New York City Democratic Socialists of America

Last updated
New York City Democratic Socialists of America
AbbreviationNYC-DSA
Governing bodySteering Committee
Co-chairsGustavo Gordillo
Grace Mausser
Membership (2026)Increase2.svg 13,500+ [1]
Ideology
Political position Left-wing
National affiliation Democratic Socialists of America
International affiliation Socialist International (1982–2017)
Progressive International (2023–present)
State Legislature caucus New York State Socialists in Office
Citywide executive offices
2 / 3
New York State Assembly (NYC)
5 / 65
New York State Senate (NYC)
3 / 27
New York City Council
4 / 51
House of Representatives (NYC)
1 / 13
Website
socialists.nyc OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg

The New York City Democratic Socialists of America (NYC-DSA) is the New York City chapter of the Democratic Socialists of America. It is the largest chapter of the organization, with over 13,500 members. [1]

Contents

NYC-DSA has been active in the city since the 1980s, but it became a serious political force after Bernie Sanders' 2016 presidential campaign. The chapter began to endorse candidates in 2017, including Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. In the 2020s, it ran several slates of candidates, winning elections at every of government. In 2025, NYC-DSA assemblyman Zohran Mamdani was elected mayor, following an upset victory in the Democratic primary.

NYC-DSA is made up of several local branches and is led by its Steering Committee and co-chairs. Candidates go through a strict endorsement process, and almost always run on the Democratic Party ballot line. The chapter supports progressive reforms, with the end goal of a socialist economy. NYC-DSA has been described as "the most dynamic and powerful left-wing organization in the country".

History

Early history

Ruth Messinger at a DSOC meeting held at the 1980 DNC in Manhattan Ruth Messinger 1980 Alt Edit.jpg
Ruth Messinger at a DSOC meeting held at the 1980 DNC in Manhattan
DSA activists during Occupy Wall Street, September 17, 2011 Democratic Socialists Occupy Wall Street 2011 Shankbone.JPG
DSA activists during Occupy Wall Street, September 17, 2011

The Democratic Socialists of America (DSA) and its predecessor, the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee had a presence in New York City since the 1980s. [3] DSA member Ruth Messinger was elected to serve as a city councilor and later as Manhattan borough president. [4] [5] DSA member David Dinkins likewise served as a state assemblyman and Manhattan borough president. [6] [7] Representative and former state senator Major Owens was a DSA member, though City & State notes that "his socialist pursuits never garnered much attention". [8] [9] [10] Brad Lander, who served as a city councilor and comptroller, was a member of DSA from 1987 to 2023. [11] [12] Representative Jerry Nadler was a member. [1]

In 1989, Dinkins defeated incumbent mayor Ed Koch in the Democratic mayoral primary, going on to defeat Republican candidate Rudy Giuliani. [13] Despite Dinkins' association with DSA, "no one attributed his mayoral victory to the organization". [3] According to Ross Barkan in The New Republic , in Dinkins' first year as mayor, he gave a speech to the Socialist International. [14] However, in 1993, Dinkins lost re-election to Giuliani. [15] In 1997, Messinger won the Democratic nomination for mayor, though ultimately lost to Giuliani. [16]

In 2011, NYC-DSA activists participated in Occupy Wall Street, which animated leftists in the city and attracted many future DSA members. [17] [18] [19] In 2021, Jabari Brisport wrote in The Forge that four years prior, the chapter was holding meetings of less than 30 people in Brooklyn. [20] Peter Sterne wrote that before 2016, NYC-DSA acted as "little more than an advocacy group". [1]

Rise in influence

Bernie Sanders campaigning for president in the South Bronx, 2016 Bernie Sanders in the South Bronx March 31st 2016 by Michael Vadon (26157453336).jpg
Bernie Sanders campaigning for president in the South Bronx, 2016

The chapter, like the rest of the organization, significantly grew after socialist senator Bernie Sanders's 2016 presidential campaign and the election of Donald Trump. [21] Barkan wrote in Jacobin that Sanders' run "was almost single-handedly responsible for reviving DSA across the country and laying the groundwork for the New York City chapter's emergence as a force in local politics." [18] Weeks after Trump's victory, NYC-DSA formed its electoral working group. [3]

