Transport in Turkey is road-dominated and mostly fuelled by diesel. Transport consumes a quarter of energy in Turkey, and is a major source of air pollution in Turkey and greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey. The World Health Organization has called for more active transport such as cycling. As of 2023 health impact assessment is not done in Turkey.
Otoyol 31, named the İzmir-Aydın Motorway or just the Aydın Motorway and abbreviated as the O-31 is a 127.8 km (79.4 mi) long toll motorway in western Turkey. Beginning at an intersection with İzmir Beltway, the O-31 runs south from İzmir to Aydın and parallels the D550 for most of its route.
Otoyol 30, also known as the İzmir Beltway and abbreviated as the O-30, is a 60.2 km (37.4 mi) long motorway that runs around the Gulf of İzmir from Balçova to Menemen. The motorway acts as a bypass for through-traffic around the city and connects to four other motorways; O-5, O-31, O-32 and O-33. For most of its route, the O-30 runs along the perimeter of İzmir, but enters urbanized areas in Balçova, Bornova, Karşıyaka and Çiğli. The entire motorway has six lanes and is a part of the E87 and E881.
Otoyol 2, abbreviated as O-2, locally referred to as 2. Çevreyolu, is a motorway in Istanbul, Turkey that forms the outer ring road of the city connecting European and Asian parts via the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge.
Otoyol 3, also known as the European Motorway and abbreviated as the O-3 is a 245.1 km (152.3 mi) long otoyol in East Thrace, Turkey. The O-3 runs from Edirne to Istanbul and is the only motorway in Turkey located entirely in Europe. The motorway begins west of Edirne at a junction with the D.100 where it then continues as a beltway passing just north of Edirne. From there, the motorway passes through mostly rural farmland until it enters the Istanbul metropolis near Silivri. The eastern end of the O-3 is at the interchange with the O-1, where the motorway becomes Vatan Caddesi and continues into the historic peninsula of Istanbul as a major boulevard.
Otoyol 4, named Anatolian Motorway and abbreviated as O-4, is a toll motorway connecting the northwestern Marmara Region to the Central Anatolia Region in Turkey. It runs parallel to the D.100 for more than half of its length and then parallels the D750 for most of the eastern half. The O-4 is a major expressway in Turkey as it connects eastern Istanbul and the heavily urbanized northeastern shore of the Sea of Marmara to the nation's capital, Ankara. The O-4 also makes up part of the International E-road network E80 and E89 as well as the AH-1 of the Asian Highway Network.
Rail transport in Turkey began in 1856 with the start of construction of the 130 kilometres (81 mi) İzmir–Aydın Railway.
Yüksek Hızlı Tren or YHT are the high speed train services on high-speed rail in Turkey. They are operated by TCDD Transport and are the country's only high-speed services and the railway's premier intercity train service. As of 2022, the network spans 1,385 km (860.6 mi) and services major cities like Istanbul, Ankara, Eskişehir, İzmit, Konya, and Sivas. Expansion of the system is underway and the network is expected to reach Edirne, Afyonkarahisar, Adana, and İzmir in the 2020s.
The General Directorate Of Highways (KGM) is a state agency in charge of the construction and maintenance of all public roadways outside of cities and towns in Turkey. It was established on 1 March 1950, following the acceptance of the International Highways Act in 1949. The agency is a sub unit of the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure.
Otoyol 50, abbreviated as O-50, aka Adana Çevreyolu, was the former designation for the 22 km (14 mi) long motorway passing through the city of Adana, Turkey. In the 2014 the KGM resigned the section of motorway west of the Seyhan River as the O-51 and the section west of the Seyhan River as O-52. Thus extending the O-52 and O-51 into central Adana.
İzmir is a transportation hub for western Anatolia. İzmir has an extensive bus system, a developing metro, commuter rail system and a large urban ferry network. The city has highways connecting it to Çeşme, Menemen, Istanbul, Bursa, Aydın and Denizli as well as a beltway. Mass transportation is operated by four separate public agencies all owned by the İzmir Municipality.
Bayraklı Tunnels, formerly Karşıyaka Tunnels, are two motorway tunnels in series located on the İzmir's northern beltway, motorway O-30 E87, in Bayraklı district between Karşıyaka and Bornova of Izmir Province, western Turkey.
Otoyol 5, named the Kocaeli Gebze-Bursa-İzmir Motorway and abbreviated as O-5, is a toll motorway in Turkey. Since being completed in 2019, it connects the Istanbul and Kocaeli metropolitan areas with İzmir, via Bursa and Balıkesir. The O-5 runs parallel to the D575 and the D565 for most of its length and is a major motorway in Turkey as it provides a direct connection between Kocaeli and its surrounding metropolis to the country's 3rd largest (İzmir) and 4th largest (Bursa) cities, bypassing the Gulf of İzmit via the Osman Gazi Bridge. The O-5 also makes up part of the International E-road network E881 thus making it one of the most extensive and expensive transport megaprojects.
TCDD Transport or Turkish State Railways Transport is a government-owned railway company responsible for the operations of most passenger and freight rail in Turkey. The company was formed on 14 June 2016, splitting off from Turkish State Railways (TCDD) to take over railway operations, while TCDD would continue to administer railway infrastructure. TCDD Taşımacılık officially began operations on 1 January 2017.
Otoyol 6, named the Kınalı-Balıkesir Motorway and abbreviated as O-6, is a planned 321-kilometre-long (199 mi) toll motorway in Turkey, with an 82 km (51 mi) section between Malkara and Lapseki open to traffic. When complete, the route will begin at Kınalı, travel south to Çanakkale, cross the Dardanelles via the 1915 Çanakkale Bridge, and terminate at Balıkesir; connecting western Anatolia with East Thrace. The route is the first motorway in Turkey outside of Istanbul to connect the European and the Asian parts of the country.
The Otoyol 7, or Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu, is a toll motorway in Turkey that bypasses Istanbul to the north. The motorway is 243 km in length between the Kınalı junction and the Akyazı junction, and is 8 lanes wide.
