List of socialist members of the United States Congress

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The following is a list of members of the United States Congress who have declared themselves to be socialists or have been a member of a socialist organization in the United States.

Contents

History

In the 1890s-1910s, most socialists who won election ran on the Populist or Socialist Party of America (SPA) ballot lines. While SPA won a few federal elections, SPA's electoral power was much greater in local and state elections, and briefly held over 1,000 local offices. [1] During the First Red Scare, the House of Representatives twice refused to seat socialist Victor Berger, who would be convicted of violating the Espionage Act of 1917 and again won his seat. [2]

A very small number of members of Communist Party USA (CPUSA) ever won federal office, and never as open Communists. The Second Red Scare and McCarthy era resulted in persecution of socialists, removal of socialists from unions, and weaker socialist electoral outcomes. [3]

Starting in the 1980s, a small number of social-democratic and socialist Democrats affiliated with the Democratic Socialists of America (DSA). After the Bernie Sanders 2016 presidential campaign and explosion of DSA membership, DSA rapidly gained half a dozen seats in the House. In 2021, there were more socialists in Congress than any point in US history, [4] [5] most of whom are members of DSA. [6] After Cori Bush and Jamaal Bowman lost re-election and Greg Casar and Summer Lee lost DSA endorsement, that number shrank again.

Members elected as socialists

The table below lists members of the US Congress who were open socialists or open members of a socialist organization during their time in office.

As of September 15,2024:

MemberPhotoChamberTerm startTerm endStatePartyRef
Greg Casar Rep. Greg Casar - 118th Congress.jpg HouseJanuary 3, 2023IncumbentTexas Democratic Party (DSA member, former Austin DSA endorsee) [7] [8]
Summer Lee Rep. Summer Lee - 118th Congress.jpg HouseJanuary 3, 2023Incumbent Pennsylvania Democratic Party (former DSA member and former endorsee) [9]
Cori Bush Cori Bush 117th U.S Congress.jpg HouseJanuary 3, 2021January 3, 2025 Missouri Democratic Party (DSA member and endorsee) [10] [11]
Jamaal Bowman Jamaal Bowman 117th U.S Congress.jpg HouseJanuary 3, 2021January 3, 2025New York Democratic Party (DSA member and NYC-DSA endorsee) [12] [13] [14]
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Official Portrait.jpg HouseJanuary 3, 2019IncumbentNew York Democratic Party, Working Families Party (DSA member and former endorsee; NYC-DSA endorsee) [5] [15] [16]
Rashida Tlaib Rashida Tlaib, official portrait, 116th Congress.jpg HouseJanuary 3, 2019Incumbent Michigan Democratic Party (DSA member and endorsee) [5] [2]
Bernie Sanders Bernie Sanders in March 2020.jpg SenateJanuary 3, 2007Incumbent Vermont Independent (Endorsed in Democratic Party primaries, caucuses with Democrats) [17] [18] [19]
Danny Davis DannyKDavis113th.jpg HouseJanuary 3, 1997Incumbent Illinois Democratic Party (former New Party member and DSA member) [a]
Bernie Sanders Bernie Sanders 104th Congress.jpg HouseJanuary 3, 1991January 3, 2007 Vermont Independent (won most Democratic Party votes) [17] [18] [19]
Major Owens Major Owens.jpg HouseJanuary 3, 1983January 3, 2007New York Democratic Party (DSA member) [2] [24]
David Bonior David Bonior.jpg HouseJanuary 3, 1977January 3, 2003 Michigan Democratic Party (DSA member) [25] [26]
Ron Dellums Rondellums105th.jpg HouseJanuary 3, 1971February 6, 1998California Democratic Party (DSA member) [2] [27]
John Conyers John Conyers 113th Congress.jpg HouseJanuary 3, 1965December 5, 2017 Michigan Democratic Party (DSA member) [28]
Leo Isacson Leo Isacson 1948 Edit.jpg HouseFebruary 17, 1948January 3, 1949New York American Labor Party [29]
Hugh De Lacy Hugh De Lacy Edit.jpg HouseJanuary 3, 1945January 3, 1947Washington Democratic Party (former Communist Party USA leader) [b] [30]
Bolívar Pagán Bolivar Pagan 3x4.jpg HouseDecember 26, 1939January 3, 1945 Puerto Rico Republican Union (Socialist Party member)
Vito Marcantonio Benjamin Davis and Vito Marcantonio Cast Their Votes. Photos by Peter. Nov 5, 1946 Slide 1 Crop.png HouseJanuary 3, 1939January 3, 1951New York American Labor Party [29] [31]
Thomas Ryum Amlie ThomasRyumAmlie (cropped).jpg HouseJanuary 3, 1935January 3, 1939 Wisconsin Wisconsin Progressive Party (ideological socialist) [32]
Vito Marcantonio Vito Marcantonio, 1930s (cropped).jpg HouseJanuary 3, 1935January 3, 1937New York Republican Party [29] [31]
Santiago Iglesias Santiago Iglesias Memorial.jpg HouseMarch 4, 1933December 5, 1939 Puerto Rico Socialist Party
Thomas Ryum Amlie ThomasRyumAmlie (cropped).jpg HouseOctober 13, 1931March 3, 1933 Wisconsin Wisconsin Progressive Party (ideological socialist) [32]
Fiorello LaGuardia La Gaurdia LCCN2014715592 Crop.jpg HouseMarch 4, 1927March 3, 1933New York Republican Party (former Socialist Party of America candidate and self-identified socialist) [33]
Fiorello LaGuardia La Gaurdia LCCN2014715592 Crop.jpg HouseMarch 4, 1925March 4, 1927New York Socialist Party of America and Progressive Party [33]
Fiorello LaGuardia La Gaurdia LCCN2014715592 Crop.jpg HouseMarch 4, 1923March 4, 1925New York Republican Party (future Socialist Party of America candidate and self-identified socialist) [33]
Victor Berger Victor Berger, 12-10-23 LOC npcc.10086 3x4.jpg HouseMarch 4, 1923March 3, 1929 Wisconsin Socialist Party of America [2]
Meyer London LONDON, MEYER. HONORABLE LCCN2016859895 (cropped).jpg HouseMarch 4, 1921March 3, 1923New York Socialist Party of America [2]
Victor Berger Victor L. Berger.jpg HouseMarch 4, 1919November 10, 1919 Wisconsin Socialist Party of America [2]
Fiorello LaGuardia Fiorello La Guardia by Underwood & Underwood 1918 Trim.jpg HouseMarch 4, 1917December 31, 1919New York Republican Party (future Socialist Party of America candidate and self-identified socialist) [33]
Meyer London Meyer London LCCN2014698006 Crop.jpg HouseMarch 4, 1915March 3, 1919New York Socialist Party of America [2]
Victor Berger Victor L. Berger.jpg HouseMarch 4, 1911March 3, 1913 Wisconsin Socialist Party of America [2]
Henry Smith Henry Smith Oval.png HouseMarch 4, 1887March 3, 1889 Wisconsin Union Labor Party (former Socialist Party [c] member) [34]
Horace Greeley Horace Greeley restored.jpg HouseDecember 4, 1848March 3, 1849 New York Whig Party (United States) [35]
Robert Dale Owen Robert Dale Owen c. 1847 Trim Edit.png HouseMarch 4, 1843March 3, 1847 Indiana Democratic Party [36]

Members who were or would be socialists

The table below lists members of the US Congress who were, at some point in their life, socialists or members of a socialist organization, but not while they held Congressional office.

As of September 15,2024:

MemberPhotoChamberTerm startTerm endStatePartyRef
Jerry Nadler Jerry Nadler 116th Congress official portrait (cropped).jpg HouseNovember 3, 1992IncumbentNew York Democratic Party (former DSA member and former endorsee) [37] [38] [39]
Barbara Lee U.S. Rep. Barbara Lee - Official Portrait, 115th Congress.jpg HouseApril 21, 1998January 3, 2025New York Democratic Party (former Black Panther Party member) [40]
Bobby Rush Bobby Rush official portrait.jpg HouseJanuary 3, 1993January 3, 2023New York Democratic Party (former Black Panther Party member) [41]
William H. Meyer William Meyer (Vermont).JPG HouseJanuary 3, 1959January 3, 1961 Vermont Democratic Party (future Liberty Union Party founder) [42]
George M. Rhodes George M. Rhodes.jpg HouseJanuary 3, 1949January 3, 1969 Pennsylvania Democratic Party (former Socialist Party of America member) [43]
Andrew Biemiller Andrew Biemiller Official Short Crop.png HouseJanuary 3, 1949January 3, 1951 Wisconsin Democratic Party (former Socialist Party of America member) [44]
Andrew Biemiller Andrew Biemiller Official Short Crop.png HouseJanuary 3, 1945January 3, 1947 Wisconsin Democratic Party (former Socialist Party of America member) [44]
Henry Teigan Rep. Henry T. Teigan 1938 Edit.jpg HouseJanuary 3, 1937January 3, 1939 Pennsylvania Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party (former Socialist Party of America member) [45]
John Bernard Rep. John T. Bernard 1938 Edit.jpg HouseJanuary 3, 1937January 3, 1939Minnesota Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party (future Communist Party USA member) [46] [47]
Jerry Voorhis Jerry Voorhis (portrait)rev.jpg HouseJanuary 3, 1937January 3, 1947 California Democratic Party (former Socialist Party of America member) [48]
Homer Bone Homer Bone Crop.jpg SenateJanuary 3, 1933November 13, 1944 Washington Democratic Party (former Socialist Party of America member) [49]
George Lunn George R. Lunn.jpg HouseMarch 4, 1917March 4, 1919 New York Democratic Party (former Socialist Party of America member) [50]
Freeman Knowles Hon. F. Knowles Crop.jpg HouseMarch 4, 1897March 3, 1899 South Dakota People's Party (United States) (future Socialist Party of America member) [51]
Haldor Boen Boen, Hon. H.E. Crop.jpg HouseMarch 4, 1893March 3, 1895 Minnesota People's Party (United States) (future Socialist Party of America member) [52]
Kittel Halvorson Halvorson, Hon. K. Crop.jpg HouseMarch 3, 1891March 4, 1893 Minnesota People's Party (United States) (future Socialist Party of America member) [53]

Notable progressive but not socialist members

The list below includes members who have sometimes been described as socialist, but are / were not ideological socialists or sincere members of a socialist organization:

See also

Endnotes

  1. Although Davis was endorsed by the New Party [20] and Chicago DSA [21] in 1996, Davis has since moved rightward. Chicago DSA endorsed candidates primarying him from the left in 2020 [22] and 2022. [23]
  2. From 1937 to 1939, De Lacy was a leader in the Seattle CPUSA. However, by 1944, De Lacy had moderated his political views and become "once more a loyal New Dealer and won election to Congress for one term". [30]
  3. Not the same as the Socialist Party of America.

References

  1. Barkan, Ross (January 30, 2020). "Why American Socialism Failed—and How It Could Prevail Today". ISSN   0027-8378 . Retrieved March 14, 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Isserman, Maurice (November 8, 2018). "Socialists in the House: A 100-Year History from Victor Berger to Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez". Archived from the original on September 7, 2020.
  3. Wills, Matthew (August 13, 2018). "The Return of Socialism". JSTOR Daily. Archived from the original on March 30, 2019.
  4. Dreier, Peter (December 11, 2020). "The Number Of Democratic Socialists In The House Will Soon Double. But The Movement Scored Its Biggest Victories Down Ballot". Talking Points Memo. There are currently 71 DSA members holding public office. This year, one was defeated for reelection and two did not run for reelection. Another 33 DSAers were elected this year for the first time, bringing the total to 101 when the new winners take office in January. This is greater than at any time since about 1912, when the Socialist Party had a strong foothold in both urban and rural America.
  5. 1 2 3 Isserman, Maurice (January 11, 2021). "Congress Now Has More Socialists Than Ever Before in U.S. History". In These Times. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. While Dellums and Owens were supportive of DSA, knowledge of their membership in an organization that at the time counted only a few thousand members was mostly left-wing insider baseball. Relatively few of their constituents had likely ever heard of DSA. Not so for the socialists in Congress today, in part because the organization itself has grown a dozen-fold in recent years, recently surpassing 80,000 members. The new socialists' organizational credentials are regularly cited by friends and foes alike ("Democratic socialists salivate over current, future New York state gains," Fox News reported with its usual taste and balance after last November's election.)
  6. Hernandez, Kristian (November 17, 2022). "Democrats Can't Be Counted On to Stop the MAGA Right, So Socialists Are Stepping Up". In These Times. Archived from the original on November 17, 2022. In the House, the entire Squad was re-elected, which includes DSA members and Reps. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-NY), Jamaal Bowman (D-NY), Rashida Tlaib (D-Mich.) and Cori Bush (D-Mo.). They will be joined next year Summer Lee, who won in Pennsylvania. As a result, the next Congress will include more socialists than at any point in U.S. history.
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