By 2017, NYC-DSA had at least 2,000 members. That year, it ran two candidates for city council: Khader El-Yateem, a Palestinian Lutheran minister, and Jabari Brisport, an actor. El-Yateem was the first Arab-American to run for city council, and tried to appeal to minority communities in City Council district 43 in southwest Brooklyn. [22] [23] Brisport ran on the Green Party ballot line in 35th city council district in central Brooklyn, protesting gentrification. Both focused on housing issues. [24] [25] Hundreds of DSA members volunteered for their campaigns. [26] [25] In November, Brisport lost to incumbent Laurie Cumbo with 29% of the vote, though this was the highest for an independent candidate since 2003. [3] [27] El-Yateem ultimately lost the Democratic primary to his opponent Justin Brannan. [28] Carlina Rivera was a DSA member when she won her city council election that year. [29] NYC-DSA organized with the Crown Heights Tenant Union against turning the Bedford Union Armory into luxury housing and pushed the city council to pass a police reform bill. [30] [20]

Ocasio-Cortez at a Green New Deal press conference GreenNewDeal Presser 020719 (26 of 85) (46105848855).jpg
Ocasio-Cortez at a Green New Deal press conference

Hundreds of activists attended NYC-DSA's 2018 convention. [31] The year prior, DSA activist Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez began her campaign for New York's 14th congressional district in the Bronx and Queens. [32] She railed against powerful establishment incumbent Joe Crowley and campaigned for Medicare For All, a jobs guarantee, free public college, and abolishing Immigration and Customs Enforcement. [33] NYC-DSA endorsed and advised her campaign, with many members canvassing for her. [32] [34] In what has been described as "the most shocking upset" of the 2018 primary season, Ocasio-Cortez defeated Crowley with 57.5% of the vote. [35] [36] Ocasio-Cortez quickly became a national figure, and endorsed several other progressive candidates nationwide. [37] [38] Ocasio-Cortez easily defeated her Republican opponent in the November general election with 78%. [39] The excitement around her victory contributed to an increase in DSA membership. [40]

That year, DSA organizer Julia Salazar ran against incumbent Martin Malave Dilan in the 18th State Senate district in northern Brooklyn. [41] Energized by Ocasio-Cortez's win, NYC-DSA ran an "aggressive ground game" in the district. Salazar criticized gentrification and claimed Dilan contributed to the eviction crisis. [42] Salazar defeated Dilan and won her general election in a campaign that attracted wide attention. [43] NYC-DSA also endorsed socialist city councilman Jumaane Williams for Lieutenant Governor and socialist Cynthia Nixon for Governor. [44] Williams campaigned on criminal justice reform, gun control, and women's health. [45] [46] Nixon supported universal healthcare, universal rent control, and more affordable housing. [44] Williams lost to incumbent Kathy Hochul with 46.7% of the vote, [47] while Nixon lost to incumbent Andrew Cuomo with 35%. [48] Williams went on to become public advocate in 2019 and unsuccessfully run for governor in 2022. [49] [50]

By 2019, NYC-DSA had 5,000 members. [3] That year, the chapter endorsed public defender Tiffany Cabán for Queens District Attorney. Cabán ran on ending cash bail and not prosecuting "crimes of poverty", including sex work and fare evasion. DSA "brought its canvassing army" to support Cabán, [3] while the election became a "microcosm of the Democratic Party's deepening rift between progressives and moderates". Cabán appeared to win the election and declared victory, but after a recount requested by opponent Melinda Katz, she conceded after losing by 20 votes. [51] [52] Salazar's housing bill in the state senate failed, though a separate tenant protection bill passed, partly attributed by Sam Lewis in Jacobin to progressive elecoral victories. [53]

Socialist bloc

Salazar at a press conference in February 2022 (02-16-22) NYS Senator Julia Salazar speaks at a press conference (51886575475).jpg
Salazar at a press conference in February 2022

