List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals

This is a list of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals.

Plants

Main articles: List of psychoactive plants and Psychoactive plant

Psychoactive plants include, but are not limited to, the following examples:

• Cannabis : cannabinoids
• Tobacco: nicotine, anabasine, and other Nicotinic agonists, as well as beta-carboline alkaloids
• Coca: cocaine, ecgonine and other coca alkaloids
• Opium poppy: morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine, noscapine, and narceine
• Salvia divinorum : salvinorin A and other Salvinorins
• Khat: cathine and cathinone
• Kava: kavalactones
• Nutmeg: myristicin
• Nightshade ( Solanaceae ) plants containing hyoscyamine, atropine, and scopolamine:
  • Datura
  • Deadly nightshade ( Atropa belladonna )
  • Henbane ( Hyoscyamus niger )
  • Mandrake ( Mandragora officinarum )
  • Other Solanaceae

Peyote

• Psychoactive cacti, which contain mainly mescaline:
  • Peyote
  • Other Lophophora
  • Peruvian torch cactus
  • San Pedro cactus
    • Trichocereus macrogonus var. macrogonus (syn. Echinopsis peruviana)
    • Trichocereus macrogonus var. pachanoi (syn. Echinopsis pachanoi)
    • Trichocereus bridgesii
  • Other Echinopsis

• Mild stimulant and vasoconstrictor plants that contain mainly caffeine and theobromine:
  • Coffee
  • Tea (also contains theanine)
  • Guarana
  • Yerba mate
  • Cocoa
  • Kola

Anadenanthera colubrina produces beans used for cebil

Areca palms in Ponda, India

• Other plants:
  • Mimosa hostilis : DMT
  • Chacruna: DMT, NMT
  • Cebil and Yopo: DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenin
  • Mucuna pruriens
  • Morning glory species, notably Hawaiian Baby Woodrose: lysergic acid amide
  • Sinicuichi: Vertine, Lyfoline, Lythrine and other sinicuichi alkaloids
  • Monotropa uniflora: Grayanotoxin (also found in Rhododendron pollen and mad honey)
  • Iboga: ibogaine, noribogaine, ibogamine, voacangine, 18-methoxycoronaridine
  • Ephedra: ephedrine
  • Acacia species
  • Damiana
  • Leonotis leonurus: Docosatetraenoylethanolamide and other alkaloids
  • Calea zacatechichi
  • Silene capensis
  • Valerian
  • Areca nut: arecaidine and arecoline
  • Kratom: mitragynine, mitraphylline, 7-hydroxymitragynine, raubasine, and other Kratom alkaloids
  • Rauvolfia serpentina : rauwolscine
  • Rauvolfia vomitoria
  • Nymphaea caerulea (Egyptian lotus or blue lotus): apomorphine, nuciferine
  • Yohimbe : yohimbine
  • Kanna: mesembrine and mesembrenone
  • Glaucium flavum (yellow horned poppy, yellow hornpoppy or sea poppy): glaucine
  • California poppies: Protopine and Californidine

Fungi

• Psilocybin mushrooms: psilocybin, psilocin, aeruginascin, baeocystin, and norbaeocystin
• Amanita muscaria : ibotenic acid, muscimol, and muscarine
• Amanita pantherina
• Dictyonema huaorani : psilocybin, DMT, and 5-MeO-DMT
• Collybia maculata : collybolide ^[1] (unlikely to be psychoactive)

Animals

P. clavata (violescent sea-whip)

• Colorado River toad (Sonoran Desert toad or Bufo alvarius): 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin
• Asiatic toad and certain tree frogs ( Osteocephalus taurinus , Osteocephalus oophagus , and Osteocephalus langsdorfii ): bufotenin

• Tree frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa , notably P. bicolor: opioid peptides, including deltorphin, deltorphin I, deltorphin II, and dermorphin
• Hallucinogenic fish
• Ocean life containing DMT analogs:
  • Smenospongia aurea : 5-Bromo-DMT ^{[2] [3]}
  • Smenospongia echina : 5,6-Dibromo-DMT ^{[2] [3]}
  • Verongula rigida : 5-Bromo-DMT, 5,6-Dibromo-DMT, et al. ^{[2] [3]}
  • Eudistoma fragum : 5-Bromo-DMT ^[2]
  • Paramuricea clavata : DMT, NMT ^[2]
  • Villogorgia rubra : NMT ^[2]

See also

• Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record
• Hallucinogenic fish
• List of plants used for smoking
• List of psychoactive substances and precursor chemicals derived from genetically modified organisms
• List of psychoactive substances derived from artificial fungi biotransformation
• List of substances used in rituals

• Medicinal fungi

References

1. Gupta, Achla; Gomes, Ivone; Bobeck, Erin N.; Fakira, Amanda K.; Massaro, Nicholas P.; Sharma, Indrajeet; Cavé, Adrien; Hamm, Heidi E.; Parello, Joseph; Devi, Lakshmi A. (24 May 2016). "Collybolide is a novel biased agonist of κ-opioid receptors with potent antipruritic activity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (21): 6041–6046. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.6041G. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1521825113 . PMC   4889365 . PMID   27162327.
2. Shulgin, Alexander (1997). TIHKAL: The Continuation. Transform Press. ISBN   9780963009692.
3. Morris H, Wallach J (26 March 2013). "Sea DMT". Vice Magazine. Retrieved 5 January 2019.