson.
Game | GameRankings | Metacritic |
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Doom (1993) | (PC) 86.67% [65] (PS1) 84.00% [66] (iOS) 82.86% [67] (X360) 80.16% [68] (32X) 80.00% [69] (GBA) 79.87% [70] (JAG) 78.75% [71] (SNES) 54.05% [72] (SAT) 47.00% [73] | (iOS) 84 [74] (X360) 82 [75] (GBA) 81 [76] |
Doom II: Hell on Earth | (PC) 95.00% [77] (X360) 77.36% [78] (GBA) 76.64% [79] | (PC) 83 [80] (X360) 77 [81] (GBA) 77 [82] |
Final Doom | (PS1) 80.71% [83] (MAC) 60.00% [84] (PC) 56.00% [85] | |
Doom 64 | (N64) 73.47% [86] | (XONE) 77 [87] (PS4) 75 [88] (Switch) 77 [89] |
Doom 3 | (Xbox) 87.63% [90] (PC) 86.63% [91] | (Xbox) 88 [92] (PC) 87 [93] |
Doom 3: Resurrection of Evil | (PC) 79.52% [94] (Xbox) 78.02% [95] | (PC) 78 [96] (Xbox) 77 [97] |
Doom RPG | (MOBI) 87.45% [98] | — |
Doom Resurrection | (iOS) 86.43% [99] | (iOS) 79 [100] |
Doom II RPG | (MOBI) 80.00% [101] (iOS) 79.00% [102] | (iOS) 80 [103] |
Doom 3: BFG Edition | (PS3) 68.00% [104] (X360) 66.63% [105] (PC) 51.67% [106] | (PS3) 67 [107] (X360) 67 [108] (PC) 59 [109] |
Doom (2016) | (XONE) 89.04% [110] (PS4) 85.82% [111] (PC) 85.38% [112] | (XONE) 87 [113] (PS4) 85 [114] (PC) 85 [115] (Switch) 79 [116] |
Doom Eternal | (XONE) 88 [117] (PS4) 87 [118] (PC) 88 [119] (Switch) 81 [120] | |
Doom 3: BFG Edition | (PS4) 67 [121] |
In 1996, Next Generation ranked the series as the 19th top game of all time, for how "despite the hundreds of copycat titles, no one has ever been able to equal id's original, pulsing classic." [122] In 1999, Next Generation listed the Doom series as number 25 on their "Top 50 Games of All Time," commenting that, "despite the graphic advances since Doom was released, the pixilated Barons of Hell and Cyber Demons still rank as some of the scariest things that can grace your screen." [123]
The series' unnamed protagonist, a marine, has had a mostly positive reception. In 2009, GameDaily included "the Marine" on its list of "ten game heroes who fail at the simple stuff" for his inability to look up and down in the original series. [124] UGO Networks ranked him fourth on its 2012 list of best silent protagonists in video games, noting his courage to continue in silence even when he faces Hell's army. [125] In 2013, Complex ranked Doomguy at number 16 on its list of the greatest soldiers in video games for being "the original video game space marine" and "one of the classic silent protagonists." [126] Both CraveOnline and VGRC ranked him the fifth most "badass" male character in the video game's history. [127] [128]
The original Doom sold 3.5 million physical copies [129] and 1.15 million shareware copies [130] from its 1993 release up through 1999. Doom II sold 1.55 million copies of all types in the United States during the same period, [130] with about a quarter of that number also sold in Europe, [131] a total of some 5-6 million sales for the original duology. Doom 3 sold 3.5 million copies along with many copies of the expansion pack Resurrection of Evil from its 2004 release up through 2007, making it the most successful game in the series at that point. [132] The sales of Doom 64 were not disclosed.
The 2016 reboot sold over 2 million copies on the PC alone from its May 2016 release up to July 2017. [133]
Doom is a first-person shooter game developed and published by id Software. Released on December 10, 1993, for DOS, it is the first installment in the Doom franchise. The player assumes the role of a space marine, later unofficially referred to as Doomguy, fighting through hordes of undead humans and invading demons. The game begins on the moons of Mars and finishes in hell, with the player traversing each level to find its exit or defeat its final boss. It is an early example of 3D graphics in video games, and has enemies and objects as 2D images, a technique sometimes referred to as 2.5D graphics.
id Software LLC is an American video game developer based in Richardson, Texas. It was founded on February 1, 1991, by four members of the computer company Softdisk: programmers John Carmack and John Romero, game designer Tom Hall, and artist Adrian Carmack.
Quake is a first-person shooter game developed by id Software and published by GT Interactive. The first game in the Quake series, it was originally released for MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows, and Linux in 1996, followed by Mac OS and Sega Saturn in 1997 and Nintendo 64 in 1998.
Wolfenstein 3D is a first-person shooter video game developed by id Software and published by Apogee Software and FormGen. Originally released on May 5, 1992, for DOS, it was inspired by the 1981 Muse Software video game Castle Wolfenstein, and is the third installment in the Wolfenstein series. In Wolfenstein 3D, the player assumes the role of Allied spy William "B.J." Blazkowicz during World War II as he escapes from the Nazi German prison Castle Wolfenstein and carries out a series of crucial missions against the Nazis. The player traverses each of the game's levels to find an elevator to the next level or kill a final boss, fighting Nazi soldiers, dogs, and other enemies with a knife and a variety of guns.