By 2020, NYC-DSA had 7,000 members. [2] The chapter supported the Black Lives Matter movement and called for decreasing police funding to fund other services. [54] NYC-DSA activists supported and canvassed for Sanders' 2020 presidential campaign. That year, NYC-DSA ran a slate of candidates in local races: Salazar for re-election, Brisport for state senate, and Phara Souffrant Forrest, Marcela Mitaynes, and Zohran Mamdani for state assembly. [2] In The Nation , Raina Lipsitz wrote that "Two years after helping propel AOC to victory in Queens, NYC-DSA is taking on more races than ever before". Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the slate's campaigns had to transition from canvassing to online activism. [55] In the June 23 Democratic primaries, all NYC-DSA candidates defeated their opponents. The slate's "seismic" victory was attributed to the pandemic and associated economic crisis, and the reaction to police brutality. [56] The slate won their general elections, along with unendorsed members Emily Gallagher, Jessica González-Rojas, and Shahana Hanif. [8] [57] Following the victories, the newly elected slate formed the New York State Socialists in Office parliamentary group. [58]

That year, DSA endorsed two candidates in New York City congressional races: Samelys López in New York's 15th congressional district and Jamaal Bowman against Representative Eliot Engel in New York's 16th congressional district. [59] López campaigned on universal healthcare, housing as a human right, and a boycott of Israel. [60] [61] Bowman ran on a platform of Medicare for All, a Green New Deal, and policies addressing racial issues. [62] Bowman defeated Engel with 55.4% of the vote and won his general election with 84.2% in what was described as a major victory for progressive Democrats. [59] [63] Ocasio-Cortez easily won her primary with 74.4% and her general election with 71.6%. [64] [65] López however lost her election, receiving 13.9%. [64]

NYC-DSA also ran a slate of six city council candidates in the 2021 election, aiming to create a socialist caucus: [66] Cabán, Alexa Avilés, Brandon West, Michael Hollingsworth, Adolfo Abreu, and Jaslin Kaur. [67] Several other candidates ran as socialists or supported left-wing positions without an endorsement. [68] The slate was opposed by the pro-business "Common Sense NYC" super PAC. Of the six candidates, only Cabán and Avilés won their elections. [69] DSA member Kristin Richardson Jordan won her city council election, though was not endorsed by NYC-DSA. [70] NYC-DSA did not run or endorse a candidate in the mayoral election, though Salazar endorsed Party for Socialism and Liberation candidate Cathy Rojas. [71] [72] [73]

In 2022, NYC-DSA ran a slate of 13 candidates, also endorsed by Ocasio-Cortez: its incumbents [a] for re-election, insurgents Illapa Sairitupac, Keron Alleyne, Samy Nemir Olivares, Vanessa Agudelo, and Sarahana Shrestha [b] for assembly, and insurgents Kristen Gonzalez, and David Alexis for state senate. The endorsements were made with a particular emphasis on climate change. [74] In the races for assembly, Mamdani, Gallagher, Mitanyes, and Forrest kept their seats while Shrestha won her race, surviving an "establishment counterattack". [75] [76] In the state senate elections, mayor Eric Adams supported challengers to three DSA candidates. [77] Brisport and Salazar won re-election, and Gonzalez won her race. Ocasio-Cortez faced no opposition. After the elections, Astoria, Queens became the only place in the country to have socialist representation at the city, state, and federal level, becoming known as "The People's Republic of Astoria". [78] [79] Bowman faced controversy from members of DSA after voting for Iron Dome funding and was not endorsed by the organization. He let his membership expire over its stance on Israel in 2022. [80] [81]

An NYC-DSA Gaza war protest Gaza Ceasefire Now Rally NYC DSA, Oct 20, 2023.jpg
An NYC-DSA Gaza war protest

