A dual carriageway (BrE) or a divided highway (AmE) is a class of highway with carriageways for traffic travelling in opposite directions separated by a central reservation (BrE) or median (AmE). Roads with two or more carriageways which are designed to higher standards with controlled access are generally classed as motorways, freeways, etc., rather than dual carriageways.
A routenumber, designation or abbreviation is an identifying numeric designation assigned by a highway authority to a particular stretch of roadway to distinguish it from other routes and, in many cases, also to indicate its classification, general geographical location and/or orientation. The numbers chosen may be used solely for internal administrative purposes; however, in most cases they are also displayed on roadside signage and indicated on maps.
The road hierarchy categorizes roads according to their functions and capacities. While sources differ on the exact nomenclature, the basic hierarchy comprises freeways, arterials, collectors, and local roads. Generally, the functional hierarchy can more or less correspond to the hierarchy of roads by their owner or administrator.
A controlled-access highway is a type of highway that has been designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow—ingress and egress—regulated. Common English terms are freeway, motorway, and expressway. Other similar terms include throughway or thruway and parkway. Some of these may be limited-access highways, although this term can also refer to a class of highways with somewhat less isolation from other traffic.
The Thai highway network follows the left-hand traffic rule of the road. The network is the twin responsibility of the Department of Highways, and the Department of Rural Roads, under the oversight of the Transportation ministry of Thailand. Public highways are also called public roads, especially when part of urban streets. The network spans over 70,000 kilometers across all regions of Thailand. Most are single carriageways. Dual carriageways have frequent u-turn lanes and intersections slowing down traffic. Coupled with the increase in the number of vehicles and the demand for a limited-access motorway, the Thai Government issued a Cabinet resolution in 1997 detailing the motorway construction master plan. Some upgraded sections of highway are being turned into a "motorway", while other motorways are not being built from highway sections.
Highways in Croatia are the main transport network in Croatia. The Croatian classification includes several classes of highways:
Otoyol 30, also known as the Izmir Beltway and abbreviated as the O-30, is a 60.2 km (37.4 mi) long motorway that runs around the Gulf of Izmir from Balçova to Menemen. The motorway acts as a bypass for through-traffic around the city and connects to four other motorways; O-5, O-31, O-32 and O-33. For most of its route, the O-30 runs along the perimeter of Izmir, but enters urbanized areas in Balçova, Bornova, Karşıyaka and Çiğli. The entire motorway has six lanes and is a part of the E87 and E881.
Otoyol 2, abbreviated as O-2, locally referred to as 2. Çevreyolu, is a motorway in Istanbul, Turkey that forms the outer ring road of the city connecting European and Asian parts via the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge.
Otoyol 4, named Anatolian Motorway and abbreviated as O-4, is a toll motorway connecting the northwestern Marmara Region to the Central Anatolia Region in Turkey. It runs parallel to the D.100 for more than half of its length and then parallels the D750 for most of the eastern half. The O-4 is a major expressway in Turkey as it connects eastern Istanbul and the heavily urbanized northeastern shore of the Sea of Marmara to the nation's capital, Ankara. The O-4 also makes up part of the International E-road network E80 and E89 as well as the AH-1 of the Asian Highway Network.
The General Directorate Of Highways (KGM) is a state agency in charge of the construction and maintenance of all public roadways outside of cities and towns in Turkey. It was established on 1 March 1950, following the acceptance of the International Highways Act in 1949. The agency is a sub unit of the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure.
Otoyol 50, abbreviated as O-50, aka Adana Çevreyolu, was the former designation for the 22 km (14 mi) long motorway passing through the city of Adana, Turkey. In the 2014 the KGM resigned the section of motorway west of the Seyhan River as the O-51 and the section west of the Seyhan River as O-52. Thus extending the O-52 and O-51 into central Adana.
Otoyol 52, abbreviated as O-52, a.k.a.Adana-Şanlıurfa Otoyolu, is a toll motorway in the regions of Mediterranean and Southeastern Anatolia in Turkey, connecting the cities Adana and Şanlıurfa. The motorway is part of European route E90 and Asian Highway 84. The O-52 starts from the eastern terminus of The O-51, runs eastward through Osmaniye, Gaziantep and terminates east of Şanlıurfa. The O-52 is currently the second longest Motorway in Turkey being only 5 km shorter than the O-4.
The Korutepe Tunnel, is a motorway tunnel constructed on the Istanbul–Ankara motorway O-4 E80 in Kocaeli Province, northwestern Turkey.
Bayraklı Tunnels, formerly Karşıyaka Tunnels, are two motorway tunnels in series located on the İzmir's northern beltway, motorway O-30 E87, in Bayraklı district between Karşıyaka and Bornova of Izmir Province, western Turkey.
The Taşoluk Tunnel, is a motorway tunnel constructed on the Adana–Şanlıurfa motorway O-52 E90 AH84 in Osmaniye Province, southern Turkey.
The İğdir Tunnel, is a motorway tunnel constructed on the Bursa–Sivrihisar motorway O-22 E90 in Bursa Province, northwestern Turkey. It was opened to the traffic in 2005.
The Otoyol is the national network of controlled-access highways in Turkey. The term Otoyol translates to motorway while the literal meaning is auto-route. The Otoyol was first opened in 1973.
The State Highways of the Republic of Turkey, abbreviated as T.C.K. are an integrated network of highways and roads in Turkey, consisting of a numbered grid spanning across the country. They are more commonly called State roads and are the primary road network in Turkey. The network is mostly maintained by the General Directorate of Highways (KGM), except for within large cities where the respective city municipality assumes responsibility.
The Otoyol 7, or Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu, is a toll motorway in Turkey that bypasses Istanbul to the north. The motorway is 243 km in length between the Kınalı junction and the Akyazı junction, and is 8 lanes wide.