Alfonso John Romero is an American video game developer. He co-founded id Software and designed their early games, including Wolfenstein 3D (1992), Doom (1993), Doom II (1994), Hexen (1995) and Quake (1996). His designs and development tools, along with programming techniques developed by the id programmer John Carmack, popularized the first-person shooter (FPS) genre. Romero is also credited with coining the multiplayer term "deathmatch".
Doom 3 is a 2004 survival horror first-person shooter video game developed by id Software and published by Activision. Doom 3 was originally released for Microsoft Windows on August 3, 2004, adapted for Linux later that year, and ported by Aspyr Media for Mac OS X in 2005. Developer Vicarious Visions ported the game to the Xbox, releasing it worldwide on April 4, 2005.
Doom II, also known as Doom II: Hell on Earth, is a first-person shooter game in the Doom franchise developed by id Software. It was released for MS-DOS in 1994 and Mac OS in 1995. Unlike the original Doom, which was initially only available through shareware and mail order, Doom II was sold in stores.
Quake is a series of first-person shooter video games, developed by id Software and, as of 2010, published by Bethesda Softworks. The series is composed of Quake and its nonlinear, standalone sequels, which vary in setting and plot.
Doom WAD is the default format of package files for the video game Doom and its sequel Doom II: Hell on Earth, that contain sprites, levels, and game data. WAD stands for Where's All the Data?. Immediately after its release in 1993, Doom attracted a sizeable following of players who created their own mods for WAD files—packages containing new levels or graphics—and played a vital part in spawning the mod-making culture which is now commonplace for first-person shooter games. Thousands of WADs have been created for Doom, ranging from single custom levels to full original games; most of these can be freely downloaded over the Internet. Several WADs have also been released commercially, and for some people the WAD-making hobby became a gateway to a professional career as a level designer.
Doom 3: Resurrection of Evil is a survival horror first-person shooter video game developed by Nerve Software and published by Activision. It was released for Microsoft Windows worldwide on April 4, 2005, as an expansion pack and sequel to Doom 3 and on October 5, 2005, for the Xbox video game console. The Xbox version does not require the original Doom 3 in order to play, and includes The Ultimate Doom, Doom II: Hell on Earth and Master Levels for Doom II. A remastered version of Resurrection of Evil was included with Doom 3: BFG Edition.
Doom 64 is a 1997 first-person shooter video game developed and published by Midway Games for the Nintendo 64. It is the second spin-off in id Software's Doom series after Final Doom (1996), and the fourth game in the series overall. A remaster was developed by Nightdive Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One in March 2020, and for Stadia in May 2020.
Doomguy is the protagonist of the Doom franchise by id Software. He was created by American video game designer John Romero and was introduced as the player character in the original 1993 video game Doom. Within the Doom series, Doomguy is a demon hunting space marine dressed in green combat armor who rarely speaks onscreen. In Doom Eternal, he is voiced by American voice actor Matthew Waterson, while Jason Kelley voices the character in that game's downloadable content The Ancient Gods: Part Two. A different character with a role similar to that of Doomguy was portrayed by Karl Urban in the 2005 film adaptation. Doomguy has appeared in several other games developed by id Software, including Quake Champions and Quake III Arena.
Wolfenstein is a series of alternate history World War II video games originally developed by Muse Software. The majority of the games follow William "B.J." Blazkowicz, an American Army captain, and his fight against the Axis powers. Earlier titles are centered around Nazi attempts to harness supernatural and occult forces, while later games are set after the Nazis successfully implement various science fiction technologies to achieve victory in World War II.
id Tech is a series of separate game engines designed and developed by id Software. Prior to the presentation of the id Tech 5-based game Rage in 2011, the engines lacked official designation and as such were simply referred to as the Doom and Quake engines, from the name of the main game series the engines had been developed for. "id Tech" has been released as free software under the GNU General Public License. id Tech versions 0 to 3 were released under GPL-2.0-or-later. id Tech versions 3.5 to 4.5 were released under GPL-3.0-or-later. id Tech 5 to 7 are proprietary, with id Tech 7 currently being the latest utilized engine.
Doom is a 2016 first-person shooter video game developed by id Software and published by Bethesda Softworks. The game is the first major installment in the Doom series since 2004's Doom 3 and was a reboot of the franchise. It was released for PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One in May 2016. A port for Nintendo Switch was co-developed with Panic Button and released in November 2017, and a version for Google Stadia was released in August 2020. Players take the role of an unnamed space marine, known as the "Doom Slayer", as he battles demonic forces within an energy-mining facility on Mars and in Hell.
Romero Games Ltd. is an Irish independent video game development studio that was established on 11 August 2015 by husband-and-wife team John Romero and Brenda Romero and is located in Galway, Ireland. This is the ninth game studio Romero has established in his career, and currently it has released four titles.
Doom Eternal is a 2020 first-person shooter game developed by id Software and published by Bethesda Softworks. The sequel to Doom (2016), and the seventh game in the Doom series, it was released for PlayStation 4, Stadia, Windows, and Xbox One on March 20, 2020, with a port for Nintendo Switch released on December 8, 2020, and versions for PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S released on June 29, 2021.
Sigil is the unofficial fifth episode of the 1993 video game Doom. Published by Romero Games on May 31, 2019, the Megawad was created by an original co-creator of Doom, John Romero, independently of the main game's then-current owner, Bethesda Softworks. It has nine missions, each with a deathmatch version, and a new soundtrack created by James Paddock and Buckethead. While initially released independently, Bethesda later released the episode as a patch for the console ports of Doom.