In 2023, NYC-DSA faced condemnation from many elected officials for promoting a pro-Palestinian rally after the October 7 attacks. NYC-DSA later distanced itself from the rally. [82] The chapter took a pro-Palestinian stance during the Gaza war. [83] Earlier that year, Mamdani was the keynote speaker at the national DSA convention. [84] The "Build Public Renewables Act" passed the assembly, which ordered the New York Power Authority to move away from electricity and toward renewable energy. The bill was "a product of years of advocacy by the New York chapter of the Democratic Socialists of America". [85] By January 2024, NYC-DSA faced technical and legal disputes over campaign funding in the 2022 elections and a budget deficit in the national DSA. [86]

In 2024, DSA city councilors Cabán, Avilés, and Hanif voted against the city budget in protest, saying it was insufficient for the working class. [87] In April, eight NYC-DSA state legislators signed onto a letter supporting the Gaza Solidarity Encampment and other college protests. [88] In June, Bowman attempted to make amends with DSA and said he wouldn't support Iron Dome funding, gaining back NYC-DSA's endorsement. [89] Ocasio-Cortez was also seen by some DSA members as less committed to Palestine, losing her national endorsement but keeping NYC-DSA's. [90] NYC-DSA supported the "Leave it Blank" campaign in the Democratic presidential primary to protest the Gaza war. [91] That year, NYC-DSA endorsed its incumbents [c] and insurgent candidates Eon Huntley, Claire Valdez, and Jonathan Soto for assembly. [92] Bowman ultimately lost his primary to George Latimer. Huntley and Soto lost their races as well. All other NYC-DSA incumbents kept their seats, and Valdez won her race. The elections were described as a "mixed bag" for progressives and socialists. [93] NYC-DSA supported the "City of Yes" housing bill. [94] In early 2025, NYC-DSA organized a rally to protest NYU Langone denying gender-affirming surgery to minors. [95]

Mamdani campaign

In October 2024, Mamdani announced he would run for mayor in the 2025 Democratic primary on a progressive and socialist platform. [96] [97] Mamdani's campaign focused on affordability, proposing a rent freeze for rent stabilized units, free bus service, universal child care, city-run grocery stores, building social housing, and raising taxes on the rich. [98] [99] Some NYC-DSA elected officials doubted success, though 81% of members and 90% of delegates voted to endorse him at the 2024 convention. [100] [101] Mamdani was viewed as a "cadre" candidate for NYC-DSA, having strong pre-existing connections to the chapter. [102]

Mamdani campaigning in Flushing, Queens in June 2025 Zohran Mamdani Campaigning in Flushing.jpg
Mamdani campaigning in Flushing, Queens in June 2025

Mamdani steadily gained in polls, becoming second place to former Governor Andrew Cuomo and outright leading in some. [103] Mamdani was supported by many progressives and socialists, while Cuomo was supported by the Democratic establishment. [104] [105] Throughout the campaign, volunteers for Mamdani knocked on over one million doors, largely coordinated with NYC-DSA. [106] Cuomo attacked Mamdani for his identity as a socialist and association with DSA. [107] [108] The race galvanized the chapter, which gained 2,400 members since the start of the campaign by late May. [101] Mamdani's campaign came at a time where the base of the Democratic Party was increasingly open to socialist ideas, in response to the perceived ineffectiveness of the establishment following Trump's 2024 election win. [109]

On June 24, Mamdani pulled off an upset victory, leading Cuomo with 43.5% of the vote to his 36.3% in the first round of voting, a margin which "virtually no pollster predicted". Cuomo conceded the race later that night, leaving Mamdani the presumptive nominee. [110] Ranked choice results released on July 1 showed Mamdani with 56%, officially winning the primary. [111] The youthful, multiracial, leftist neighborhoods in Brooklyn and Queens where Mamdani overperformed became known as the "Commie Corridor". [112] NYC-DSA was described after the victory as "the most dynamic and powerful left-wing organization in the country" and a powerful local electoral machine. [113] [114] NYC-DSA members Hanif and Avilés also won their primaries. [115] NYC-DSA membership significantly increased after the victory, and contributed to an increase in national DSA membership. [109] In July, the chapter reached a membership of 10,000. [102] The chapter grew to 11,000 members by August. [116] [117] Shortly after the primary, progressive city councilman Chi Ossé joined DSA. [118]

In the general election, Mamdani faced Cuomo (running as an independent) and Republican Curtis Sliwa. [119] Incumbent mayor Eric Adams and candidate Jim Walden dropped out of the race to help coalesce anti-Mamdani voters around Cuomo. [120] [121] Establishment Democrats were reluctant to endorse Mamdani, though many ultimately did. [122] [123] President Trump officially endorsed Cuomo on the eve of Election Day. [124] By the end of the campaign, volunteers for Mamdani knocked on over 3 million doors. [125] On November 3, Mamdani won the election with 50.4% of the vote to Cuomo's 41.6% and Sliwa's 7.2%. Mamdani surpassed one million votes, in the highest turnout election since 1969. [126] Mamdani's victory was celebrated by the left internationally, but drew condemnation from Republicans and pro-Israel politicians. [127] [128] Mamdani, during his victory speech, said: "I am young, despite my best efforts to grow older. I am Muslim. I am a democratic socialist. And most damning of all, I refuse to apologize for any of this." [129] Avilés and Hanif both won re-election. [130] NYC-DSA celebrated the win, and has given Mamdani "wider-than-normal berth" to govern and deviate from its policies. [131]

Mamdani administration and 2026 slate

Mamdani being sworn in as mayor by Bernie Sanders. Zohran Mamdani swearing in, 2026.png
Mamdani being sworn in as mayor by Bernie Sanders.

By November, NYC-DSA had 12,000 members. [132] On November 5, Mamdani announced his government transition team. [133] Mamdani appointed NYC-DSA co-chairs Mausser and Gordillo to business and economic transition committees, respectively. [134] Mamdani's retention of police commissioner Jessica Tisch was controversial among socialists. [135] [136] Mamdani urged NYC-DSA members not to endorse Ossé's potential congressional bid against Jeffries and supported Brad Lander over Avilés' potential DSA campaign. [d] [139] [140]

At midnight on January 1, 2026, Mamdani was officially sworn in as the 112th mayor of New York City. [141] Later in the day, he was officially sworn in by Sanders, with the opening speech by Ocasio-Cortez. [142] In his inaugural speech, Mamdani said he would not abandon his socialist ideals, defended the idea of big government, promised "the warmth of collectivism", and said he would govern for all New Yorkers. [143] Mamdani has appointed multiple NYC-DSA members to positions in his administration: Elle Bisgaard-Church to be chief of staff, [144] [145] Tascha Van Auken to the new Office of Mass Engagement, [146] and Cea Weaver to the newly reinstated Mayor's Office to Protect Tenants. [147] [148] Weaver came under criticism from conservatives over her socialist stances and past tweets about homeownership, though Mamdani defended her work. [149] In his first weeks in office, Mamdani has secured additional childcare funding, made minor reforms, and supported multiple NYC-DSA candidates. [150] [151]

NYC-DSA voted on January 22 to endorse Valdez for New York's 7th congressional district against progressive Antonio Reynoso and Darializa Avila Chevalier for New York's 13th congressional district against incumbent Adriano Espaillat. [152] Valdez's campaign has been seen as the chapter's top priority. [152] According to political analyst Michael Lange, the race represents a struggle between progressives and socialists in the city. [153] Valdez is running on a democratic socialist platform of healthcare, housing, and unions for all, and opposition to the Gaza genocide. [154] [155] Avila Chevalier was a student organizer during the Columbia University encampments and NYC-DSA member. [156] She criticized Espaillat as being beholden to AIPAC and corporate interests, and has called for greater worker ownership and investment in her community. [157] [158]

By January 2026, the chapter had 13,000 members, then 13,500. [1] [159] NYC-DSA trained 4,000 activists for rapid response mobilization to Immigration and Customs Enforcement operations. [160] For the 2026 elections, NYC-DSA endorsed Huntley, Christian Celeste Tate, Aber Kawas, David Orkin, Conrad Blackburn, Diana Moreno, and Samantha Kattan for assembly, along with its incumbents. [e] [161] [151] González-Rojas also launched an unendorsed campaign against Jessica Ramos in the state senate. [162] Outgoing NY-7 representative Nydia Velázquez endorsed against Valdez and against the Queens DSA slate in January. [163]

Organization and ideology

"To be an unorganized socialist is a contradiction in terms."

Zohran Mamdani, quoting Eugene V. Debs [1] [164]

NYC-DSA is a chapter of the Democratic Socialists of America (DSA), the largest socialist organization in the United States. NYC-DSA is the largest chapter of the organization. [165] DSA is not a strict political party, but an organization that sometimes acts like a party or a party surrogate. [86] [113] [151] DSA often supports Democratic candidates, but is not "necessarily tied" to the party. [166] NYC-DSA often collaborates with the Working Families Party. [3] [167] NYC-DSA has a presence in local unions, including in the United Auto Workers. [168]

As of 2025, NYC-DSA includes the following branches: Flatbush, North, Central, and South Brooklyn (including Staten Island); Queens; Lower Manhattan and Bronx/Upper Manhattan. [1] [169] Over 3,000 members of the chapter reside in New York's 7th congressional district, while over 2,000 reside in the 10th district. [159] [170] As of 2020, over half of DSA members in New York State lived in Brooklyn. [171]

NYC-DSA has been criticized as appealing to gentrifiers and young professionals in the city, with some arguing it had limited appeal with blue-collar workers. [172] Michael Carter argued in Jacobin that establishment Democratic policies caused gentrification, hurting new and existing residents and pushing them to Mamdani. [173] NYC-DSA performs well in gentrified whiter neighborhoods, though has also won significant support with Muslim and Black voters. [174] [173] NYC-DSA's most consistent base of support comes from young renters. [175]

NYC-DSA is influenced by multiple caucuses of DSA. "Liquidationist" or "right" caucuses who seek to work within the Democratic Party comprise about 60% of the chapter, while "partyist" or "left" caucuses who seek an independent socialist party comprise about 36%. [176] [177] Specifically, NYC-DSA is dominated by the right caucuses Socialist Majority Caucus and Groundwork caucus. Other caucuses include Emerge, Marxist Unity Group, Springs of Revolution, and Bread and Roses. [1] [176] While there was much internal debate nationally about DSA's orientation toward the Democratic Party, NYC-DSA "quickly realized that candidates had to run as Democrats to be viable in New York City", though eventually wants to become an independent party. [1]

According to the NYC-DSA website:

The Steering Committee is the elected leadership of the NYC-DSA city chapter. The co-chairs, treasurer, secretary, campaigns coordinator, membership coordinator, communications coordinator, and technology and tools coordinator are elected annually. The branch representatives are elected annually by their respective branches. [178]

The current co-chairs of NYC-DSA are Gustavo Gordillo and Grace Mausser. [179] NYC-DSA members are encouraged to join "working groups", which focus on specific issues. [1]

NYC-DSA has a thorough endorsement process. All candidates must complete a questionnaire and answer questions from NYC-DSA members at citywide and branch-based forums. Then, the relevant branches vote on the endorsement. If the candidate passes the branch votes, the Citywide Leadership Committee (CLC), which includes elected representatives from different branches and the Young Democratic Socialists of America, votes on the endorsements. [180] [181]

NYC-DSA holds biannual conventions where delegates of each branch vote on resolutions. The members of the CLC are elected each year. [1]

Socialists in Office

NYC-DSA has a "Socialists in Office" (SIO) committee, to coordinate and communicate with its officials. If the committee comes to a consensus and adopts a position, NYC-DSA assembly members are expected to vote as a bloc. [58] The committee also serves to insulate members from legislative pressure. [182] SIO committees meet regularly. Co-chair Mausser meets with Ocasio-Cortez's team monthly. [1] The official SIO platform includes: transferring to green energy, criminal justice reform, redistribution, public banking, abortion rights, tenant protections, funding NYCHA and public transit, and universal healthcare, childcare, and education. [183] NYC-DSA ultimately believes in the theories of Karl Marx, and advocates for universal public goods and corporations controlled by workers. However, its current focus is progressive reforms. [1]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Forrest, Gallagher, Mamdani, Mitanyes, Brisport, and Salazar
  2. 1 2 Shrestha represents the 103rd district outside of the city, though she is still endorsed by NYC-DSA.
  3. ↑ Bowman, Ocasio-Cortez, Gonzalez, Mamdani, Brisport, Gallagher, Mitanyes, Salazar, Forest, and Shrestha [b]
  4. ↑ Ossé ultimately ended his campaign after NYC-DSA members voted against endorsing him. [132] [137] Avilés too decided not to run to not split the progressive vote with Lander. [138]
  5. ↑ Ocasio-Cortez, Salazar, Gonzalez, Brisport, Gallagher, Forrest, Mitanyes

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "Your guide to New York City's Democratic Socialists of America". City and State. p. 14-27. Retrieved 26 January 2026.
  2. 1 2 3 Mellins, Sam (October 12, 2020). "Inside the NYC Democratic Socialists of America's Electoral Powerhouse". nysfocus.com. New York Focus. Retrieved 15 August 2025.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Elliott-Negri, Luke (July 25, 2019). "Opinion: By Forging Alliance on the Left, Cabán Race is Reshaping NYC Politics". citylimits.org. City Limits. Retrieved 14 August 2025.
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  5. ↑ Bruni, Frank (Oct 12, 1997). "Race for City Hall: The Democratic candidate.; Messinger's Long Road in Pursuit of the Mayoralty" . The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  6. ↑ Schumach, Murray (Dec 29, 1973). "Dinkins Pulls Out As Aide to Beame; Failed to Pay Tax" . The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 June 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  7. ↑ Nichols, John (June 21, 2021). "Socialists Were Once Serious Contenders for Mayor of New York, and They Will Be Again". The Nation. Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  8. 1 2 Luz, Amanda; Santiago, Henning (December 2, 2020). "What is the DSA?". cityandstateny.com. City & State . Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  9. ↑ Greenberg, David (Jan 3, 2019). "Socialists Are No Strangers to Congress" . The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 1 Jan 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  10. ↑ "Featured African Americans - Congressman Major Owens". loc.gov. Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 1 February 2009. Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  11. ↑ Kornbluh, Jacob (April 2, 2025). "Who would protect New York Jews better? Cuomo and Lander trade attacks on the campaign trail". forward.com. Forward. Retrieved 15 August 2025.
  12. ↑ Khurshid, Samar (January 25, 2019). "2021 Comptroller Race Now Features Two City Council Members". Gotham Gazette . Retrieved 15 August 2025.
  13. ↑ "Former New York City Mayor David Dinkins Dies at 93". NBC New York. November 25, 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  14. ↑ Barkan, Ross (August 3, 2023). "Has the Socialist Moment Already Come and Gone?". newrepublic.com. The New Republic. Retrieved 1 October 2025.
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  17. ↑ Stewart, Emily (Apr 30, 2019). "We are (still) the 99 percent". Vox. Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  18. 1 2 Barkan, Ross (2021-09-21). "In New York City, Occupy Wall Street Got the Last Laugh". jacobin.com. Jacobin. Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  19. ↑ Levitin, Michael (September 14, 2021). "Occupy Wall Street Did More Than You Think". The Atlantic. Retrieved 21 August 2025.
  20. 1 2 Brisport, Jabari (March 4, 2021). "The Rise of NYC-DSA". The Forge. Retrieved 14 August 2025.
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  22. ↑ "El-Yateem Makes History As First Palestinian Arab-American To Run For City Council". politicsny.com. Politics NY. February 27, 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2025.
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  29. ↑ "Carlina Rivera enters the race for New York's 10th Congressional District". City and State New York. Retrieved 30 December 2025.
  30. ↑ Rivlin-Nadler, Max (Jan 26, 2017). "7 NYC Groups That Are Ready To Fight Trump's Creeping Fascism". gothamist.com. Gothamist. Retrieved 21 August 2025.
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